Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P60164 (KA111_PARVI)

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name:     Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 11.1 Alternative name(s):     Parabutoxin-1       Short name=PBTx1
Organism	Parabuthus villosus (Scorpion)
Taxonomic identifier	252780 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	Eukaryota › Metazoa › Arthropoda › Chelicerata › Arachnida › Scorpiones › Buthida › Buthoidea › Buthidae › Parabuthus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	37 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Binds and inhibits voltage-sensitive potassium channels. Inhibits the vertebrate potassium channels Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 with low affinity. Ref.2
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Expressed by the venom gland. Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Potassium channel inhibitor family. Alpha-KTx 11 subfamily.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Molecular function	Ionic channel inhibitor Neurotoxin Potassium channel inhibitor Toxin
PTM	Disulfide bond
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	pathogenesis Ref.2 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	extracellular region Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	potassium channel inhibitor activity Ref.2 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Peptide	1 – 37	37	Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 11.1		PRO_0000044915
Amino acid modifications
	Disulfide bond	8 ↔ 27		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	13 ↔ 33		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	17 ↔ 35		By similarity
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	24	1	T → F: Increased affinity towards Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 channels. Ref.2
	Mutagenesis	26	1	V → K: Increased affinity towards Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 channels. Ref.2

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P60164-1 [UniParc]. Last modified December 15, 2003. Version 1. Checksum: 61C4CB1ADF1D51D2	FASTA	37	4,096
	10 20 30 DEEPKESCSD EMCVIYCKGE EYSTGVCDGP QKCKCSD

References

[1]	"A unified nomenclature for short-chain peptides isolated from scorpion venoms: alpha-KTx molecular subfamilies." Tytgat J., Chandy K.G., Garcia M.L., Gutman G.A., Martin-Eauclaire M.-F., van der Walt J.J., Possani L.D. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20:444-447(1999) [PubMed: 10542442] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, REVIEW. Tissue: Venom.
[2]	"A subfamily of acidic alpha-K(+) toxins." Huys I., Olamendi-Portugal T., Garcia-Gomez B.I., Vandenberghe I., Van Beeumen J., Dyason K., Clynen E., Zhu S., van der Walt J., Possani L.D., Tytgat J. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2781-2789(2004) [PubMed: 14561751] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-24 AND VAL-26.

Cross-references

3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR012635. Toxin_31. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF08119. Toxin_31. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS01138. SCORP_SHORT_TOXIN. False negative. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

KA111_PARVI

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P60164

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	December 15, 2003
Last sequence update:	December 15, 2003
Last modified:	November 24, 2009
This is version 27 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

Tox-Prot (Toxin Annotation Project)