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P54886 (P5CS_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified January 25, 2012. Version 129. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (7) | Third-party data text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
to top of pageNames·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase

Short name=P5CS
Alternative name(s):
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 18 member A1

Including the following 2 domains:

  1. Glutamate 5-kinase
    Short name=GK
    EC=2.7.2.11
    Alternative name(s):
    Gamma-glutamyl kinase
  2. Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase
    Short name=GPR
    EC=1.2.1.41
    Alternative name(s):
    Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
    Glutamyl-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
Gene names
Name:ALDH18A1
Synonyms:GSAS, P5CS, PYCS
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length795 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Catalytic activity

ATP + L-glutamate = ADP + L-glutamate 5-phosphate.

L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP+ = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH.

Enzyme regulation

Isoform Short is inhibited by L-ornithine with a Ki of approximately 0.25 mm. Isoform Long is insensitive to ornithine inhibition. This is due to the two amino acid insert which abolishes feedback inhibition of P5CS activity by L-ornithine. Ref.2

Pathway

Amino-acid biosynthesis; L-proline biosynthesis; L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-glutamate: step 1/2.

Amino-acid biosynthesis; L-proline biosynthesis; L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-glutamate: step 2/2.

Subcellular location

Mitochondrion inner membrane.

Involvement in disease

Defects in ALDH18A1 are the cause of mental retardation-joint hypermobility-skin laxity with or without metabolic abnormalities (MRJHSL) [MIM:612652]. Clinical manifestations include microcephaly, progressive neurologic dysfunction, mental retardation, progeroid appearance, joint hypermobility, skin laxity and hyperelasticity, cataracts. Some patients manifest metabolic disturbances such as hyperammonemia, hypoornithinemia, hypocitrullinemia, hypoargininemia and hypoprolinemia. Ref.8 Ref.9

Sequence similarities

In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glutamate 5-kinase family.

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase family.

Sequence caution

The sequence BAH12086.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.

The sequence BAH13064.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform Long (identifier: P54886-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform Short (identifier: P54886-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     239-240: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 795795Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase
PRO_0000109769

Regions

Region1 – 361361Glutamate 5-kinase
Region362 – 795434Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase

Natural variations

Alternative sequence239 – 2402Missing in isoform Short.
VSP_005215
Natural variant841R → Q in MRJHSL; with metabolic disturbances; reduction of activity. Ref.8
VAR_038482
Natural variant2991T → I. Ref.3 Ref.6
Corresponds to variant rs2275272 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_051792
Natural variant3721S → Y. Ref.6
Corresponds to variant rs3765571 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_051793
Natural variant7841H → Y in MRJHSL; without metabolic disturbances; does not affect proline and ornithine biosynthetic activity. Ref.9
VAR_058006

Experimental info

Sequence conflict871E → K in BAG35201. Ref.3
Sequence conflict1261R → T in CAA64224. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2661S → P in CAA64224. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2991T → P in CAA64224. Ref.1
Sequence conflict305 – 3073MGG → NGC in CAA64224. Ref.1
Sequence conflict314 – 3152AA → ST in CAA64224. Ref.1
Sequence conflict487 – 4937LPQVAAL → PTPGGSF in CAA64224. Ref.1

Secondary structure

..................................................................... 795
Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform Long [UniParc].

Last modified May 30, 2000. Version 2.
Checksum: 8BF27EF2A8FB2D79

FASTA79587,302
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MLSQVYRCGF QPFNQHLLPW VKCTTVFRSH CIQPSVIRHV RSWSNIPFIT VPLSRTHGKS 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
FAHRSELKHA KRIVVKLGSA VVTRGDECGL ALGRLASIVE QVSVLQNQGR EMMLVTSGAV 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
AFGKQRLRHE ILLSQSVRQA LHSGQNQLKE MAIPVLEARA CAAAGQSGLM ALYEAMFTQY 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
SICAAQILVT NLDFHDEQKR RNLNGTLHEL LRMNIVPIVN TNDAVVPPAE PNSDLQGVNV 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
ISVKDNDSLA ARLAVEMKTD LLIVLSDVEG LFDSPPGSDD AKLIDIFYPG DQQSVTFGTK 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
SRVGMGGMEA KVKAALWALQ GGTSVVIANG THPKVSGHVI TDIVEGKKVG TFFSEVKPAG 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
PTVEQQGEMA RSGGRMLATL EPEQRAEIIH HLADLLTDQR DEILLANKKD LEEAEGRLAA 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
PLLKRLSLST SKLNSLAIGL RQIAASSQDS VGRVLRRTRI AKNLELEQVT VPIGVLLVIF 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
ESRPDCLPQV AALAIASGNG LLLKGGKEAA HSNRILHLLT QEALSIHGVK EAVQLVNTRE 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
EVEDLCRLDK MIDLIIPRGS SQLVRDIQKA AKGIPVMGHS EGICHMYVDS EASVDKVTRL 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
VRDSKCEYPA ACNALETLLI HRDLLRTPLF DQIIDMLRVE QVKIHAGPKF ASYLTFSPSE 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
VKSLRTEYGD LELCIEVVDN VQDAIDHIHK YGSSHTDVIV TEDENTAEFF LQHVDSACVF 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
WNASTRFSDG YRFGLGAEVG ISTSRIHARG PVGLEGLLTT KWLLRGKDHV VSDFSEHGSL 

       790 
KYLHENLPIP QRNTN 

« Hide

Isoform Short [UniParc].

Checksum: 550F0B435805C0CA
Show »

FASTA79387,089

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Database cloning human delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) cDNA: a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing the first 2 steps in proline biosynthesis."
Aral B., Schlenzig J.S., Liu G., Kamoun P.
C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie 319:171-178(1996) [PubMed: 8761662] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG).
Tissue: Kidney.
[2]"Molecular enzymology of mammalian delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. Alternative splice donor utilization generates isoforms with different sensitivity to ornithine inhibition."
Hu C.A., Lin W.-W., Obie C., Valle D.
J. Biol. Chem. 274:6754-6762(1999) [PubMed: 10037775] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS LONG AND SHORT), ENZYME REGULATION.
Tissue: Small intestine.
[3]"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. expand/collapse author list , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG), VARIANT ILE-299.
Tissue: Brain and Hippocampus.
[4]"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10."
Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., Taylor A., Battles J. expand/collapse author list , Bird C.P., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ashwell R.I.S., Ambrose K.D., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Banerjee R., Bates K., Beasley H., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Cahill P., Camire D., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Corby N., Coulson A., Dhami P., Dutta I., Dunn M., Faulkner L., Frankish A., Frankland J.A., Garner P., Garnett J., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gustafson E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E., Heath P.D., Ho T.P., Hopkins B., Horne J., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hynds C., Johnson C., Johnson D., Kana A., Kay M., Kimberley A.M., Kershaw J.K., Kokkinaki M., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lee H.M., Leongamornlert D.A., Laird G., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., McLaren S., McLay K.E., McMurray A., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Milne S., Nickerson T., Nguyen M., Overton-Larty E., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Porter K., Rice C.M., Rogosin A., Ross M.T., Sarafidou T., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Standring L., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thorpe A., Torcasso W., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tsolas J., Wall M., Walsh J., Wang H., Weinstock K., West A.P., Willey D.L., Whitehead S.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Young L., Chen Y., Lovering R.C., Moschonas N.K., Siebert R., Fechtel K., Bentley D., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Doucette-Stamm L., Beck S., Smith D.R., Rogers J.
Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed: 15164054] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. expand/collapse author list , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.
Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS LONG AND SHORT), VARIANTS ILE-299 AND TYR-372.
Tissue: Brain and Uterus.
[7]"Initial characterization of the human central proteome."
Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.
BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed: 21269460] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[8]"Hyperammonemia with reduced ornithine, citrulline, arginine and proline: a new inborn error caused by a mutation in the gene encoding delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase."
Baumgartner M.R., Hu C.A., Almashanu S., Steel G., Obie C., Aral B., Rabier D., Kamoun P., Saudubray J.-M., Valle D.
Hum. Mol. Genet. 9:2853-2858(2000) [PubMed: 11092761] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT MRJHSL GLN-84, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT MRJHSL GLN-84.
[9]"A missense mutation in ALDH18A1, encoding Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), causes an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous syndrome."
Bicknell L.S., Pitt J., Aftimos S., Ramadas R., Maw M.A., Robertson S.P.
Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 16:1176-1186(2008) [PubMed: 18478038] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT MRJHSL TYR-784, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT MRJHSL TYR-784.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
X94453 mRNA. Translation: CAA64224.1.
U76542 mRNA. Translation: AAD17454.1.
U68758 mRNA. Translation: AAD00169.1.
AK295487 mRNA. Translation: BAH12086.1. Different initiation.
AK299557 mRNA. Translation: BAH13064.1. Different initiation.
AK312271 mRNA. Translation: BAG35201.1.
AL356632 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI16765.1.
AL356632 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI16766.1.
CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49995.1.
CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49994.1.
CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49996.1.
CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49997.1.
BC106054 mRNA. Translation: AAI06055.1.
BC117240 mRNA. Translation: AAI17241.1.
BC117242 mRNA. Translation: AAI17243.1.
BC143930 mRNA. Translation: AAI43931.1.
IPIIPI00008982.
IPI00218547.
RefSeqNP_001017423.1. NM_001017423.1.
NP_002851.2. NM_002860.3.
UniGeneHs.500645.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj
EntryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
2H5GX-ray2.25A/B362-795[»]
ProteinModelPortalP54886.
SMRP54886. Positions 69-357, 362-794.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActP54886. 7 interactions.
STRINGP54886.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteP54886.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM6226882.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEP54886.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENST00000371224; ENSP00000360268; ENSG00000059573.
GeneID5832.
KEGGhsa:5832.
NMPDRfig|9606.3.peg.4399.
UCSCuc001kkz.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD5832.
GeneCardsGC10M097355.
H-InvDBHIX0201510.
HGNCHGNC:9722. ALDH18A1.
HPAHPA008333.
HPA012604.
MIM138250. gene.
612652. phenotype.
neXtProtNX_P54886.
Orphanet168978. Neurocutaneous syndrome, Bicknell type.
PharmGKBPA34065.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGprNOG05292.
GeneTreeENSGT00500000044903.
HOVERGENHBG007911.
InParanoidP54886.
OMAHVDSACV.
OrthoDBEOG4ZKJKN.
PhylomeDBP54886.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCycMetaCyc:MONOMER-11424.
ReactomeREACT_111217. Metabolism.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP54886.
BgeeP54886.
CleanExHS_ALDH18A1.
GenevestigatorP54886.
GermOnlineENSG00000059573. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR016161. Ald_DH/histidinol_DH.
IPR016163. Ald_DH_C.
IPR016162. Ald_DH_N.
IPR015590. Aldehyde_DH_dom.
IPR001048. Asp/Glu/Uridylate_kinase.
IPR000965. G-glutamylP_reductase.
IPR020593. G-glutamylP_reductase_CS.
IPR001057. Glu/AcGlu_kinase.
IPR019797. Glutamate_5-kinase_CS.
IPR005766. P5_carboxy_syn.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:3.40.1160.10. Aa_kinase. 1 hit.
G3DSA:3.40.309.10. Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_C. 1 hit.
G3DSA:3.40.605.10. Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_N. 2 hits.
KOK12657.
PfamPF00696. AA_kinase. 1 hit.
PF00171. Aldedh. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PIRSFPIRSF036429. P5C_syn. 1 hit.
PRINTSPR00474. GLU5KINASE.
SUPFAMSSF53633. Aa_kinase. 1 hit.
SSF53720. Aldehyde_DH/Histidinol_DH. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMsTIGR01092. P5CS. 1 hit.
TIGR00407. ProA. 1 hit.
PROSITEPS00902. GLUTAMATE_5_KINASE. 1 hit.
PS01223. PROA. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other

DrugBankDB00142. L-Glutamic Acid.
NextBio22726.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry nameP5CS_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P54886
Secondary accession number(s): B2R5Q4 expand/collapse secondary AC list , B7Z350, B7Z5X8, B7ZLP1, D3DR44, O95952, Q3KQU2, Q5T566, Q5T567, Q9UM72
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: October 1, 1996
Last sequence update: May 30, 2000
Last modified: January 25, 2012
This is version 129 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 10

Human chromosome 10: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PATHWAY comments

Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families