<p>Provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.</p><p><a href='../manual/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

1. signal transducer activity Source: UniProtKB

   <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ

   • 9535219

2. transcription corepressor activity Source: Ensembl

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processⁱ

1. cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
2. cullin deneddylation Source: UniProtKB

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 19141280

3. negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: Ensembl
4. neuron differentiation Source: Ensembl
5. signal transduction Source: UniProtKB

   <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ

   • 9535219

6. skeletal muscle cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
7. transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: UniProtKB

   <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ

   • 7776974

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>Provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>Provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.</p><p><a href='../manual/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componentⁱ

1. COP9 signalosome Source: UniProtKB

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 18850735
   • 9535219

2. cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 9535219

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>Provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with the deficiency of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.</p><p><a href='../manual/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing.</p><p><a href='../manual/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Chaini	1 – 443	443	COP9 signalosome complex subunit 2		PRO_0000120968	Add BLAST

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection complements the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which position-specific data is not yet available.</p><p><a href='../manual/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.</p><p><a href='../manual/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>Provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.</p><p><a href='../manual/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>Provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the ‘Function’ section).</p><p><a href='../manual/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>Provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.</p><p><a href='../manual/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>Provides information on the tertiary structure of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>Provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	248 – 413	166	PCI			Add BLAST

<p>Provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (2)ⁱ

<p>Indicates if the canonical sequence displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry describes 2<p>Lists the alternative protein sequences (isoforms) that can be generated from the same gene by a single or by the combination of up to four biological events (alternative promoter usage, alternative splicing, alternative initiation and ribosomal frameshifting). Additionally, this section gives relevant information on each alternative protein isoform.</p><p><a href='../manual/alternative_products' target='_top'>More...</a></p> isoformsⁱ produced by alternative splicing. Align

        10         20         30         40         50
MSDMEDDFMC DDEEDYDLEY SEDSNSEPNV DLENQYYNSK ALKEDDPKAA 
        60         70         80         90        100
LSSFQKVLEL EGEKGEWGFK ALKQMIKINF KLTNFPEMMN RYKQLLTYIR 
       110        120        130        140        150
SAVTRNYSEK SINSILDYIS TSKQMDLLQE FYETTLEALK DAKNDRLWFK 
       160        170        180        190        200
TNTKLGKLYL EREEYGKLQK ILRQLHQSCQ TDDGEDDLKK GTQLLEIYAL 
       210        220        230        240        250
EIQMYTAQKN NKKLKALYEQ SLHIKSAIPH PLIMGVIREC GGKMHLREGE 
       260        270        280        290        300
FEKAHTDFFE AFKNYDESGS PRRTTCLKYL VLANMLMKSG INPFDSQEAK 
       310        320        330        340        350
PYKNDPEILA MTNLVSAYQN NDITEFEKIL KTNHSNIMDD PFIREHIEEL 
       360        370        380        390        400
LRNIRTQVLI KLIKPYTRIH IPFISKELNI DVADVESLLV QCILDNTIHG 
       410        420        430        440 
RIDQVNQLLE LDHQKRGGAR YTALDKWTNQ LNSLNQAVVS KLA 

        10         20         30         40         50
MSDMEDDFMC DDEEDYDLEY SEDSNSEPNV DLENQYYNSK ALKEDDPKAA 
        60         70         80         90        100
LSSFQKVLEL EGEKGEWGFK ALKQMIKINF KLTNFPEMMN RYKQLLTYIR 
       110        120        130        140        150
SAVTRNYSEK SINSILDYIS TSKQNSDFLC QMDLLQEFYE TTLEALKDAK 
       160        170        180        190        200
NDRLWFKTNT KLGKLYLERE EYGKLQKILR QLHQSCQTDD GEDDLKKGTQ 
       210        220        230        240        250
LLEIYALEIQ MYTAQKNNKK LKALYEQSLH IKSAIPHPLI MGVIRECGGK 
       260        270        280        290        300
MHLREGEFEK AHTDFFEAFK NYDESGSPRR TTCLKYLVLA NMLMKSGINP 
       310        320        330        340        350
FDSQEAKPYK NDPEILAMTN LVSAYQNNDI TEFEKILKTN HSNIMDDPFI 
       360        370        380        390        400
REHIEELLRN IRTQVLIKLI KPYTRIHIPF ISKELNIDVA DVESLLVQCI 
       410        420        430        440        450
LDNTIHGRID QVNQLLELDH QKRGGARYTA LDKWTNQLNS LNQAVVSKLA 

<p>Reports difference(s) between the protein sequence shown in the UniProtKB entry and other available protein sequences derived from the same gene.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_caution' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence cautionⁱ

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	36 – 36	1	Y → N in CAG46860. 1 Publication Ref.3 Peng Y., Li Y., Tu Y., Xu S., Han Z., Fu G., Chen Z. Submitted (DEC-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Curated
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	151 – 151	1	T → A in AAD43026. (PubMed:10931946)Curated
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	211 – 211	1	N → T in CAG46860. 1 Publication Ref.3 Peng Y., Li Y., Tu Y., Xu S., Han Z., Fu G., Chen Z. Submitted (DEC-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Curated
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	352 – 352	1	R → Q(PubMed:10207062)Curated
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	392 – 392	1	C → S(PubMed:10207062)Curated

Alternative sequence

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the sequence of naturally occurring alternative protein isoform(s). The changes in the amino acid sequence may be due to alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage, alternative initiation, or ribosomal frameshifting. The information stored in this subsection is used to automatically construct alternative protein sequence(s) for display.</p><p><a href='../manual/var_seq' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Alternative sequencei	124 – 124	1	Q → QNSDFLCQ in isoform 2. 1 Publication <p>Manually curated information that is based on statements in scientific articles for which there is no experimental support.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000303">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on opinion ini Ref.3 Peng Y., Li Y., Tu Y., Xu S., Han Z., Fu G., Chen Z. Submitted (DEC-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).		VSP_011884

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Polymorphism databases

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>Is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.</p><p><a href='../manual/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>Provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Contains the literature citations that are the sources of data used to annotate the entry. Each reference is numbered and contains several subsections allowing a precise description of a given citation.</p><p><a href='../manual/publications_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Publicationsⁱ

1. Dumdey R., Bech-Otschir D., Ferrell K., Dubiel W.
   Submitted (AUG-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
2. "Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning."
   Hu R.-M., Han Z.-G., Song H.-D., Peng Y.-D., Huang Q.-H., Ren S.-X., Gu Y.-J., Huang C.-H., Li Y.-B., Jiang C.-L., Fu G., Zhang Q.-H., Gu B.-W., Dai M., Mao Y.-F., Gao G.-F., Rong R., Ye M.

   , Zhou J., Xu S.-H., Gu J., Shi J.-X., Jin W.-R., Zhang C.-K., Wu T.-M., Huang G.-Y., Chen Z., Chen M.-D., Chen J.-L.
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:9543-9548(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
   Tissue: Pituitary.
   
3. Peng Y., Li Y., Tu Y., Xu S., Han Z., Fu G., Chen Z.
   Submitted (DEC-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
   Tissue: Pituitary.
   
4. "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)."
   Halleck A., Ebert L., Mkoundinya M., Schick M., Eisenstein S., Neubert P., Kstrang K., Schatten R., Shen B., Henze S., Mar W., Korn B., Zuo D., Hu Y., LaBaer J.
   Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
5. "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
   The MGC Project Team
   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
   Tissue: Skeletal muscle.
   
6. "Two classes of proteins dependent on either the presence or absence of thyroid hormone for interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor."
   Lee J.W., Choi H.-S., Gyuris J., Brent R., Moore D.D.
   Mol. Endocrinol. 9:243-254(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 4-236 (ISOFORM 1).
7. "Alien, a highly conserved protein with characteristics of a corepressor for members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily."
   Dressel U., Thormeyer D., Altincicek B., Paululat A., Eggert M., Schneider S., Tenbaum S.P., Renkawitz R., Baniahmad A.
   Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:3383-3394(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 4-443 (ISOFORM 1), SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH NR2F1.
8. "A novel protein complex involved in signal transduction possessing similarities to 26S proteasome subunits."
   Seeger M., Kraft R., Ferrell K., Bech-Otschir D., Dumdey R., Schade R., Gordon C., Naumann M., Dubiel W.
   FASEB J. 12:469-478(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
9. "Interaction of the corepressor Alien with DAX-1 is abrogated by mutations of DAX-1 involved in adrenal hypoplasia congenita."
   Altincicek B., Tenbaum S.P., Dressel U., Thormeyer D., Renkawitz R., Baniahmad A.
   J. Biol. Chem. 275:7662-7667(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NR0B1.
10. "Interaction between interferon consensus sequence-binding protein and COP9/signalosome subunit CSN2 (Trip15). A possible link between interferon regulatory factor signaling and the COP9/signalosome."
    Cohen H., Azriel A., Cohen T., Meraro D., Hashmueli S., Bech-Otschir D., Kraft R., Dubiel W., Levi B.Z.
    J. Biol. Chem. 275:39081-39089(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH IRF8/ICSBP1.
11. "COP9 signalosome-specific phosphorylation targets p53 to degradation by the ubiquitin system."
    Bech-Otschir D., Kraft R., Huang X., Henklein P., Kapelari B., Pollmann C., Dubiel W.
    EMBO J. 20:1630-1639(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION.
12. "Promotion of NEDD-CUL1 conjugate cleavage by COP9 signalosome."
    Lyapina S., Cope G., Shevchenko A., Serino G., Tsuge T., Zhou C., Wolf D.A., Wei N., Shevchenko A., Deshaies R.J.
    Science 292:1382-1385(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION, COMPOSITION OF THE CSN COMPLEX, INTERACTION WITH CUL1.
13. "The ubiquitin ligase activity in the DDB2 and CSA complexes is differentially regulated by the COP9 signalosome in response to DNA damage."
    Groisman R., Polanowska J., Kuraoka I., Sawada J., Saijo M., Drapkin R., Kisselev A.F., Tanaka K., Nakatani Y.
    Cell 113:357-367(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION.
14. "Protein kinase CK2 and protein kinase D are associated with the COP9 signalosome."
    Uhle S., Medalia O., Waldron R., Dumdey R., Henklein P., Bech-Otschir D., Huang X., Berse M., Sperling J., Schade R., Dubiel W.
    EMBO J. 22:1302-1312(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION.
15. "Characterization of the human COP9 signalosome complex using affinity purification and mass spectrometry."
    Fang L., Wang X., Yamoah K., Chen P.L., Pan Z.Q., Huang L.
    J. Proteome Res. 7:4914-4925(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE CSN COMPLEX.
16. "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."
    Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.
    BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].

<p>Provides general information on the entry.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>Contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections</p><p><a href='../manual/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 15
   Human chromosome 15: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
3. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
4. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families

External Data

<p>Provides links to the UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="/help/uniref">UniRef</a>). UniRef consists of clusters for UniProtKB sequences (including isoforms) and selected UniParc sequences, in order to obtain complete coverage of the sequence space at resolutions of 100%, 90% and 50% identity.</p><p><a href='../manual/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ