P59768 (GBG2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

Alternative name(s):
G gamma-I

Gene names

Name:

GNG2

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	71 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction By similarity.
Subunit structure	G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma By similarity. The heterodimer formed by GNB1 and GNG2 interacts with PTH1R (via C-terminus).
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Potential.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in fetal tissues, including testis, adrenal gland, brain, white blood cells and brain. Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the G protein gamma family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cell membrane Membrane
Molecular function	Transducer
PTM	Acetylation Lipoprotein Methylation Phosphoprotein Prenylation
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL cell proliferation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to catecholamine stimulus Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL cellular response to glucagon stimulus Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL energy reserve metabolic process Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome platelet activation Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome small molecule metabolic process Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome synaptic transmission Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome
Cellular_component	heterotrimeric G-protein complex Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL
Molecular_function	signal transducer activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Initiator methionine	1	1	Removed By similarity
	Chain	2 – 68	67	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2		PRO_0000012611
	Propeptide	69 – 71	3	Removed in mature form By similarity		PRO_0000012612
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	2	1	N-acetylalanine By similarity
	Modified residue	52	1	Phosphothreonine By similarity
	Modified residue	68	1	Cysteine methyl ester By similarity
	Lipidation	68	1	S-geranylgeranyl cysteine By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P59768 [UniParc]. Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 2. Checksum: EDB74E4135E7A37A	FASTA	71	7,850
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP 70 FREKKFFCAI L

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning, characterization, and mapping of the gene encoding the human G protein gamma 2 subunit." Modarressi M.H., Taylor K.E., Wolfe J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272:610-615(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[2]	"cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www.cdna.org)." Puhl H.L. III, Ikeda S.R., Aronstam R.S. Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[3]	"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Lymph node.
[4]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain and Skin.
[6]	"Structure of the parathyroid hormone receptor C terminus bound to the G-protein dimer Gbeta1gamma2." Johnston C.A., Kimple A.J., Giguere P.M., Siderovski D.P. Structure 16:1086-1094(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.0 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEXES WITH GNB1 AND PTH1R.
[7]	Erratum Johnston C.A., Kimple A.J., Giguere P.M., Siderovski D.P. Structure 19:1200-1200(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: RETRACTION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF493870 mRNA. Translation: AAM12584.1. AL832878 mRNA. Translation: CAI46198.1. CH471078 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW65663.1. BC020774 mRNA. Translation: AAH20774.1. BC060856 mRNA. Translation: AAH60856.1.
IPI	IPI00470619.
PIR	GNG2. JC7290.
RefSeq	NP_001230702.1. NM_001243773.1. NP_001230703.1. NM_001243774.1. NP_444292.1. NM_053064.4.
UniGene	Hs.187772. Hs.709082. Hs.741081.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P59768.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP-33949N.
IntAct	P59768. 1 interaction.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000334448.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P59768.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	32699499.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P59768.
PeptideAtlas	P59768.
PRIDE	P59768.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000335281; ENSP00000334448; ENSG00000186469. ENST00000554736; ENSP00000452014; ENSG00000186469. ENST00000555472; ENSP00000451102; ENSG00000186469. ENST00000556752; ENSP00000451576; ENSG00000186469. ENST00000556766; ENSP00000451231; ENSG00000186469.
GeneID	54331.
KEGG	hsa:54331.
UCSC	uc001wzi.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	54331.
GeneCards	GC14P052327.
HGNC	HGNC:4404. GNG2.
HPA	CAB018380. HPA003534.
MIM	606981. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P59768.
PharmGKB	PA28784.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG298292.
HOVERGEN	HBG014983.
InParanoid	P59768.
KO	K07826.
OrthoDB	EOG47WNQC.
PhylomeDB	P59768.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Pathway_Interaction_DB	hedgehog_glipathway. Hedgehog signaling events mediated by Gli proteins. lysophospholipid_pathway. LPA receptor mediated events. wnt_calcium_pathway. Noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway. er_nongenomic_pathway. Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling. hdac_classii_pathway. Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class II. txa2pathway. Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling.
Reactome	REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_111217. Metabolism. REACT_13685. Neuronal System. REACT_15518. Transmembrane transport of small molecules. REACT_604. Hemostasis.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P59768.
Bgee	P59768.
CleanEx	HS_GNG2.
Genevestigator	P59768.
GermOnline	ENSG00000186469. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	4.10.260.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR015898. G-protein_gamma-like_dom. IPR001770. Gprotein-gamma. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR13809. PTHR13809. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00631. G-gamma. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00321. GPROTEING.
SMART	SM00224. GGL. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF48670. G-protein_gamma-like. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50058. G_PROTEIN_GAMMA. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
DrugBank	DB01159. Halothane.
EvolutionaryTrace	P59768.
GenomeRNAi	54331.
NextBio	56571.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

GBG2_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P59768
Secondary accession number(s): Q5JPE2, Q6P9A9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 106 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.