ID ERG25_YEAST Reviewed; 309 AA. AC P53045; D6VUJ5; E9P8T3; Q45U26; DT 01-OCT-1996, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-OCT-1996, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 185. DE RecName: Full=C-4 methylsterol oxidase ERG25 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8552601}; DE EC=1.14.18.- {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552601}; DE AltName: Full=Ergosterol biosynthetic protein 25 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8552601}; DE AltName: Full=Sterol-C4-methyl oxidase ERG25 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8552601}; DE Short=SMO {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8552601}; GN Name=ERG25 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8552601}; Synonyms=FET6; GN OrderedLocusNames=YGR060W; OS Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast). OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Saccharomycotina; Saccharomycetes; OC Saccharomycetales; Saccharomycetaceae; Saccharomyces. OX NCBI_TaxID=559292; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, DOMAIN, RP AND PATHWAY. RX PubMed=8552601; DOI=10.1073/pnas.93.1.186; RA Bard M., Bruner D.A., Pierson C.A., Lees N.D., Biermann B., Frye L., RA Koegel C., Barbuch R.; RT "Cloning and characterization of ERG25, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene RT encoding C-4 sterol methyl oxidase."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:186-190(1996). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, COFACTOR, AND SUBCELLULAR RP LOCATION. RX PubMed=8663358; DOI=10.1074/jbc.271.28.16927; RA Li L., Kaplan J.; RT "Characterization of yeast methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) and identification RT of a human homologue."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 271:16927-16933(1996). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=SK1; RX PubMed=16273108; DOI=10.1038/ng1674; RA Deutschbauer A.M., Davis R.W.; RT "Quantitative trait loci mapped to single-nucleotide resolution in yeast."; RL Nat. Genet. 37:1333-1340(2005). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=ATCC 204508 / S288c; RX PubMed=9169869; RA Tettelin H., Agostoni-Carbone M.L., Albermann K., Albers M., Arroyo J., RA Backes U., Barreiros T., Bertani I., Bjourson A.J., Brueckner M., RA Bruschi C.V., Carignani G., Castagnoli L., Cerdan E., Clemente M.L., RA Coblenz A., Coglievina M., Coissac E., Defoor E., Del Bino S., Delius H., RA Delneri D., de Wergifosse P., Dujon B., Durand P., Entian K.-D., Eraso P., RA Escribano V., Fabiani L., Fartmann B., Feroli F., Feuermann M., RA Frontali L., Garcia-Gonzalez M., Garcia-Saez M.I., Goffeau A., RA Guerreiro P., Hani J., Hansen M., Hebling U., Hernandez K., Heumann K., RA Hilger F., Hofmann B., Indge K.J., James C.M., Klima R., Koetter P., RA Kramer B., Kramer W., Lauquin G., Leuther H., Louis E.J., Maillier E., RA Marconi A., Martegani E., Mazon M.J., Mazzoni C., McReynolds A.D.K., RA Melchioretto P., Mewes H.-W., Minenkova O., Mueller-Auer S., Nawrocki A., RA Netter P., Neu R., Nombela C., Oliver S.G., Panzeri L., Paoluzi S., RA Plevani P., Portetelle D., Portillo F., Potier S., Purnelle B., Rieger M., RA Riles L., Rinaldi T., Robben J., Rodrigues-Pousada C., RA Rodriguez-Belmonte E., Rodriguez-Torres A.M., Rose M., Ruzzi M., RA Saliola M., Sanchez-Perez M., Schaefer B., Schaefer M., Scharfe M., RA Schmidheini T., Schreer A., Skala J., Souciet J.-L., Steensma H.Y., RA Talla E., Thierry A., Vandenbol M., van der Aart Q.J.M., Van Dyck L., RA Vanoni M., Verhasselt P., Voet M., Volckaert G., Wambutt R., Watson M.D., RA Weber N., Wedler E., Wedler H., Wipfli P., Wolf K., Wright L.F., RA Zaccaria P., Zimmermann M., Zollner A., Kleine K.; RT "The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII."; RL Nature 387:81-84(1997). RN [5] RP GENOME REANNOTATION. RC STRAIN=ATCC 204508 / S288c; RX PubMed=24374639; DOI=10.1534/g3.113.008995; RA Engel S.R., Dietrich F.S., Fisk D.G., Binkley G., Balakrishnan R., RA Costanzo M.C., Dwight S.S., Hitz B.C., Karra K., Nash R.S., Weng S., RA Wong E.D., Lloyd P., Skrzypek M.S., Miyasato S.R., Simison M., Cherry J.M.; RT "The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and now."; RL G3 (Bethesda) 4:389-398(2014). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=ATCC 204508 / S288c; RX PubMed=17322287; DOI=10.1101/gr.6037607; RA Hu Y., Rolfs A., Bhullar B., Murthy T.V.S., Zhu C., Berger M.F., RA Camargo A.A., Kelley F., McCarron S., Jepson D., Richardson A., Raphael J., RA Moreira D., Taycher E., Zuo D., Mohr S., Kane M.F., Williamson J., RA Simpson A.J.G., Bulyk M.L., Harlow E., Marsischky G., Kolodner R.D., RA LaBaer J.; RT "Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding RT clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae."; RL Genome Res. 17:536-543(2007). RN [7] RP FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, INTERACTION WITH ERG27 AND ERG28, AND SUBCELLULAR RP LOCATION. RX PubMed=12119386; DOI=10.1073/pnas.112202799; RA Mo C., Valachovic M., Randall S.K., Nickels J.T., Bard M.; RT "Protein-protein interactions among C-4 demethylation enzymes involved in RT yeast sterol biosynthesis."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:9739-9744(2002). RN [8] RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=12880870; DOI=10.1016/s1388-1981(03)00093-3; RA Darnet S., Rahier A.; RT "Enzymological properties of sterol-C4-methyl-oxidase of yeast sterol RT biosynthesis."; RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1633:106-117(2003). RN [9] RP LEVEL OF PROTEIN EXPRESSION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=14562106; DOI=10.1038/nature02046; RA Ghaemmaghami S., Huh W.-K., Bower K., Howson R.W., Belle A., Dephoure N., RA O'Shea E.K., Weissman J.S.; RT "Global analysis of protein expression in yeast."; RL Nature 425:737-741(2003). RN [10] RP UBIQUITINATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-96, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY. RX PubMed=14557538; DOI=10.1073/pnas.2135500100; RA Hitchcock A.L., Auld K., Gygi S.P., Silver P.A.; RT "A subset of membrane-associated proteins is ubiquitinated in response to RT mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum degradation machinery."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:12735-12740(2003). RN [11] RP FUNCTION, AND INTERACTION WITH ERG28. RX PubMed=15995173; DOI=10.1194/jlr.m500153-jlr200; RA Mo C., Bard M.; RT "Erg28p is a key protein in the yeast sterol biosynthetic enzyme complex."; RL J. Lipid Res. 46:1991-1998(2005). RN [12] RP SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. RX PubMed=15716577; DOI=10.1074/mcp.m400123-mcp200; RA Natter K., Leitner P., Faschinger A., Wolinski H., McCraith S., Fields S., RA Kohlwein S.D.; RT "The spatial organization of lipid synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces RT cerevisiae derived from large scale green fluorescent protein tagging and RT high resolution microscopy."; RL Mol. Cell. Proteomics 4:662-672(2005). RN [13] RP UBIQUITINATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-96, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=22106047; DOI=10.1002/pmic.201100166; RA Starita L.M., Lo R.S., Eng J.K., von Haller P.D., Fields S.; RT "Sites of ubiquitin attachment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."; RL Proteomics 12:236-240(2012). RN [14] RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. RX PubMed=29773647; DOI=10.1074/jbc.ra118.001781; RA Ward D.M., Chen O.S., Li L., Kaplan J., Bhuiyan S.A., Natarajan S.K., RA Bard M., Cox J.E.; RT "Altered sterol metabolism in budding yeast affects mitochondrial iron- RT sulfur (Fe-S) cluster synthesis."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 293:10782-10795(2018). RN [15] RP REVIEW ON ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS. RX PubMed=32679672; DOI=10.3390/genes11070795; RA Jorda T., Puig S.; RT "Regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."; RL Genes (Basel) 11:0-0(2020). CC -!- FUNCTION: C-4 methylsterol oxidase; part of the third module of CC ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that includes the late steps of the CC pathway (PubMed:8552601, PubMed:12880870, PubMed:29773647). ERG25 is a CC catalytic component of the C-4 demethylation complex that catalyzes the CC three-step monooxygenation required for the demethylation of 4,4- CC dimethyl and 4alpha-methylsterols (PubMed:8552601, PubMed:12880870). CC The third module or late pathway involves the ergosterol synthesis CC itself through consecutive reactions that mainly occur in the CC endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Firstly, the squalene synthase CC ERG9 catalyzes the condensation of 2 farnesyl pyrophosphate moieties to CC form squalene, which is the precursor of all steroids. Squalene CC synthase is crucial for balancing the incorporation of farnesyl CC diphosphate (FPP) into sterol and nonsterol isoprene synthesis. CC Secondly, the squalene epoxidase ERG1 catalyzes the stereospecific CC oxidation of squalene to (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, which is considered to CC be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. Then, the lanosterol CC synthase ERG7 catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3 oxidosqualene to CC lanosterol, a reaction that forms the sterol core. In the next steps, CC lanosterol is transformed to zymosterol through a complex process CC involving various demethylation, reduction and desaturation reactions. CC The lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase ERG11 (also known as CYP51) CC catalyzes C14-demethylation of lanosterol to produce 4,4'-dimethyl CC cholesta-8,14,24-triene-3-beta-ol, which is critical for ergosterol CC biosynthesis. The C-14 reductase ERG24 reduces the C14=C15 double bond CC of 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,14,24-trienol to produce 4,4-dimethyl- CC cholesta-8,24-dienol. 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,24-dienol is substrate of CC the C-4 demethylation complex ERG25-ERG26-ERG27 in which ERG25 CC catalyzes the three-step monooxygenation required for the demethylation CC of 4,4-dimethyl and 4alpha-methylsterols, ERG26 catalyzes the oxidative CC decarboxylation that results in a reduction of the 3-beta-hydroxy group CC at the C-3 carbon to an oxo group, and ERG27 is responsible for the CC reduction of the keto group on the C-3. ERG28 has a role as a scaffold CC to help anchor ERG25, ERG26 and ERG27 to the endoplasmic reticulum and CC ERG29 regulates the activity of the iron-containing C4-methylsterol CC oxidase ERG25. Then, the sterol 24-C-methyltransferase ERG6 catalyzes CC the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-methionine to the C-24 of CC zymosterol to form fecosterol. The C-8 sterol isomerase ERG2 catalyzes CC the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of CC sterols and thus converts fecosterol to episterol. The sterol-C5- CC desaturase ERG3 then catalyzes the introduction of a C-5 double bond in CC the B ring to produce 5-dehydroepisterol. The C-22 sterol desaturase CC ERG5 further converts 5-dehydroepisterol into ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)- CC tetraen-3beta-ol by forming the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side CC chain. Finally, ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol is substrate of CC the C-24(28) sterol reductase ERG4 to produce ergosterol CC (PubMed:32679672). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:29773647, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552601, CC ECO:0000303|PubMed:32679672}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + 6 Fe(II)- CC [cytochrome b5] + 5 H(+) + 3 O2 = 4beta-methylzymosterol-4alpha- CC carboxylate + 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 4 H2O; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55244, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10439, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:18364, ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:64925; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552601}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:55245; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552601}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=4alpha-methylzymosterol + 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 5 H(+) + CC 3 O2 = 4alpha-carboxyzymosterol + 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 4 H2O; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:47056, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10439, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:1949, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:143575; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:47057; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Fe cation; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:24875; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:8663358}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Steroid biosynthesis; zymosterol biosynthesis; zymosterol from CC lanosterol: step 3/6. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552601}. CC -!- PATHWAY: Steroid metabolism; ergosterol biosynthesis. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12880870, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8552601}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Heterotetramer of ERG25, ERG26, ERG27 and ERG28. ERG28 acts as CC a scaffold to tether ERG27 and other 4,4-demethylation-related enzymes, CC forming a demethylation enzyme complex, in the endoplasmic reticulum. CC Interacts with ERG27 and ERG28. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12119386, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15995173}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P53045; P10614: ERG11; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6506, EBI-5127; CC P53045; Q12452: ERG27; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-6506, EBI-38132; CC P53045; P40030: ERG28; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6506, EBI-22518; CC P53045; P32353: ERG3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6506, EBI-6554; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12119386, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15716577, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:8663358}; Single-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12119386, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15716577, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:8663358}. CC -!- DOMAIN: The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be CC involved in metal ion binding. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:8552601}. CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Affects mitochondrial activities and leads to an CC increase in intermediate sterols and a corresponding decrease in CC zymosterol and ergosterol production. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29773647}. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Present with 77100 molecules/cell in log phase SD CC medium. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14562106}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; U31885; AAC49139.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; DQ115391; AAZ22473.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; Z72845; CAA97062.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AY557827; AAS56153.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BK006941; DAA08156.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR PIR; S64354; S64354. DR RefSeq; NP_011574.3; NM_001181189.3. DR AlphaFoldDB; P53045; -. DR BioGRID; 33305; 320. DR DIP; DIP-2799N; -. DR IntAct; P53045; 60. DR MINT; P53045; -. DR STRING; 4932.YGR060W; -. DR iPTMnet; P53045; -. DR MaxQB; P53045; -. DR PaxDb; 4932-YGR060W; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P53045; -. DR EnsemblFungi; YGR060W_mRNA; YGR060W; YGR060W. DR GeneID; 852951; -. DR KEGG; sce:YGR060W; -. DR AGR; SGD:S000003292; -. DR SGD; S000003292; ERG25. DR VEuPathDB; FungiDB:YGR060W; -. DR eggNOG; KOG0873; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000158012; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_047036_5_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P53045; -. DR OMA; IHHEFQA; -. DR OrthoDB; 179215at2759; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:YGR060W-MONOMER; -. DR BioCyc; YEAST:YGR060W-MONOMER; -. DR Reactome; R-SCE-191273; Cholesterol biosynthesis. DR Reactome; R-SCE-192105; Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts. DR UniPathway; UPA00768; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00770; UER00756. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 852951; 2 hits in 10 CRISPR screens. DR PRO; PR:P53045; -. DR Proteomes; UP000002311; Chromosome VII. DR RNAct; P53045; Protein. DR GO; GO:0005789; C:endoplasmic reticulum membrane; IDA:SGD. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:SGD. DR GO; GO:0000254; F:C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity; IDA:SGD. DR GO; GO:0005506; F:iron ion binding; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0006696; P:ergosterol biosynthetic process; IDA:SGD. DR InterPro; IPR006694; Fatty_acid_hydroxylase. DR PANTHER; PTHR11863:SF226; LATHOSTEROL OXIDASE-RELATED; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11863; STEROL DESATURASE; 1. DR Pfam; PF04116; FA_hydroxylase; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Endoplasmic reticulum; Iron; Isopeptide bond; Lipid biosynthesis; KW Lipid metabolism; Membrane; NAD; Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome; KW Steroid biosynthesis; Steroid metabolism; Sterol biosynthesis; KW Sterol metabolism; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Ubl conjugation. FT CHAIN 1..309 FT /note="C-4 methylsterol oxidase ERG25" FT /id="PRO_0000117039" FT TRANSMEM 56..76 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT DOMAIN 147..282 FT /note="Fatty acid hydroxylase" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT REGION 287..309 FT /note="Disordered" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT MOTIF 160..164 FT /note="Histidine box-1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:8552601" FT MOTIF 173..177 FT /note="Histidine box-2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:8552601" FT MOTIF 257..263 FT /note="Histidine box-3" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:8552601" FT CROSSLNK 96 FT /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with FT G-Cter in ubiquitin)" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:22106047" FT CONFLICT 302 FT /note="N -> K (in Ref. 6; AAS56153)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 309 AA; 36479 MW; E0422C416DD17794 CRC64; MSAVFNNATL SGLVQASTYS QTLQNVAHYQ PQLNFMEKYW AAWYSYMNND VLATGLMFFL LHEFMYFFRC LPWFIIDQIP YFRRWKLQPT KIPSAKEQLY CLKSVLLSHF LVEAIPIWTF HPMCEKLGIT VEVPFPSLKT MALEIGLFFV LEDTWHYWAH RLFHYGVFYK YIHKQHHRYA APFGLSAEYA HPAETLSLGF GTVGMPILYV MYTGKLHLFT LCVWITLRLF QAVDSHSGYD FPWSLNKIMP FWAGAEHHDL HHHYFIGNYA SSFRWWDYCL DTESGPEAKA SREERMKKRA ENNAQKKTN //