P59542 (T2R19_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Taste receptor type 2 member 19

Alternative name(s):
Taste receptor type 2 member 23
Taste receptor type 2 member 48
Short name=T2R48

Gene names

Name:	TAS2R19
Synonyms:	TAS2R23, TAS2R48

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	299 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 By similarity.
Subcellular location	Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.
Miscellaneous	Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter stimuli.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Sensory transduction Taste
Cellular component	Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Molecular function	G-protein coupled receptor Receptor Transducer
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	sensory perception of taste Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular_function	G-protein coupled receptor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 299	299	Taste receptor type 2 member 19		PRO_0000082328
Regions
	Topological domain	1	1	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	2 – 22	21	Helical; Name=1; Potential
	Topological domain	23 – 55	33	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	56 – 76	21	Helical; Name=2; Potential
	Topological domain	77 – 87	11	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	88 – 108	21	Helical; Name=3; Potential
	Topological domain	109 – 127	19	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	128 – 148	21	Helical; Name=4; Potential
	Topological domain	149 – 181	33	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	182 – 202	21	Helical; Name=5; Potential
	Topological domain	203 – 226	24	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	227 – 247	21	Helical; Name=6; Potential
	Topological domain	248 – 259	12	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	260 – 280	21	Helical; Name=7; Potential
	Topological domain	281 – 299	19	Cytoplasmic Potential
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	161	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Natural variations
	Natural variant	126	1	K → Q. Corresponds to variant rs12424373 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_053354
	Natural variant	299	1	R → C. Corresponds to variant rs10772420 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_053355

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P59542 [UniParc]. Last modified April 11, 2003. Version 1. Checksum: 843EAEF42105EBE0	FASTA	299	33,908
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MMCFLLIISS ILVVFAFVLG NVANGFIALV NVIDWVNTRK ISSAEQILTA LVVSRIGLLW 70 80 90 100 110 120 VMLFLWYATV FNSALYGLEV RIVASNAWAV TNHFSMWLAA SLSIFCLLKI ANFSNLISLH 130 140 150 160 170 180 LKKRIKSVVL VILLGPLVFL ICNLAVITMD ERVWTKEYEG NVTWKIKLRN AIHLSSLTVT 190 200 210 220 230 240 TLANLIPFTL SLICFLLLIC SLCKHLKKMR LHSKGSQDPS TKVHIKALQT VTSFLMLFAI 250 260 270 280 290 YFLCIITSTW NLRTQQSKLV LLLCQTVAIM YPSFHSFILI MGSRKLKQTF LSVLWQMTR

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides." Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W. Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes." Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paeaebo S. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[4]	"Receptors for bitter and sweet taste." Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[5]	"Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction." Margolskee R.F. J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[6]	"Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways." Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D., Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J. Cell 112:293-301(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF494234 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAM19325.1. AY724939 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAU21141.1. BC101804 mRNA. Translation: AAI01805.1. BC111998 mRNA. Translation: AAI11999.1.
IPI	IPI00259673.
RefSeq	NP_795369.1. NM_176888.1.
UniGene	Hs.687025. Hs.688196.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P59542.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
GPCRDB	Search...
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	29839480.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P59542.
PRIDE	P59542.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000390673; ENSP00000375091; ENSG00000212124. ENST00000573562; ENSP00000461533; ENSG00000263028.
GeneID	259294.
KEGG	hsa:259294.
UCSC	uc010shj.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	259294.
GeneCards	GC12M011174.
HGNC	HGNC:19108. TAS2R19.
MIM	613961. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P59542.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG130344.
HOGENOM	HOG000234595.
HOVERGEN	HBG060698.
InParanoid	P59542.
KO	K08474.
OMA	LVNVIDW.
OrthoDB	EOG4QFWDT.
PhylomeDB	P59542.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P59542.
CleanEx	HS_TAS2R48.
Genevestigator	P59542.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007960. TAS2_rcpt. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF05296. TAS2R. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	259294.
NextBio	93137.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

T2R19_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P59542
Secondary accession number(s): Q3MIJ4, Q645X8

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	April 11, 2003
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 84 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.