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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P53667 (LIMK1_HUMAN)

Last modified February 9, 2010. Version 109. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (6) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    LIM domain kinase 1
      Short name=LIMK-1
    EC=2.7.11.1
Gene names
Name: LIMK1
Synonyms: LIMK
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length647 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Protein kinase which regulates actin filament dynamics. Phosphorylates and inactivates the actin binding/depolymerizing factor cofilin, thereby stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton. Isoform 3 has a dominant negative effect on actin cytoskeletal changes. May be involved in brain development. Ref.4 Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12

Catalytic activity

ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.

Subunit structure

Self-associates. The LIM domain interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of NRG1. Binds ROCK1. Interacts with SSH1. Interacts with NISCH By similarity. Interacts with TPPP. Ref.6 Ref.11 Ref.7 Ref.13

Subcellular location

Cytoplasm Ref.4 Ref.12.

Tissue specificity

Highest expression in both adult and fetal nervous system. Detected ubiquitously throughout the different regions of adult brain, with highest levels in the cerebral cortex. Expressed to a lesser extent in heart and skeletal muscle.

Post-translational modification

Autophosphorylated By similarity.

Phosphorylated on serine and/or threonine residues by ROCK1. May be dephosphorylated and inactivated by SSH1.

Involvement in disease

Haploinsufficiency of LIMK1 may be the cause of certain cardiovascular and musculo-skeletal abnormalities observed in Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a rare developmental disorder. It is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving genes from chromosome band 7q11.23.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.

Contains 2 LIM zinc-binding domains.

Contains 1 PDZ (DHR) domain.

Contains 1 protein kinase domain.

Ontologies

Binary interactions

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: P53667-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: P53667-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-14: Missing.
Isoform 3 (identifier: P53667-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     294-305: LRSCSIDRSPGA → FARTWVALSPSA
     306-647: Missing.
Note: May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 647647LIM domain kinase 1
PRO_0000075803

Regions

Domain25 – 7551LIM zinc-binding 1
Domain84 – 13754LIM zinc-binding 2
Domain165 – 25894PDZ
Domain339 – 604266Protein kinase
Nucleotide binding345 – 3539ATP By similarity

Sites

Active site4601 By similarity
Binding site3681ATP By similarity

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue2101Phosphoserine Ref.15
Modified residue2291Phosphothreonine Ref.15
Modified residue2611Phosphothreonine
Modified residue2701Phosphothreonine
Modified residue2961Phosphoserine
Modified residue2981Phosphoserine Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17
Modified residue3021Phosphoserine Ref.16
Modified residue3071Phosphoserine Ref.16
Modified residue3101Phosphoserine Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17
Modified residue3131Phosphoserine
Modified residue3371Phosphoserine Ref.15
Modified residue5081Phosphothreonine; by ROCK1 Ref.11 Ref.7

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 1414Missing in isoform 2.
VSP_003125
Alternative sequence294 – 30512LRSCS…RSPGA → FARTWVALSPSA in isoform 3.
VSP_003126
Alternative sequence306 – 647342Missing in isoform 3.
VSP_003127
Natural variant1901G → A: dbSNP rs35827364. Ref.19
VAR_042246
Natural variant2471S → N: dbSNP rs55661242. Ref.19
VAR_042247
Natural variant4221R → Q: dbSNP rs55679316. Ref.19
VAR_042248
Natural variant5801F → Y: dbSNP rs178412. Ref.2 Ref.3
VAR_050148

Experimental info

Mutagenesis841C → S: Enhances actin aggregation. Ref.4
Mutagenesis177 – 1782GL → EA: Enhances actin aggregation.
Mutagenesis4601D → N: Abrogates kinase activity. Ref.4
Mutagenesis496 – 50611Missing: Reduces actin aggregation. Ref.4
Mutagenesis503 – 5053RKK → GAA: Abolishes kinase activity. Ref.4
Mutagenesis5081T → A: Abolishes activation by ROCK1. Ref.4 Ref.7
Mutagenesis5081T → EE: Enhances kinase activity. Ref.4 Ref.7
Mutagenesis5081T → V or E: Reduces kinase activity. Ref.4 Ref.7

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 1 [UniParc].

Last modified March 7, 2006. Version 3.
Checksum: 9838BEFBE7006447

FASTA64772,585
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MRLTLLCCTW REERMGEEGS ELPVCASCGQ RIYDGQYLQA LNADWHADCF RCCDCSASLS 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
HQYYEKDGQL FCKKDYWARY GESCHGCSEQ ITKGLVMVAG ELKYHPECFI CLTCGTFIGD 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
GDTYTLVEHS KLYCGHCYYQ TVVTPVIEQI LPDSPGSHLP HTVTLVSIPA SSHGKRGLSV 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
SIDPPHGPPG CGTEHSHTVR VQGVDPGCMS PDVKNSIHVG DRILEINGTP IRNVPLDEID 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LLIQETSRLL QLTLEHDPHD TLGHGLGPET SPLSSPAYTP SGEAGSSARQ KPVLRSCSID 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
RSPGAGSLGS PASQRKDLGR SESLRVVCRP HRIFRPSDLI HGEVLGKGCF GQAIKVTHRE 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
TGEVMVMKEL IRFDEETQRT FLKEVKVMRC LEHPNVLKFI GVLYKDKRLN FITEYIKGGT 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
LRGIIKSMDS QYPWSQRVSF AKDIASGMAY LHSMNIIHRD LNSHNCLVRE NKNVVVADFG 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
LARLMVDEKT QPEGLRSLKK PDRKKRYTVV GNPYWMAPEM INGRSYDEKV DVFSFGIVLC 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
EIIGRVNADP DYLPRTMDFG LNVRGFLDRY CPPNCPPSFF PITVRCCDLD PEKRPSFVKL 

       610        620        630        640 
EHWLETLRMH LAGHLPLGPQ LEQLDRGFWE TYRRGESGLP AHPEVPD 

« Hide

Isoform 2.

Checksum: EAF0A3B93916D9FA
Show »

FASTA63370,793
Isoform 3.

Checksum: 65FEF49849CCA142
Show »

FASTA30533,373

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Identification of a human cDNA encoding a novel protein kinase with two repeats of the LIM/double zinc finger motif."
Mizuno K., Okano I., Ohashi K., Nunoue K., Kuma K., Miyata T., Nakamura T.
Oncogene 9:1605-1612(1994) [PubMed: 8183554] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[2]"LIM-kinase1 hemizygosity implicated in impaired visuospatial constructive cognition."
Frangiskakis J.M., Ewart A.K., Morris C.A., Mervis C.B., Bertrand J., Robinson B.F., Klein B.P., Ensing G.J., Everett L.A., Green E.D., Proeschel C., Gutowski N.J., Noble M., Atkinson D.L., Odelberg S.J., Keating M.T.
Cell 86:59-69(1996) [PubMed: 8689688] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), VARIANT TYR-580.
Tissue: Hippocampus and Placenta.
[3]"Identification of genes from a 500-kb region at 7q11.23 that is commonly deleted in Williams syndrome patients."
Osborne L.R., Martindale D.W., Scherer S.W., Shi X.-M., Huizenga J., Heng H.H.Q., Costa T., Pober B., Lew L., Brinkman J., Rommens J., Koop B.F., Tsui L.-C.
Genomics 36:328-336(1996) [PubMed: 8812460] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT TYR-580.
[4]"Structural features of LIM kinase that control effects on the actin cytoskeleton."
Edwards D.C., Gill G.N.
J. Biol. Chem. 274:11352-11361(1999) [PubMed: 10196227] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3), FUNCTION, SELF-ASSOCIATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-84; 177-GLY-LEU-178; ASP-460; 496-ARG--ARG-506; 503-ARG--GLY-505 AND THR-508.
Tissue: Epidermal carcinoma.
[5]"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7."
Hillier L.W., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Graves T.A., Pepin K.H., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Maas J., Jaeger S., Walker R., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., O'Laughlin M.D., Schaller M.E., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L. expand/collapse author list , Nash W.E., Cordes M., Du H., Sun H., Edwards J., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Andrews S., Isak A., Vanbrunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Lamar B., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P., Bielicki L., Scott K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Harris A., Strong C.M., Hou S., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Leonard S., Rohlfing T., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Abbott A., Minx P., Maupin R., Strowmatt C., Latreille P., Miller N., Johnson D., Murray J., Woessner J.P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Schultz B.R., Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Nelson J.O., Berkowicz N., Wohldmann P.E., Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Bedell J.A., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Chissoe S.L., Marra M.A., Raymond C., Haugen E., Gillett W., Zhou Y., James R., Phelps K., Iadanoto S., Bubb K., Simms E., Levy R., Clendenning J., Kaul R., Kent W.J., Furey T.S., Baertsch R.A., Brent M.R., Keibler E., Flicek P., Bork P., Suyama M., Bailey J.A., Portnoy M.E., Torrents D., Chinwalla A.T., Gish W.R., Eddy S.R., McPherson J.D., Olson M.V., Eichler E.E., Green E.D., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K.
Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed: 12853948] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]"Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase."
Maekawa M., Ishizaki T., Boku S., Watanabe N., Fujita A., Iwamatsu A., Obinata T., Ohashi K., Mizuno K., Narumiya S.
Science 285:895-898(1999) [PubMed: 10436159] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH ROCK1.
[7]"Rho-associated kinase ROCK activates LIM-kinase 1 by phosphorylation at threonine 508 within the activation loop."
Ohashi K., Nagata K., Maekawa M., Ishizaki T., Narumiya S., Mizuno K.
J. Biol. Chem. 275:3577-3582(2000) [PubMed: 10652353] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-508, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-508, INTERACTION WITH ROCK1.
[8]"Control of actin reorganization by Slingshot, a family of phosphatases that dephosphorylate ADF/cofilin."
Niwa R., Nagata-Ohashi K., Takeichi M., Mizuno K., Uemura T.
Cell 108:233-246(2002) [PubMed: 11832213] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[9]"Cell cycle-associated changes in Slingshot phosphatase activity and roles in cytokinesis in animal cells."
Kaji N., Ohashi K., Shuin M., Niwa R., Uemura T., Mizuno K.
J. Biol. Chem. 278:33450-33455(2003) [PubMed: 12807904] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]"An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance."
Hillman R.T., Green R.E., Brenner S.E.
Genome Biol. 5:R8.1-R8.16(2004) [PubMed: 14759258] [Abstract]
Cited for: SPLICE ISOFORM(S) THAT ARE POTENTIAL NMD TARGET(S).
[11]"Interplay between components of a novel LIM kinase-slingshot phosphatase complex regulates cofilin."
Soosairajah J., Maiti S., Wiggan O., Sarmiere P., Moussi N., Sarcevic B., Sampath R., Bamburg J.R., Bernard O.
EMBO J. 24:473-486(2005) [PubMed: 15660133] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH SSH1, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-508, DEPHOSPHORYLATION.
[12]"Spatial and temporal regulation of cofilin activity by LIM kinase and Slingshot is critical for directional cell migration."
Nishita M., Tomizawa C., Yamamoto M., Horita Y., Ohashi K., Mizuno K.
J. Cell Biol. 171:349-359(2005) [PubMed: 16230460] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[13]"The phosphorylation of p25/TPPP by LIM kinase 1 inhibits its ability to assemble microtubules."
Acevedo K., Li R., Soo P., Suryadinata R., Sarcevic B., Valova V.A., Graham M.E., Robinson P.J., Bernard O.
Exp. Cell Res. 313:4091-4106(2007) [PubMed: 18028908] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH TPPP.
[14]"Proteomics analysis of protein kinases by target class-selective prefractionation and tandem mass spectrometry."
Wissing J., Jaensch L., Nimtz M., Dieterich G., Hornberger R., Keri G., Wehland J., Daub H.
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:537-547(2007) [PubMed: 17192257] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-298 AND SER-310, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[15]"Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle."
Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M.
Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed: 18691976] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-210; THR-229; SER-298; SER-310 AND SER-337, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[16]"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-302; SER-307 AND SER-310, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[17]"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach."
Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S.
Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed: 19413330] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-298 AND SER-310, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[18]"Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome."
Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G., Mann M., Daub H.
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009) [PubMed: 19369195] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-210; THR-229; THR-261; THR-270; SER-296; SER-298; SER-302; SER-307; SER-310 AND SER-313, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[19]"Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes."
Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. expand/collapse author list , Choudhury B., Clements J., Cole J., Dicks E., Forbes S., Gray K., Halliday K., Harrison R., Hills K., Hinton J., Jenkinson A., Jones D., Menzies A., Mironenko T., Perry J., Raine K., Richardson D., Shepherd R., Small A., Tofts C., Varian J., Webb T., West S., Widaa S., Yates A., Cahill D.P., Louis D.N., Goldstraw P., Nicholson A.G., Brasseur F., Looijenga L., Weber B.L., Chiew Y.-E., DeFazio A., Greaves M.F., Green A.R., Campbell P., Birney E., Easton D.F., Chenevix-Trench G., Tan M.-H., Khoo S.K., Teh B.T., Yuen S.T., Leung S.Y., Wooster R., Futreal P.A., Stratton M.R.
Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed: 17344846] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] ALA-190; ASN-247 AND GLN-422.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
D26309 mRNA. Translation: BAA05371.1.
U62293 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB17545.1.
U62293 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB17546.1.
U63721 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC13885.1.
U63721 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC13886.1.
AF134379 mRNA. Translation: AAD25742.1.
AC005056 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
AC005057 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAS07438.1.
IPIIPI00216433.
IPI00216434.
IPI00291702.
PIRJP0078.
RefSeqNP_002305.1.
UniGeneHs.647035

3D structure databases

SMRP53667. Positions 20-140, 154-277, 335-607, 339-640.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActP53667. 5 interactions.
STRINGP53667.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteP53667.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEP53667.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENST00000336180; ENSP00000336740; ENSG00000106683; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID3984.
KEGGhsa:3984.
UCSCuc003uaa.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD3984.
GeneCardsGC07P073136.
H-InvDBHIX0006762.
HGNCHGNC:6613. LIMK1.
MIM194050. phenotype.
601329. gene.
Orphanet904. Williams syndrome.
PharmGKBPA30386.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGprNOG16629.
HOVERGENP53667.
InParanoidP53667.
PhylomeDBP53667.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA2.7.11.1. 247.
Pathway_Interaction_DBcaspase_pathway. Caspase cascade in apoptosis.
ReactomeREACT_18266. Axon guidance.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP53667.
BgeeP53667.
CleanExHS_LIMK1.
GenevestigatorP53667.
GermOnlineENSG00000106683. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR011009. Kinase-like_dom.
IPR001478. PDZ/DHR/GLGF.
IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom.
IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS.
IPR001781. Znf_LIM.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:2.10.110.10. Znf_LIM. 1 hit.
PfamPF00412. LIM. 2 hits.
PF00595. PDZ. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
SMARTSM00132. LIM. 2 hits.
SM00228. PDZ. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS00478. LIM_DOMAIN_1. 2 hits.
PS50023. LIM_DOMAIN_2. 2 hits.
PS50106. PDZ. 1 hit.
PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit.
PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit.
PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. False negative.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

NextBio15626.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry nameLIMK1_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P53667
Secondary accession number(s): O15283 expand/collapse secondary AC list , Q15820, Q15821, Q75MU3, Q9Y5Q1
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: October 1, 1996
Last sequence update: March 7, 2006
Last modified: February 9, 2010
This is version 109 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

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SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents