P55040 (GEM_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
GTP-binding protein GEM

Alternative name(s):
GTP-binding mitogen-induced T-cell protein
RAS-like protein KIR

Gene names

Name:	GEM
Synonyms:	KIR

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	296 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Could be a regulatory protein, possibly participating in receptor-mediated signal transduction at the plasma membrane. Has guanine nucleotide-binding activity but undetectable intrinsic GTPase activity.
Subunit structure	Interacts with calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Binds ROCK1. Ref.6 Ref.7
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side.
Tissue specificity	Most abundant in thymus, spleen, kidney, lung, and testis. Less abundant in heart, brain, liver and skeletal muscle.
Induction	By mitogens.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. RGK family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cell membrane Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	Calmodulin-binding GTP-binding Nucleotide-binding
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cell surface receptor signaling pathway Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc immune response Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc small GTPase mediated signal transduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Cellular_component	internal side of plasma membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: BHF-UCL nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Molecular_function	GDP binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17052716PubMed 17107948. Source: BHF-UCL GTP binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17107948. Source: BHF-UCL GTPase activity Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17107948. Source: BHF-UCL magnesium ion binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17107948. Source: BHF-UCL
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
TRIM23	P36406	3	EBI-744104,EBI-740098

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 296

296

GTP-binding protein GEM

PRO_0000122475

Regions

Nucleotide binding

82 – 89

8

GTP By similarity

Nucleotide binding

191 – 194

4

GTP By similarity

Region

266 – 285

20

Calmodulin-binding By similarity

Natural variations

Natural variant

43

1

R → G.
Corresponds to variant rs2170363 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_020097

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

159

1

I → V in AAC50067. Ref.2

Sequence conflict

174 – 175

2

QL → HV in AAC50067. Ref.2

Secondary structure

1

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296

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

75 – 82

8

Helix

88 – 96

9

Beta strand

113 – 120

8

Beta strand

123 – 130

8

Turn

133 – 136

4

Helix

137 – 144

8

Helix

146 – 149

4

Beta strand

151 – 158

8

Helix

162 – 178

17

Turn

179 – 181

3

Beta strand

186 – 191

6

Helix

196 – 198

3

Helix

203 – 212

10

Beta strand

216 – 219

4

Turn

222 – 225

4

Helix

228 – 243

16

Helix

246 – 257

12

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P55040 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: B7BB3F2CA96D338F	FASTA	296	33,949
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MTLNNVTMRQ GTVGMQPQQQ RWSIPADGRH LMVQKEPHQY SHRNRHSATP EDHCRRSWSS 70 80 90 100 110 120 DSTDSVISSE SGNTYYRVVL IGEQGVGKST LANIFAGVHD SMDSDCEVLG EDTYERTLMV 130 140 150 160 170 180 DGESATIILL DMWENKGENE WLHDHCMQVG DAYLIVYSIT DRASFEKASE LRIQLRRARQ 190 200 210 220 230 240 TEDIPIILVG NKSDLVRCRE VSVSEGRACA VVFDCKFIET SAAVQHNVKE LFEGIVRQVR 250 260 270 280 290 LRRDSKEKNE RRLAYQKRKE SMPRKARRFW GKIVAKNNKN MAFKLKSKSC HDLSVL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Gem: an induced, immediate early protein belonging to the Ras family." Maguire J., Santoro T., Jensen P., Siebenlist U., Yewdell J., Kelly K. Science 265:241-244(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Peripheral blood.
[2]	"Transcriptional activation of a ras-like gene (kir) by oncogenic tyrosine kinases." Cohen L., Mohr R., Chen Y.-Y., Huang M., Kato R., Dorin D., Tamanoi F., Goga A., Afar D., Rosenberg N., Witte O. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:12448-12452(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[3]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Amygdala.
[4]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[6]	"Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II." Moyers J.S., Bilan P.J., Zhu J., Kahn C.R. J. Biol. Chem. 272:11832-11839(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CALMODULIN.
[7]	"The GTP binding proteins Gem and Rad are negative regulators of the Rho-Rho kinase pathway." Ward Y., Yap S.-F., Ravichandran V., Matsumura F., Ito M., Spinelli B., Kelly K. J. Cell Biol. 157:291-302(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ROCK1.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

U10550 mRNA. Translation: AAA64911.1.
U13052 mRNA. Translation: AAC50067.1.
AK314017 mRNA. Translation: BAG36728.1.
CH471060 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW91709.1.
BC022010 mRNA. Translation: AAH22010.1.

IPI

IPI00022710.

PIR

A54575.
I38745.

RefSeq

NP_005252.1. NM_005261.3.
NP_859053.1. NM_181702.2.

UniGene

Hs.654463.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2CJW	X-ray	2.10	A/B	74-261	[»]
2G3Y	X-ray	2.40	A	62-249	[»]
2HT6	X-ray	2.40	A/B	71-243	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

P55040.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIP

DIP-41587N.

IntAct

P55040. 13 interactions.

MINT

MINT-1468979.

STRING

9606.ENSP00000297596.

PTM databases

PhosphoSite

P55040.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM

1707896.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

P55040.

PRIDE

P55040.

Protocols and materials databases

DNASU

2669.

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000297596; ENSP00000297596; ENSG00000164949.
ENST00000396194; ENSP00000379497; ENSG00000164949.

GeneID

2669.

KEGG

hsa:2669.

UCSC

uc003ygi.3. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

2669.

GeneCards

GC08M095330.

HGNC

HGNC:4234. GEM.

HPA

HPA024798.

MIM

600164. gene.

neXtProt

NX_P55040.

PharmGKB

PA28645.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

COG1100.

HOGENOM

HOG000246961.

HOVERGEN

HBG104899.

InParanoid

P55040.

KO

K07846.

OMA

APEDHCR.

OrthoDB

EOG49KFR5.

PhylomeDB

P55040.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P55040.

Bgee

P55040.

CleanEx

HS_GEM.

Genevestigator

P55040.

GermOnline

ENSG00000164949. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR005225. Small_GTP-bd_dom.
IPR001806. Small_GTPase.
IPR017358. Small_GTPase_GEM/REM/Rad.
IPR020849. Small_GTPase_Ras.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR24070. PTHR24070. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF00071. Ras. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PIRSF

PIRSF038017. GTP-binding_GEM. 1 hit.

PRINTS

PR00449. RASTRNSFRMNG.

TIGRFAMs

TIGR00231. small_GTP. 1 hit.

PROSITE

PS51421. RAS. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

EvolutionaryTrace

P55040.

GenomeRNAi

2669.

NextBio

10532.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

GEM_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P55040
Secondary accession number(s): B2RA31

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1996
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1996
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 132 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.