Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P53104 (ATG1_YEAST)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1
    EC=2.7.11.1
Alternative name(s):
    Autophagy-related protein 1
    Autophagy protein 3
    Cytoplasm to vacuole targeting protein 10

Gene names

Name:	ATG1
Synonyms:	APG1, AUT3, CVT10
Ordered Locus Names:	YGL180W
ORF Names:	G1615

Organism

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

4932 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Fungi › Dikarya › Ascomycota › Saccharomycotina › Saccharomycetes › Saccharomycetales › Saccharomycetaceae › Saccharomyces

Protein attributes

Sequence length	897 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and found to be essential in autophagy, where it is required for the formation of autophagosomes. ATG1 kinase activity is only essential in the Cvt pathway. Plays a key role in ATG9 and ATG23 cycling through the pre-autophagosomal structure and is necessary to promote ATG18 binding to ATG9. Finally, ATG1 is also required for the maintenance of cell viability under starvation and for glycogen storage during stationary phase.
Catalytic activity	ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
Enzyme regulation	Activated by hypophosphorylated form of ATG13 (present in nitrogen starvation conditions).
Subunit structure	Interacts with ATG13. Interacts also with ATG11 and ATG17.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note= Found in pre-autophagosomal structure and other punctate structures.
Post-translational modification	Autophosphorylated. May be regulated by a second protein kinase. The phosphorylation state may play a role in the induction of protein degradation upon starvation.
Miscellaneous	Present with 1070 molecules/cell in log phase SD medium.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. APG1/unc-51/ULK1 subfamily. Contains 1 protein kinase domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Autophagy Protein transport Transport
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Membrane
Ligand	ATP-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Kinase Serine/threonine-protein kinase Transferase
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	autophagosome formation Ref.2 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: SGD piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: SGD protein amino acid phosphorylation Ref.2 Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro protein transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	Atg1p signaling complex Inferred from physical interaction. Source: SGD cytosol Ref.6 Inferred from direct assay. Source: SGD pre-autophagosomal structure membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro protein binding Ref.10 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct protein serine/threonine kinase activity Ref.2 Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
ATG11	Q12527	1	EBI-2657,EBI-31977

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 897	897	Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1		PRO_0000085655
Regions
	Domain	24 – 325	302	Protein kinase
	Nucleotide binding	30 – 38	9	ATP By similarity
	Region	880 – 886	7	Required for Cvt trafficking
	Compositional bias	542 – 548	7	Poly-Gln
Sites
	Active site	172	1	Proton acceptor By similarity
	Binding site	54	1	ATP By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	365	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	390	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	508	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	515	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	517	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	647	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	677	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	683	1	Phosphoserine
	Modified residue	783	1	Phosphoserine
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	54	1	K → A: Defect in the Cvt pathway
	Mutagenesis	102	1	M → A: Enables the binding of the inhibitor of the kinase activity 1-NA-PP1
	Mutagenesis	211	1	D → A: Loss of cell viability under starvation
	Mutagenesis	237	1	E → R: Loss of cell viability under starvation
	Mutagenesis	884	1	N → A: No effect
	Mutagenesis	886	1	L → G: Cvt pathway specific block

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P53104-1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: 7F4C785AA3A7CC46	FASTA	897	101,717
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGDIKNKDHT TSVNHNLMAS AGNYTAEKEI GKGSFATVYR GHLTSDKSQH VAIKEVSRAK 70 80 90 100 110 120 LKNKKLLENL EIEIAILKKI KHPHIVGLID CERTSTDFYL IMEYCALGDL TFLLKRRKEL 130 140 150 160 170 180 MENHPLLRTV FEKYPPPSEN HNGLHRAFVL SYLQQLASAL KFLRSKNLVH RDIKPQNLLL 190 200 210 220 230 240 STPLIGYHDS KSFHELGFVG IYNLPILKIA DFGFARFLPN TSLAETLCGS PLYMAPEILN 250 260 270 280 290 300 YQKYNAKADL WSVGTVVFEM CCGTPPFRAS NHLELFKKIK RANDVITFPS YCNIEPELKE 310 320 330 340 350 360 LICSLLTFDP AQRIGFEEFF ANKVVNEDLS SYELEDDLPE LESKSKGIVE SNMFVSEYLS 370 380 390 400 410 420 KQPKSPNSNL AGHQSMADNP AELSDALKNS NILTAPAVKT DHTQAVDKKA SNNKYHNSLV 430 440 450 460 470 480 SDRSFEREYV VVEKKSVEVN SLADEVAQAG FNPNPIKHPT STQNQNVLLN EQFSPNNQQY 490 500 510 520 530 540 FQNQGENPRL LRATSSSSGG SDGSRRPSLV DRRLSISSLN PSNALSRALG IASTRLFGGA 550 560 570 580 590 600 NQQQQQQQIT SSPPYSQTLL NSQLFHELTE NIILRIDHLQ HPETLKLDNT NIVSILESLA 610 620 630 640 650 660 AKAFVVYSYA EVKFSQIVPL STTLKGMANF ENRRSMDSNA IAEEQDSDDA EEEDETLKKY 670 680 690 700 710 720 KEDCLSTKTF GKGRTLSATS QLSATFNKLP RSEMILLCNE AIVLYMKALS ILSKSMQVTS 730 740 750 760 770 780 NWWYESQEKS CSLRVNVLVQ WLREKFNECL EKADFLRLKI NDLRFKHASE VAENQTLEEK 790 800 810 820 830 840 GSSEEPVYLE KLLYDRALEI SKMAAHMELK GENLYNCELA YATSLWMLET SLDDDDFTNA 850 860 870 880 890 YGDYPFKTNI HLKSNDVEDK EKYHSVLDEN DRIIIRKYID SIANRLKILR QKMNHQN

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Sequencing of a 40.5 kb fragment located on the left arm of chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Coglievina M., Klima R., Bertani I., Delneri D., Zaccaria P., Bruschi C.V. Yeast 13:55-64(1997) [PubMed: 9046087] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 96604 / S288c / FY1679.
[2]	"Apg1p, a novel protein kinase required for the autophagic process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Matsuura A., Tsukada M., Wada Y., Ohsumi Y. Gene 192:245-250(1997) [PubMed: 9224897] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-211 AND GLU-237. Strain: ATCC 26109 / X2180.
[3]	"The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII." Tettelin H., Agostoni-Carbone M.L., Albermann K., Albers M., Arroyo J., Backes U., Barreiros T., Bertani I., Bjourson A.J., Brueckner M., Bruschi C.V., Carignani G., Castagnoli L., Cerdan E., Clemente M.L., Coblenz A., Coglievina M., Coissac E. , Defoor E., Del Bino S., Delius H., Delneri D., de Wergifosse P., Dujon B., Durand P., Entian K.-D., Eraso P., Escribano V., Fabiani L., Fartmann B., Feroli F., Feuermann M., Frontali L., Garcia-Gonzalez M., Garcia-Saez M.I., Goffeau A., Guerreiro P., Hani J., Hansen M., Hebling U., Hernandez K., Heumann K., Hilger F., Hofmann B., Indge K.J., James C.M., Klima R., Koetter P., Kramer B., Kramer W., Lauquin G., Leuther H., Louis E.J., Maillier E., Marconi A., Martegani E., Mazon M.J., Mazzoni C., McReynolds A.D.K., Melchioretto P., Mewes H.-W., Minenkova O., Mueller-Auer S., Nawrocki A., Netter P., Neu R., Nombela C., Oliver S.G., Panzeri L., Paoluzi S., Plevani P., Portetelle D., Portillo F., Potier S., Purnelle B., Rieger M., Riles L., Rinaldi T., Robben J., Rodrigues-Pousada C., Rodriguez-Belmonte E., Rodriguez-Torres A.M., Rose M., Ruzzi M., Saliola M., Sanchez-Perez M., Schaefer B., Schaefer M., Scharfe M., Schmidheini T., Schreer A., Skala J., Souciet J.-L., Steensma H.Y., Talla E., Thierry A., Vandenbol M., van der Aart Q.J.M., Van Dyck L., Vanoni M., Verhasselt P., Voet M., Volckaert G., Wambutt R., Watson M.D., Weber N., Wedler E., Wedler H., Wipfli P., Wolf K., Wright L.F., Zaccaria P., Zimmermann M., Zollner A., Kleine K. Nature 387:81-84(1997) [PubMed: 9169869] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 96604 / S288c / FY1679.
[4]	"Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Tsukada M., Ohsumi Y. FEBS Lett. 333:169-174(1993) [PubMed: 8224160] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[5]	"Genetic and phenotypic overlap between autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole protein targeting pathway." Harding T.M., Hefner-Gravink A., Thumm M., Klionsky D.J. J. Biol. Chem. 271:17621-17624(1996) [PubMed: 8663607] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[6]	"AUT3, a serine/threonine kinase gene, is essential for autophagocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Straub M., Bredschneider M., Thumm M. J. Bacteriol. 179:3875-3883(1997) [PubMed: 9190802] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[7]	"Apg13p and Vac8p are part of a complex of phosphoproteins that are required for cytoplasm to vacuole targeting." Scott S.V., Nice D.C. III, Nau J.J., Weisman L.S., Kamada Y., Keizer-Gunnink I., Funakoshi T., Veenhuis M., Ohsumi Y., Klionsky D.J. J. Biol. Chem. 275:25840-25849(2000) [PubMed: 10837477] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[8]	"Tor-mediated induction of autophagy via an Apg1 protein kinase complex." Kamada Y., Funakoshi T., Shintani T., Nagano K., Ohsumi M., Ohsumi Y. J. Cell Biol. 150:1507-1513(2000) [PubMed: 10995454] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-54, INTERACTION WITH ATG11; ATG13 AND ATG17.
[9]	"The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation." Suzuki K., Kirisako T., Kamada Y., Mizushima N., Noda T., Ohsumi Y. EMBO J. 20:5971-5981(2001) [PubMed: 11689437] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[10]	"Cvt9/Gsa9 functions in sequestering selective cytosolic cargo destined for the vacuole." Kim J., Kamada Y., Stromhaug P.E., Guan J., Hefner-Gravink A., Baba M., Scott S.V., Ohsumi Y., Dunn W.A. Jr., Klionsky D.J. J. Cell Biol. 153:381-396(2001) [PubMed: 11309418] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ATG11.
[11]	"Antagonistic controls of autophagy and glycogen accumulation by Snf1p, the yeast homolog of AMP-activated protein kinase, and the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85p." Wang Z., Wilson W.A., Fujino M.A., Roach P.J. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:5742-5752(2001) [PubMed: 11486014] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[12]	"A unified nomenclature for yeast autophagy-related genes." Klionsky D.J., Cregg J.M., Dunn W.A. Jr., Emr S.D., Sakai Y., Sandoval I.V., Sibirny A., Subramani S., Thumm M., Veenhuis M., Ohsumi Y. Dev. Cell 5:539-545(2003) [PubMed: 14536056] [Abstract] Cited for: NOMENCLATURE.
[13]	"Chemical genetic analysis of Apg1 reveals a non-kinase role in the induction of autophagy." Abeliovich H., Zhang C., Dunn W.A. Jr., Shokat K.M., Klionsky D.J. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:477-490(2003) [PubMed: 12589048] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-54; MET-102; ASN-884 AND LEU-886.
[14]	"Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast." Huh W.-K., Falvo J.V., Gerke L.C., Carroll A.S., Howson R.W., Weissman J.S., O'Shea E.K. Nature 425:686-691(2003) [PubMed: 14562095] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[15]	"Global analysis of protein expression in yeast." Ghaemmaghami S., Huh W.-K., Bower K., Howson R.W., Belle A., Dephoure N., O'Shea E.K., Weissman J.S. Nature 425:737-741(2003) [PubMed: 14562106] [Abstract] Cited for: LEVEL OF PROTEIN EXPRESSION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[16]	"The Atg1-Atg13 complex regulates Atg9 and Atg23 retrieval transport from the pre-autophagosomal structure." Reggiori F., Tucker K.A., Stromhaug P.E., Klionsky D.J. Dev. Cell 6:79-90(2004) [PubMed: 14723849] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[17]	"Quantitative phosphoproteomics applied to the yeast pheromone signaling pathway." Gruhler A., Olsen J.V., Mohammed S., Mortensen P., Faergeman N.J., Mann M., Jensen O.N. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 4:310-327(2005) [PubMed: 15665377] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-677, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[18]	"A multidimensional chromatography technology for in-depth phosphoproteome analysis." Albuquerque C.P., Smolka M.B., Payne S.H., Bafna V., Eng J., Zhou H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7:1389-1396(2008) [PubMed: 18407956] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-365; SER-390; SER-508; SER-515; SER-517; SER-647; SER-677; SER-683 AND SER-783, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	X91489 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA62794.1. D29991 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA21481.1. Z72702 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA96892.1.
PIR	S61137.
RefSeq	NP_011335.1.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP:1192N.
IntAct	P53104.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	YGL180W. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [Contig view]
GeneID	852695.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus YGL180W in contig Y13135_GR.
KEGG	sce:YGL180W.
NMPDR	fig|4932.3.peg.2439.
Organism-specific databases
CYGD	YGL180w.
SGD	S000003148. ATG1.
Yeast-GFP	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	P53104.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P53104.
GermOnline	YGL180W. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000719. Prot_kinase_core. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_bd_CS. IPR017442. Se/Thr_pkinase-rel. IPR008271. Ser_thr_pkin_AS. IPR002290. Ser_thr_pkinase. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProDom	PD000001. Prot_kinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
SMART	SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
LinkHub	P53104.
NextBio	972032.

Entry information

Entry name

ATG1_YEAST

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P53104

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1996
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1996
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 81 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

FPAP (Fungal Proteome Annotation Project)