P56645 (PER3_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Period circadian protein homolog 3
Short name=hPER3

Alternative name(s):
Cell growth-inhibiting gene 13 protein
Circadian clock protein PERIOD 3

Gene names

Name:	PER3
ORF Names:	GIG13

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	1201 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Component of the circadian clock mechanism which is essential for generating circadian rhythms. Can bind heme.
Subunit structure	Homodimer. Component of the circadian core oscillator, which includes the CRY proteins, CLOCK or NPAS2, BMAL1 or BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS and the PER proteins. Interacts directly with PER1, PER2, CRY1, CRY2, and TIMELESS. Interaction with CSNK1D or CSKN1E promotes nuclear location of PER proteins By similarity.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity. Nucleus By similarity. Note: Mainly cytoplasmic. Translocates to the nucleus through binding PER1, PER2, CRY1 or CRY2, but not TIMELESS By similarity.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylation appears to require association with PER1 and translocation to the nucleus By similarity. Ubiquitinated By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 PAC (PAS-associated C-terminal) domain. Contains 2 PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) domains.
Sequence caution	The sequence BAB32925.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Biological rhythms Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Nucleus
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Repeat
PTM	Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	circadian rhythm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara transcription, DNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	signal transducer activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: P56645-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: P56645-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     197-197: R → RA
     499-499: G → GGESANGG
     954-954: Y → YQ

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 1201	1201	Period circadian protein homolog 3		PRO_0000162633
Regions
	Domain	121 – 188	68	PAS 1
	Domain	262 – 328	67	PAS 2
	Domain	337 – 380	44	PAC
	Region	502 – 731	230	CSNK1E binding domain By similarity
	Region	1123 – 1201	79	CRY binding domain By similarity
	Motif	400 – 412	13	Nuclear export signal By similarity
	Motif	729 – 745	17	Nuclear localization signal By similarity
	Compositional bias	567 – 570	4	Poly-Ser
	Compositional bias	750 – 753	4	Poly-Ser
	Compositional bias	769 – 895	127	Pro-rich
	Compositional bias	962 – 1081	120	Ser-rich
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	197	1	R → RA in isoform 2.		VSP_040326
	Alternative sequence	499	1	G → GGESANGG in isoform 2.		VSP_040327
	Alternative sequence	954	1	Y → YQ in isoform 2.		VSP_040328
	Natural variant	639	1	V → G Associated with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Ref.1 Ref.5 Corresponds to variant rs10462020 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_025532
	Natural variant	827	1	L → P. Ref.1 Corresponds to variant rs228696 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_022428
	Natural variant	856	1	P → A. Ref.1 Corresponds to variant rs228697 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_015514
	Natural variant	1007	1	A → T. Corresponds to variant rs1776342 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_028728
	Natural variant	1010	1	T → I. Corresponds to variant rs12033719 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_028729
	Natural variant	1028	1	M → T. Ref.1 Corresponds to variant rs2640909 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_025533
	Natural variant	1081	1	S → C. Corresponds to variant rs2640905 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_028730
	Natural variant	1149	1	H → R. Ref.1 Corresponds to variant rs10462021 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_025534
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	943	1	Q → R in BAB32925. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified January 11, 2011. Version 4. Checksum: 8129C4246EDD1816	FASTA	1,201	131,888
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPRGEAPGPG RRGAKDEALG EESGERWSPE FHLQRKLADS SHSEQQDRNR VSEELIMVVQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 EMKKYFPSER RNKPSTLDAL NYALRCVHSV QANSEFFQIL SQNGAPQADV SMYSLEELAT 130 140 150 160 170 180 IASEHTSKNT DTFVAVFSFL SGRLVHISEQ AALILNRKKD VLASSHFVDL LAPQDMRVFY 190 200 210 220 230 240 AHTARAQLPF WNNWTQRAAR YECAPVKPFF CRIRGGEDRK QEKCHSPFRI IPYLIHVHHP 250 260 270 280 290 300 AQPELESEPC CLTVVEKIHS GYEAPRIPVN KRIFTTTHTP GCVFLEVDEK AVPLLGYLPQ 310 320 330 340 350 360 DLIGTSILSY LHPEDRSLMV AIHQKVLKYA GHPPFEHSPI RFCTQNGDYI ILDSSWSSFV 370 380 390 400 410 420 NPWSRKISFI IGRHKVRTSP LNEDVFATKI KKMNDNDKDI TELQEQIYKL LLQPVHVSVS 430 440 450 460 470 480 SGYGSLGSSG SQEQLVSIAS SSEASGHRVE ETKAEQMTLQ QVYASVNKIK NLGQQLYIES 490 500 510 520 530 540 MTKSSFKPVT GTRTEPNGGG ECKTFTSFHQ TLKNNSVYTE PCEDLRNDEH SPSYQQINCI 550 560 570 580 590 600 DSVIRYLKSY NIPALKRKCI SCTNTTSSSS EEDKQNHKAD DVQALQAGLQ IPAIPKSEMP 610 620 630 640 650 660 TNGRSIDTGG GAPQILSTAM LSLGSGISQC GYSSTIVHVP PPETARDATL FCEPWTLNMQ 670 680 690 700 710 720 PAPLTSEEFK HVGLTAAVLS AHTQKEEQNY VDKFREKILS SPYSSYLQQE SRSKAKYSYF 730 740 750 760 770 780 QGDSTSKQTR SAGCRKGKHK RKKLPEPPDS SSSNTGSGPR RGAHQNAQPC CPSAASSPHT 790 800 810 820 830 840 SSPTFPPAAM VPSQAPYLVP AFPLPAATSP GREYAAPGTA PEGLHGLPLS EGLQPYPAFP 850 860 870 880 890 900 FPYLDTFMTV FLPDPPVCPL LSPSFLPCPF LGATASSAIS PSMSSAMSPT LDPPPSVTSQ 910 920 930 940 950 960 RREEEKWEAQ SEGHPFITSR SSSPLQLNLL QEEMPRPSES PDQMRRNTCP QTEYCVTGNN 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 GSESSPATTG ALSTGSPPRE NPSHPTASAL STGSPPMKNP SHPTASALST GSPPMKNPSH 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 PTASTLSMGL PPSRTPSHPT ATVLSTGSPP SESPSRTGSA ASGSSDSSIY LTSSVYSSKI 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 SQNGQQSQDV QKKETFPNVA EEPIWRMIRQ TPERILMTYQ VPERVKEVVL KEDLEKLESM 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 RQQQPQFSHG QKEELAKVYN WIQSQTVTQE IDIQACVTCE NEDSADGAAT SCGQVLVEDS C
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: D63BD326292813F6	FASTA	1,210	132,660
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPRGEAPGPG RRGAKDEALG EESGERWSPE FHLQRKLADS SHSEQQDRNR VSEELIMVVQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 EMKKYFPSER RNKPSTLDAL NYALRCVHSV QANSEFFQIL SQNGAPQADV SMYSLEELAT 130 140 150 160 170 180 IASEHTSKNT DTFVAVFSFL SGRLVHISEQ AALILNRKKD VLASSHFVDL LAPQDMRVFY 190 200 210 220 230 240 AHTARAQLPF WNNWTQRAAA RYECAPVKPF FCRIRGGEDR KQEKCHSPFR IIPYLIHVHH 250 260 270 280 290 300 PAQPELESEP CCLTVVEKIH SGYEAPRIPV NKRIFTTTHT PGCVFLEVDE KAVPLLGYLP 310 320 330 340 350 360 QDLIGTSILS YLHPEDRSLM VAIHQKVLKY AGHPPFEHSP IRFCTQNGDY IILDSSWSSF 370 380 390 400 410 420 VNPWSRKISF IIGRHKVRTS PLNEDVFATK IKKMNDNDKD ITELQEQIYK LLLQPVHVSV 430 440 450 460 470 480 SSGYGSLGSS GSQEQLVSIA SSSEASGHRV EETKAEQMTL QQVYASVNKI KNLGQQLYIE 490 500 510 520 530 540 SMTKSSFKPV TGTRTEPNGG GESANGGGEC KTFTSFHQTL KNNSVYTEPC EDLRNDEHSP 550 560 570 580 590 600 SYQQINCIDS VIRYLKSYNI PALKRKCISC TNTTSSSSEE DKQNHKADDV QALQAGLQIP 610 620 630 640 650 660 AIPKSEMPTN GRSIDTGGGA PQILSTAMLS LGSGISQCGY SSTIVHVPPP ETARDATLFC 670 680 690 700 710 720 EPWTLNMQPA PLTSEEFKHV GLTAAVLSAH TQKEEQNYVD KFREKILSSP YSSYLQQESR 730 740 750 760 770 780 SKAKYSYFQG DSTSKQTRSA GCRKGKHKRK KLPEPPDSSS SNTGSGPRRG AHQNAQPCCP 790 800 810 820 830 840 SAASSPHTSS PTFPPAAMVP SQAPYLVPAF PLPAATSPGR EYAAPGTAPE GLHGLPLSEG 850 860 870 880 890 900 LQPYPAFPFP YLDTFMTVFL PDPPVCPLLS PSFLPCPFLG ATASSAISPS MSSAMSPTLD 910 920 930 940 950 960 PPPSVTSQRR EEEKWEAQSE GHPFITSRSS SPLQLNLLQE EMPRPSESPD QMRRNTCPQT 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 EYQCVTGNNG SESSPATTGA LSTGSPPREN PSHPTASALS TGSPPMKNPS HPTASALSTG 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 SPPMKNPSHP TASTLSMGLP PSRTPSHPTA TVLSTGSPPS ESPSRTGSAA SGSSDSSIYL 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 TSSVYSSKIS QNGQQSQDVQ KKETFPNVAE EPIWRMIRQT PERILMTYQV PERVKEVVLK 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 EDLEKLESMR QQQPQFSHGQ KEELAKVYNW IQSQTVTQEI DIQACVTCEN EDSADGAATS 1210 CGQVLVEDSC

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Association of structural polymorphisms in the human period3 gene with delayed sleep phase syndrome." Ebisawa T., Uchiyama M., Kajimura N., Mishima K., Kamei Y., Katoh M., Watanabe T., Sekimoto M., Shibui K., Kim K., Kudo Y., Ozeki Y., Sugishita M., Toyoshima R., Inoue Y., Yamada N., Nagase T., Ozaki N. , Ohara O., Ishida N., Okawa M., Takahashi K., Yamauchi T. EMBO Rep. 2:342-346(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 44-91 AND 724-882 (ISOFORMS 1/2), VARIANTS GLY-639; PRO-827; ALA-856; THR-1028 AND ARG-1149.
[2]	Rhodes S., Huckle E. Submitted (FEB-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[3]	"Identification of a growth inhibition gene." Kim J.W. Submitted (DEC-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[4]	"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. , Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R. Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"Circadian clock-related polymorphisms in seasonal affective disorder and their relevance to diurnal preference." Johansson C., Willeit M., Smedh C., Ekholm J., Paunio T., Kieseppa T., Lichtermann D., Praschak-Rieder N., Neumeister A., Nilsson L.G., Kasper S., Peltonen L., Adolfsson R., Schalling M., Partonen T. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:734-739(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT GLY-639.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AB047521 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63250.1. AB047530 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63251.1. AB047531 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63252.1. AB047532 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63253.1. AB047533 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63254.1. AB047534 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63255.1. AB047686 mRNA. Translation: BAB32925.2. Different initiation. AL157954 mRNA. Translation: CAB76084.1. AY493418 mRNA. Translation: AAS72879.1. Z98884 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI21435.1. Z98884 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI21436.1.
IPI	IPI00604502. IPI00828102.
RefSeq	NP_058515.1. NM_016831.1.
UniGene	Hs.162200.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P56645.
SMR	P56645. Positions 36-415.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	P56645. 2 interactions.
MINT	MINT-8052823.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000355031.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P56645.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	66774152.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P56645.
PRIDE	P56645.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	8863.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000361923; ENSP00000355031; ENSG00000049246. ENST00000377532; ENSP00000366755; ENSG00000049246.
GeneID	8863.
KEGG	hsa:8863.
UCSC	uc001aoo.3. human. uc001aop.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	8863.
GeneCards	GC01P007778.
HGNC	HGNC:8847. PER3.
HPA	HPA019530.
MIM	603427. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P56645.
PharmGKB	PA33186.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG269786.
HOVERGEN	HBG008167.
KO	K02633.
OMA	FKHVGLT.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P56645.
Bgee	P56645.
CleanEx	HS_PER3.
Genevestigator	P56645.
GermOnline	ENSG00000049246. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001610. PAC. IPR000014. PAS. IPR013655. PAS_fold_3. IPR022728. Period_circadian-like_C. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF08447. PAS_3. 1 hit. PF12114. Period_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00086. PAC. 1 hit. SM00091. PAS. 2 hits. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF55785. SSF55785. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50113. PAC. False negative. PS50112. PAS. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
ChiTaRS	PER3. human.
GenomeRNAi	8863.
NextBio	33281.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PER3_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P56645
Secondary accession number(s): Q5H8X4 , Q5H8X5, Q969K6, Q96S77, Q96S78, Q9C0J3, Q9NSP9, Q9UGU8

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 15, 1999
Last sequence update:	January 11, 2011
Last modified:	May 29, 2013
This is version 119 of the entry and version 4 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.