P52480 (KPYM_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
April 3, 2013.
Version 139.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 EC=2.7.1.40 Alternative name(s): Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 531 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation By similarity. |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate. |
| Cofactor | Magnesium. Potassium. |
| Enzyme regulation | Allosterically activated by D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). Inhibited by oxalate and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). The activity of the tetrameric form is inhibited by PML. Selective binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides releases the allosteric activator FBP, leading to inhibition of PKM enzymatic activity, this diverts glucose metabolites from energy production to anabolic processes when cells are stimulated by certain growth factors. Glycolytic flux are highly dependent on de novo biosynthesis of serine and glycine, and serine is a natural ligand and allosteric activator By similarity. |
| Pathway | Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 5/5. |
| Subunit structure | Monomer and homotetramer. Exists as a monomer in the absence of fructose 1,6 bi-phosphate (FBP), and reversibly associates to form a homotetramer in the presence of FBP. The monomeric form binds T3. Tetramer formation induces pyruvate kinase activity. Interacts with HERC1, POU5F1 and PML. Interacts (isoform M2) with EGLN3; the interaction hydroxylates PKM under hypoxia and enhances binding to HIF1A. Interacts (isoform M2) with HIF1A; the interaction is enhanced by binding of EGLN3, promoting enhanced transcription activity under hypoxia By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. Ref.8 |
| Post-translational modification | ISGylated. Ref.7 Under hypoxia, hydroxylated by EGLN3 By similarity. Acetylation at Lys-305 is stimulated by high glucose concentration, it decreases enzyme activity and promotes its lysosomal-dependent degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy By similarity. |
| Miscellaneous | There are 4 isozymes of pyruvate kinase in mammals (L, R, M1, M2) encoded by 2 different genes: PKLR and PKM. The L and R isozymes are generated from the PKLR by differential splicing of RNA; the M1 and M2 forms are produced from the PKM gene by differential splicing. L type is major isozyme in the liver, R is found in red cells, M1 is the main form in muscle, heart and brain, and M2 is found in early fetal tissues as well as in most cancer cells. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pou5f1 | P20263 | 6 | EBI-647785,EBI-1606219 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform M2 (identifier: P52480-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform M1 (identifier: P52480-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 389-433: IYHLQLFEEL...CSGAIIVLTK → MFHRLLFEEL...LAAALIVLTE |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed By similarity | ||||||
| Chain | 2 – 531 | 530 | Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 | PRO_0000112089 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Region | 307 – 531 | 225 | Interaction with POU5F1 By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 389 – 433 | 45 | Intersubunit contact | ||||||
| Region | 432 – 437 | 6 | D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binding; part of allosteric site By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 514 – 521 | 8 | D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binding; part of allosteric site By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Metal binding | 75 | 1 | Potassium By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 77 | 1 | Potassium By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 113 | 1 | Potassium By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 114 | 1 | Potassium; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 272 | 1 | Magnesium By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 296 | 1 | Magnesium By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 70 | 1 | Serine By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 73 | 1 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 106 | 1 | Serine By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 295 | 1 | Substrate; via amide nitrogen By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 296 | 1 | Substrate; via amide nitrogen By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 328 | 1 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 464 | 1 | Serine By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 482 | 1 | D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; part of allosteric site By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 489 | 1 | D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; part of allosteric site By similarity | ||||||
| Site | 270 | 1 | Transition state stabilizer By similarity | ||||||
| Site | 433 | 1 | Crucial for phosphotyrosine binding By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 37 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 62 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 89 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 105 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 148 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 166 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 175 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 195 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 266 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 305 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 403 | 1 | 4-hydroxyproline By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 408 | 1 | 4-hydroxyproline By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 433 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 389 – 433 | 45 | IYHLQ…IVLTK → MFHRLLFEELVRASSHSTDL MEAMAMGSVEASYKCLAAAL IVLTE in isoform M1. | VSP_025057 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 8 | 1 | A → V in CAA65761. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 121 | 1 | T → A in BAE30642. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 121 | 1 | T → A in BAE32031. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 158 | 1 | W → R in BAA07457. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 166 | 1 | K → E in BAE42098. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 170 | 1 | V → L in BAE30642. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 170 | 1 | V → L in BAE32031. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 177 | 1 | D → G in BAE42199. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 230 | 1 | K → R in BAE30642. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 230 | 1 | K → R in BAE32031. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 299 | 1 | I → T in BAA07457. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 309 | 1 | A → S in BAA07457. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 327 | 1 | A → S in BAA07457. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 327 | 1 | A → S in CAA65761. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 333 | 1 | S → I in BAA07457. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 333 | 1 | S → I in CAA65761. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 485 | 1 | D → N in BAE33055. Ref.3 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 485 | 1 | D → N in BAE42192. Ref.3 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for the mouse pyruvate kinase M-2 gene whose expression is dependent upon cell differentiation." Izumi S., Manabe A., Tomoyasu A., Kihara-Negishi F., Ariga H. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1267:135-138(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM M2). |
| [2] | "Gene expression of mouse M1 and M2 pyruvate kinase isoenzymes correlates with differential poly(A) tract extension of their mRNAs during the development of spermatogenesis." de Luis O., del Mazo J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1396:294-305(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM M2). Strain: Swiss. |
| [3] | "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome." Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J. Hayashizaki Y.Science 309:1559-1563(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM M2), NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 1-395 (ISOFORM M1). Strain: C57BL/6J and NOD. Tissue: Bone marrow, Kidney and Muellerian duct. |
| [4] | "Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse." Church D.M., Goodstadt L., Hillier L.W., Zody M.C., Goldstein S., She X., Bult C.J., Agarwala R., Cherry J.L., DiCuccio M., Hlavina W., Kapustin Y., Meric P., Maglott D., Birtle Z., Marques A.C., Graves T., Zhou S. Ponting C.P.PLoS Biol. 7:E1000112-E1000112(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. |
| [5] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM M2). Strain: C57BL/6 and FVB/N. Tissue: Brain and Mammary tumor. |
| [6] | Lubec G., Kang S.U., Klug S., Yang J.W., Zigmond M., Sunyer B., Chen W.-Q. Submitted (JAN-2009) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 33-56; 67-89; 93-115; 126-136; 142-162; 167-224; 231-246; 248-255; 279-305; 320-336; 343-399; 401-433; 468-498 AND 506-526, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: C57BL/6 and OF1. Tissue: Brain and Hippocampus. |
| [7] | "Proteomic identification of proteins conjugated to ISG15 in mouse and human cells." Giannakopoulos N.V., Luo J.K., Papov V., Zou W., Lenschow D.J., Jacobs B.S., Borden E.C., Li J., Virgin H.W., Zhang D.E. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 336:496-506(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ISGYLATION. |
| [8] | "Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) interacts and cooperates with Oct-4 in regulating transcription." Lee J., Kim H.K., Han Y.-M., Kim J. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 40:1043-1054(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [9] | "Large-scale identification and evolution indexing of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from murine brain." Ballif B.A., Carey G.R., Sunyaev S.R., Gygi S.P. J. Proteome Res. 7:311-318(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-105 AND TYR-148, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | D38379 mRNA. Translation: BAA07457.1. X97047 mRNA. Translation: CAA65761.1. AK002341 mRNA. Translation: BAB22025.1. AK135397 mRNA. Translation: BAE22519.1. AK151724 mRNA. Translation: BAE30642.1. AK153483 mRNA. Translation: BAE32031.1. AK155110 mRNA. Translation: BAE33055.1. AK155655 mRNA. Translation: BAE33370.1. AK170892 mRNA. Translation: BAE42098.1. AK168943 mRNA. Translation: BAE40751.1. AK171023 mRNA. Translation: BAE42192.1. AK171033 mRNA. Translation: BAE42199.1. AC160637 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC016619 mRNA. Translation: AAH16619.1. BC094663 mRNA. Translation: AAH94663.1. |
| IPI | IPI00407130. IPI00845840. |
| PIR | S55921. |
| RefSeq | NP_001240812.1. NM_001253883.1. NP_035229.2. NM_011099.3. |
| UniGene | Mm.326167. Mm.488724. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P52480. |
| SMR | P52480. Positions 13-531. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | P52480. 8 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-1850796. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P52480. |
2D gel databases | |
| REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE | IPI00407130. P52480. |
| SWISS-2DPAGE | P52480. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P52480. |
| PRIDE | P52480. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000034834; ENSMUSP00000034834; ENSMUSG00000032294. ENSMUST00000163694; ENSMUSP00000128770; ENSMUSG00000032294. |
| GeneID | 18746. |
| KEGG | mmu:18746. |
| UCSC | uc009pyf.1. mouse. uc009pyi.1. mouse. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 5315. |
| MGI | MGI:97591. Pkm. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0469. |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00390000008859. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG000941. |
| InParanoid | P52480. |
| KO | K00873. |
| OMA | VKMMATI. |
| OrthoDB | EOG40GCQJ. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| SABIO-RK | P52480. |
| UniPathway | UPA00109; UER00188. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | P52480. |
| CleanEx | MM_PKM2. |
| Genevestigator | P52480. |
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000032294. Mus musculus. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 2.40.33.10. 1 hit. 3.20.20.60. 2 hits. 3.40.1380.20. 1 hit. |
| InterPro | IPR001697. Pyr_Knase. IPR015813. Pyrv/PenolPyrv_Kinase. IPR011037. Pyrv_Knase-like_insert_dom. IPR015794. Pyrv_Knase_a/b. IPR018209. Pyrv_Knase_AS. IPR015793. Pyrv_Knase_brl. IPR015795. Pyrv_Knase_C. IPR015806. Pyrv_Knase_insert_dom. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR11817. PTHR11817. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00224. PK. 1 hit. PF02887. PK_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR01050. PYRUVTKNASE. |
| SUPFAM | SSF50800. PK_B_barrel_like. 1 hit. SSF52935. Pyruvate_kinase. 1 hit. SSF51621. Pyrv/PenolPyrv_Kinase_cat. 1 hit. |
| TIGRFAMs | TIGR01064. pyruv_kin. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS00110. PYRUVATE_KINASE. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | PKM2. mouse. |
| NextBio | 294905. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | KPYM_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P52480 Secondary accession number(s): Q3TBV8 Q9CWB1 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
