P59535 (T2R40_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Taste receptor type 2 member 40
Short name=T2R40

Alternative name(s):
G-protein coupled receptor 60
Taste receptor type 2 member 58
Short name=T2R58

Gene names

Name:	TAS2R40
Synonyms:	GPR60

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	323 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5.
Subcellular location	Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.
Miscellaneous	Several bitter taste receptors are expressed in a single taste receptor cell.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Sensory transduction Taste
Cellular component	Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Molecular function	G-protein coupled receptor Receptor Transducer
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	sensory perception of taste Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular_function	G-protein coupled receptor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 323	323	Taste receptor type 2 member 40		PRO_0000082288
Regions
	Topological domain	1 – 14	14	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	15 – 35	21	Helical; Name=1; Potential
	Topological domain	36 – 58	23	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	59 – 79	21	Helical; Name=2; Potential
	Topological domain	80 – 100	21	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	101 – 121	21	Helical; Name=3; Potential
	Topological domain	122 – 140	19	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	141 – 162	22	Helical; Name=4; Potential
	Topological domain	163 – 190	28	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	191 – 211	21	Helical; Name=5; Potential
	Topological domain	212 – 247	36	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	248 – 268	21	Helical; Name=6; Potential
	Topological domain	269 – 276	8	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	277 – 297	21	Helical; Name=7; Potential
	Topological domain	298 – 323	26	Cytoplasmic Potential
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	170	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	179	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Natural variations
	Natural variant	23	1	V → L. Corresponds to variant rs17164164 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_053350
	Natural variant	187	1	S → Y. Corresponds to variant rs10260248 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_053351

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P59535 [UniParc]. Last modified April 11, 2003. Version 1. Checksum: 605E66397EE04E77	FASTA	323	36,812
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MATVNTDATD KDISKFKVTF TLVVSGIECI TGILGSGFIT AIYGAEWARG KTLPTGDRIM 70 80 90 100 110 120 LMLSFSRLLL QIWMMLENIF SLLFRIVYNQ NSVYILFKVI TVFLNHSNLW FAAWLKVFYC 130 140 150 160 170 180 LRIANFNHPL FFLMKRKIIV LMPWLLRLSV LVSLSFSFPL SRDVFNVYVN SSIPIPSSNS 190 200 210 220 230 240 TEKKYFSETN MVNLVFFYNM GIFVPLIMFI LAATLLILSL KRHTLHMGSN ATGSRDPSMK 250 260 270 280 290 300 AHIGAIKATS YFLILYIFNA IALFLSTSNI FDTYSSWNIL CKIIMAAYPA GHSVQLILGN 310 320 PGLRRAWKRF QHQVPLYLKG QTL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides." Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W. Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes." Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paeaebo S. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology." Scherer S.W., Cheung J., MacDonald J.R., Osborne L.R., Nakabayashi K., Herbrick J.-A., Carson A.R., Parker-Katiraee L., Skaug J., Khaja R., Zhang J., Hudek A.K., Li M., Haddad M., Duggan G.E., Fernandez B.A., Kanematsu E., Gentles S. , Christopoulos C.C., Choufani S., Kwasnicka D., Zheng X.H., Lai Z., Nusskern D.R., Zhang Q., Gu Z., Lu F., Zeesman S., Nowaczyk M.J., Teshima I., Chitayat D., Shuman C., Weksberg R., Zackai E.H., Grebe T.A., Cox S.R., Kirkpatrick S.J., Rahman N., Friedman J.M., Heng H.H.Q., Pelicci P.G., Lo-Coco F., Belloni E., Shaffer L.G., Pober B., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F., Bruns G.A.P., Korf B.R., Quade B.J., Ligon A.H., Ferguson H., Higgins A.W., Leach N.T., Herrick S.R., Lemyre E., Farra C.G., Kim H.-G., Summers A.M., Gripp K.W., Roberts W., Szatmari P., Winsor E.J.T., Grzeschik K.-H., Teebi A., Minassian B.A., Kere J., Armengol L., Pujana M.A., Estivill X., Wilson M.D., Koop B.F., Tosi S., Moore G.E., Boright A.P., Zlotorynski E., Kerem B., Kroisel P.M., Petek E., Oscier D.G., Mould S.J., Doehner H., Doehner K., Rommens J.M., Vincent J.B., Venter J.C., Li P.W., Mural R.J., Adams M.D., Tsui L.-C. Science 300:767-772(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[6]	"Receptors for bitter and sweet taste." Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[7]	"Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction." Margolskee R.F. J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[8]	"Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways." Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D., Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J. Cell 112:293-301(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF494229 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAM19320.1. AY724957 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAU21153.1. CH236959 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAL23782.1. CH471198 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW51882.1. BC101795 mRNA. Translation: AAI01796.1. BC101797 mRNA. Translation: AAI01798.1.
IPI	IPI00221131.
RefSeq	NP_795363.1. NM_176882.1.
UniGene	Hs.352241.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P59535.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
GPCRDB	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P59535.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	29839473.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P59535.
PRIDE	P59535.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000408947; ENSP00000386210; ENSG00000221937.
GeneID	259286.
KEGG	hsa:259286.
UCSC	uc011ksx.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	259286.
GeneCards	GC07P142919.
H-InvDB	HIX0033892.
HGNC	HGNC:18885. TAS2R40.
MIM	613964. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P59535.
PharmGKB	PA38738.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG28890.
HOGENOM	HOG000234595.
HOVERGEN	HBG060698.
InParanoid	P59535.
KO	K08474.
OMA	WNILCKI.
OrthoDB	EOG4T4CVX.
PhylomeDB	P59535.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P59535.
Bgee	P59535.
CleanEx	HS_TAS2R40.
Genevestigator	P59535.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007960. TAS2_rcpt. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF05296. TAS2R. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	259286.
NextBio	93107.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

T2R40_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P59535
Secondary accession number(s): A4D2I2, Q645W6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	April 11, 2003
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 86 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.