Taste receptor type 2 member 38 - Homo sapiens (Human)

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P59533 (T2R38_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified January 25, 2012. Version 90. History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity |

Documents (7) |

Third-party data

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Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·Documents Customize order

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Taste receptor type 2 member 38
Short name=T2R38

Alternative name(s):
PTC bitter taste receptor
Taste receptor type 2 member 61
Short name=T2R61

Gene names

Name:	TAS2R38
Synonyms:	PTC

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	333 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 By similarity.
Subcellular location	Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.
Polymorphism	Variations in TAS2R38 are associated with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC tasting) [MIM:171200]; also called thiourea tasting. The ability to taste the substance PTC and a number of related substances is genetically controlled. Genetic studies have demonstrated complex inheritance for this trait. For some people (and some chimpanzees also), the chemical PTC tastes very bitter. For others, it is tasteless. Actually, substantial variation in taste sensitivity exists in human. Five haplotypes arising from three coding SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene are associated with distinct phenotypes of PTC taste sensitivity.
Miscellaneous	Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter stimuli.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Sensory transduction Taste
Cellular component	Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Molecular function	G-protein coupled receptor Receptor Transducer
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	sensory perception of taste Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	G-protein coupled receptor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 333

333

Taste receptor type 2 member 38

PRO_0000082273

Regions

Topological domain

1 – 17

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

18 – 38

Helical; Name=1; Potential

Topological domain

39 – 55

Cytoplasmic Potential

Transmembrane

56 – 76

Helical; Name=2; Potential

Topological domain

77 – 94

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

95 – 115

Helical; Name=3; Potential

Topological domain

116 – 142

Cytoplasmic Potential

Transmembrane

143 – 163

Helical; Name=4; Potential

Topological domain

164 – 190

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

191 – 211

Helical; Name=5; Potential

Topological domain

212 – 251

Cytoplasmic Potential

Transmembrane

252 – 272

Helical; Name=6; Potential

Topological domain

273 – 276

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

277 – 297

Helical; Name=7; Potential

Topological domain

298 – 333

Cytoplasmic Potential

Amino acid modifications

Glycosylation

N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential

Glycosylation

178

N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential

Natural variations

Natural variant

A → P. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs713598 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_017860

Natural variant

262

A → V. Ref.1 Ref.4 Ref.5
Corresponds to variant rs1726866 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_017861

Natural variant

296

I → V. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs10246939 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_017862

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

186

I → N in AAM19322. Ref.1

Sequences

Sequence

Length

Mass (Da)

Tools

P59533 [UniParc].

Last modified June 21, 2005. Version 3.
Checksum: E3B5EDD5AB99994C
Show »

FASTA

333

37,892

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MLTLTRIRTV SYEVRSTFLF ISVLEFAVGF LTNAFVFLVN FWDVVKRQAL SNSDCVLLCL 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
SISRLFLHGL LFLSAIQLTH FQKLSEPLNH SYQAIIMLWM IANQANLWLA ACLSLLYCSK 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
LIRFSHTFLI CLASWVSRKI SQMLLGIILC SCICTVLCVW CFFSRPHFTV TTVLFMNNNT 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
RLNWQIKDLN LFYSFLFCYL WSVPPFLLFL VSSGMLTVSL GRHMRTMKVY TRNSRDPSLE 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
AHIKALKSLV SFFCFFVISS CAAFISVPLL ILWRDKIGVM VCVGIMAACP SGHAAILISG 

       310        320        330 
NAKLRRAVMT ILLWAQSSLK VRADHKADSR TLC

« Hide

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides." Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W. Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002) [PubMed: 12379855] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT VAL-262.
[2]	"Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family." Conte C., Ebeling M., Marcuz A., Nef P., Andres-Barquin P.J. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 98:45-53(2002) [PubMed: 12584440] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide." Kim U.-K., Jorgenson E., Coon H., Leppert M., Risch N., Drayna D.T. Science 299:1221-1225(2003) [PubMed: 12595690] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS PRO-49 AND VAL-296.
[4]	"Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes." Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paeaebo S. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005) [PubMed: 15496549] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT VAL-262.
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT VAL-262.
[6]	"Receptors for bitter and sweet taste." Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002) [PubMed: 12139982] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[7]	"Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction." Margolskee R.F. J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002) [PubMed: 11696554] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[8]	"Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways." Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D., Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J. Cell 112:293-301(2003) [PubMed: 12581520] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

A tail of protection - Issue 119 of July 2010

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF494231 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAM19322.1. AY114095 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAM63545.1. AY258598 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAP14667.1. AY724960 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAU21156.1. BC104933 mRNA. Translation: AAI04934.1. BC104937 mRNA. Translation: AAI04938.1.
IPI	IPI00249602.
RefSeq	NP_789787.4. NM_176817.4.
UniGene	Hs.647085.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P59533.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	P59533.
Protein family/group databases
GPCRDB	Search...
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	68068016.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P59533.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000333797; ENSP00000331291; ENSG00000183609.
GeneID	5726.
KEGG	hsa:5726.
UCSC	uc003vwx.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	5726.
GeneCards	GC07M141672.
H-InvDB	HIX0033729.
HGNC	HGNC:9584. TAS2R38.
MIM	171200. phenotype. 607751. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P59533.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	HBG126681.
HOVERGEN	HBG098741.
InParanoid	P59533.
OMA	SLLYCSK.
OrthoDB	EOG4D7Z6B.
PhylomeDB	P59533.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P59533.
CleanEx	HS_TAS2R38.
Genevestigator	P59533.
GermOnline	ENSG00000183609. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007960. TAS2_rcpt. [Graphical view]
KO	K08474.
Pfam	PF05296. TAS2R. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	22262.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

T2R38_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P59533
Secondary accession number(s): P59552

Q86UK3

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	June 21, 2005
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 90 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.