Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P56828 (IFNT1_SHEEP)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Interferon tau-1
      Short name=IFN-tau1
Alternative name(s):
    Trophoblast protein 1
      Short name=TP-1
    Trophoblastin
    Antiluteolysin
    Trophoblast antiluteolytic protein

Gene names

Name:	IFNT1
Synonyms:	OTP

Organism

Ovis aries (Sheep)

Taxonomic identifier

9940 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Laurasiatheria › Cetartiodactyla › Ruminantia › Pecora › Bovidae › Caprinae › Ovis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	195 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Paracrine hormone primarily responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy. Interacts with endometrial receptors, probably type I interferon receptors, and blocks estrogen receptor expression, preventing the estrogen-induced increase in oxytocin receptor expression in the endometrium. This results in the suppression of the pulsatile endometrial release of the luteolytic hormone prostaglandin F2-alpha, hindering the regression of the corpus luteum (luteolysis) and therefore a return to ovarian cyclicity. This, and a possible direct effect of IFN-tau on prostaglandin synthesis, leads in turn to continued ovarian progesterone secretion, which stimulates the secretion by the endometrium of the nutrients required for the growth of the conceptus. In summary, displays particularly high antiviral and antiproliferative potency concurrently with particular weak cytotoxicity, high antiluteolytic activity and immunomodulatory properties. In contrast with other IFNs, IFN-tau is not virally inducible.
Subcellular location	Secreted. Note= Secreted into the uterine lumen.
Tissue specificity	Constitutively and exclusively expressed in the mononuclear cells of the extraembryonic trophectoderm.
Developmental stage	Major secretory product synthesized by the sheep conceptus between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy.
Miscellaneous	IFN-tau genes are intronless. They evolved from IFN-omega genes in the ruminantia suborder and have continued to duplicate independently in different lineages of the ruminantia. They encode for proteins very similar in sequence but with different biological potency and pattern of expression.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family. IFN-alphaII subfamily.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Antiviral defense Pregnancy
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Cytokine Hormone
Technical term	3D-structure
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	defense response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro female pregnancy Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW response to virus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	extracellular space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro hormone activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 23

23

By similarity

Chain

24 – 195

172

Interferon tau-1

PRO_0000016413

Amino acid modifications

Disulfide bond

24 ↔ 122

Disulfide bond

52 ↔ 162

Secondary structure

1

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195

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Helix

27 – 46

20

Helix

64 – 68

5

Helix

73 – 95

23

Helix

103 – 122

20

Helix

138 – 156

19

Turn

157 – 159

3

Helix

161 – 186

26

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P56828-1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 30, 2000. Version 1. Checksum: A4965AE25DEA5BC9	FASTA	195	22,193
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAFVLSLLMA LVLVSYGPGG SLGCYLSRKL MLDARENLKL LDRMNRLSPH SCLQDRKDFG 70 80 90 100 110 120 LPQEMVEGDQ LQKDQAFPVL YEMLQQSFNL FYTEHSSAAW DTTLLEQLCT GLQQQLDHLD 130 140 150 160 170 180 TCRGQVMGEE DSELGNMDPI VTVKKYFQGI YDYLQEKGYS DCAWEIVRVE MMRALTVSTT 190 LQKRLTKMGG DLNSP

References

[1]	"Interferon-like sequence of ovine trophoblast protein secreted by embryonic trophectoderm." Imakawa K., Antony R.V., Kazemi M., Marotti K.R., Polites H.G., Roberts R.M. Nature 330:377-379(1987) [PubMed: 2446135] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Trophoblast.
[2]	"Ovine interferon tau suppresses transcription of the estrogen receptor and oxytocin receptor genes in the ovine endometrium." Spencer T.E., Bazer F.W. Endocrinology 137:1144-1147(1996) [PubMed: 8603586] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[3]	"Predicted structural motif of IFN tau." Jarpe M.A., Johnson H.M., Bazer F.W., Ott T.L., Curto E.V., Krishna N.R., Pontzer C.H. Protein Eng. 7:863-867(1994) [PubMed: 7971949] [Abstract] Cited for: CIRCULAR DICHROISM ANALYSIS, 3D-STRUCTURE MODELING.
[4]	"A three-dimensional model of interferon-tau." Senda T., Saitoh S., Mitsui Y., Li J., Roberts R.M. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 15:1053-1060(1995) [PubMed: 8746786] [Abstract] Cited for: 3D-STRUCTURE MODELING.
[5]	"IFN-tau: a novel subtype I IFN1. Structural characteristics, non-ubiquitous expression, structure-function relationships, a pregnancy hormonal embryonic signal and cross-species therapeutic potentialities." Martal J.L., Chene N.M., Huynh L.P., L'Haridon R.M., Reinaud P.B., Guillomot M.W., Charlier M.A., Charpigny S.Y. Biochimie 80:755-777(1998) [PubMed: 9865498] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[6]	"Crystal structure of ovine interferon-tau at 2.1 A resolution." Radhakrishnan R., Walter L.J., Subramaniam P.S., Johnson H.M., Walter M.R. J. Mol. Biol. 286:151-162(1999) [PubMed: 9931256] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.1 ANGSTROMS) OF 24-195, DISULFIDE BONDS.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBLGenBankDDBJ

Y00287 mRNA. Translation: CAA68396.1.

RefSeq

NP_001116871.1.

3D structure databases

PDBMSD

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1B5L	X-ray	2.10	A	24-195	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

GeneID

100144750.

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGEN

P56828.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR012351. 4_helix_cytokine_core.
IPR000471. Interferon_abd.
[Graphical view]

Gene3D

G3DSA:1.20.1250.10. 4_helix_cytokine_core. 1 hit.

PANTHER

PTHR11691. Interferon_abd. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF00143. Interferon. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PRINTS

PR00266. INTERFERONAB.

ProDom

PD000550. Interferon_abd. 1 hit.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]

SMART

SM00076. IFabd. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PROSITE

PS00252. INTERFERON_A_B_D. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

IFNT1_SHEEP

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P56828
Secondary accession number(s): P08316

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 1, 1988
Last sequence update:	May 30, 2000
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 62 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)