P61278 (SMS_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Somatostatin

Alternative name(s):
Growth hormone release-inhibiting factor

Cleaved into the following 2 chains:

1. Somatostatin-28
2. Somatostatin-14

Gene names

Name:

SST

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	116 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Somatostatin inhibits the release of somatotropin.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Pharmaceutical use	A synthetic analog known as octreotide or SMS 201-995 is available under the name Sandostatin (Novartis). It is used for the treatment of a variety of disorders including acromegaly and the symptomatic treatment of carcinoid tumors and vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the somatostatin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Hormone
PTM	Cleavage on pair of basic residues Disulfide bond
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Pharmaceutical Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB digestion Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB induction of apoptosis by hormones Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of cell proliferation Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB response to nutrient Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB synaptic transmission Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	extracellular space Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	hormone activity Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 24

24

Propeptide

25 – 88

64

PRO_0000033086

Peptide

89 – 116

28

Somatostatin-28

PRO_0000033087

Peptide

103 – 116

14

Somatostatin-14

PRO_0000033088

Amino acid modifications

Disulfide bond

105 ↔ 116

Natural variations

Natural variant

11

1

A → V.
Corresponds to variant rs35603672 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_034499

Natural variant

61

1

N → T.
Corresponds to variant rs33934967 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_034500

Secondary structure

1

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.

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116

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Helix

11 – 15

5

Helix

28 – 37

10

Turn

38 – 42

5

Helix

45 – 47

3

Helix

48 – 56

9

Beta strand

57 – 59

3

Helix

70 – 87

18

Helix

88 – 91

4

Helix

96 – 103

8

Helix

110 – 112

3

Turn

113 – 115

3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P61278 [UniParc]. Last modified July 21, 1986. Version 1. Checksum: AB49BB89DC9DD8DA	FASTA	116	12,736
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MLSCRLQCAL AALSIVLALG CVTGAPSDPR LRQFLQKSLA AAAGKQELAK YFLAELLSEP 70 80 90 100 110 NQTENDALEP EDLSQAAEQD EMRLELQRSA NSNPAMAPRE RKAGCKNFFW KTFTSC

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Human somatostatin I: sequence of the cDNA." Shen L.-P., Pictet R.L., Rutter W.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:4575-4579(1982) [PubMed: 6126875] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Sequence of the human somatostatin I gene." Shen L.-P., Rutter W.J. Science 224:168-171(1984) [PubMed: 6142531] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[4]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Fetal brain.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Somatostatin entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

J00306 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA60566.1.
AK312177 mRNA. Translation: BAG35110.1.
CH471052 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW78145.1.
BC032625 mRNA. Translation: AAH32625.1.

IPI

IPI00000130.

PIR

RIHUS1. A43614.

RefSeq

NP_001039.1. NM_001048.3.

UniGene

Hs.12409.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1P2W	model	-	A	1-116	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

P61278.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

STRING

P61278.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM

47117741.

Proteomic databases

PeptideAtlas

P61278.

PRIDE

P61278.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000287641; ENSP00000287641; ENSG00000157005.

GeneID

6750.

KEGG

hsa:6750.

UCSC

uc003frn.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

6750.

GeneCards

GC03M187386.

H-InvDB

HIX0003938.

HGNC

HGNC:11329. SST.

HPA

CAB000075.
HPA019472.

MIM

182450. gene.

neXtProt

NX_P61278.

PharmGKB

PA36153.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

prNOG20359.

GeneTree

ENSGT00510000047914.

HOGENOM

HBG269508.

HOVERGEN

HBG017816.

InParanoid

P61278.

OMA

RMELQRS.

OrthoDB

EOG4W6NXF.

PhylomeDB

P61278.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactome

REACT_111102. Signal Transduction.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P61278.

Bgee

P61278.

CleanEx

HS_SST.

Genevestigator

P61278.

GermOnline

ENSG00000157005. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR004250. Somatostatin.
IPR018142. Somatostatin/Cortistatin_C.
[Graphical view]

KO

K05237.

PANTHER

PTHR10558. Somatostatin. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF03002. Somatostatin. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PIRSF

PIRSF001814. Somatostatin. 1 hit.

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

DrugBank

DB01200. Bromocriptine.
DB00847. Cysteamine.

NextBio

26332.

PMAP-CutDB

P61278.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

SMS_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P61278
Secondary accession number(s): B2R5G3, P01166

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	July 21, 1986
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 72 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.