Myl2

Functionⁱ

Contractile protein that plays a role in heart development and function (PubMed:10409661). Following phosphorylation, plays a role in cross-bridge cycling kinetics and cardiac muscle contraction by increasing myosin lever arm stiffness and promoting myosin head diffusion; as a consequence of the increase in maximum contraction force and calcium sensitivity of contraction force. These events altogether slow down myosin kinetics and prolong duty cycle resulting in accumulated myosins being cooperatively recruited to actin binding sites to sustain thin filament activation as a means to fine-tune myofilament calcium sensitivity to force (By similarity) (PubMed:22426213, PubMed:16908724, PubMed:10409661). During cardiogenesis plays an early role in cardiac contractility by promoting cardiac myofibril assembly (PubMed:9422794).By similarity4 Publications

Miscellaneous

This chain binds calcium.

Regions

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Calcium bindingⁱ	37 – 48	Add BLAST		12

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

actin monomer binding Source: MGI
calcium ion binding
Source: MGI
Inferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
- 11102452

Complete GO annotation...

GO - Biological processⁱ

cardiac muscle contraction
Source: MGI
Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
- 15308581
cardiac myofibril assembly
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 9422794
heart contraction
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 10409661
heart development
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 10409661
heart morphogenesis
Source: MGI
Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
- 15308581
muscle cell fate specification
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 1379240
muscle fiber development
Source: MGI
Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
- 15308581
negative regulation of cell growth Source: MGI
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 16908724
post-embryonic development
Source: MGI
Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
- 15308581
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis Source: MGI

Complete GO annotation...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Motor protein, Muscle protein, Myosin
Ligand	Calcium, Metal-binding

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-MMU-390522. Striated Muscle Contraction.

Reactomeⁱ

R-MMU-390522. Striated Muscle Contraction.

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoformCurated Short name: MLC-21 Publication Short name: MLC-2v Alternative name(s): Myosin light chain 2, slow skeletal/ventricular muscle isoformBy similarity Short name: MLC-2s/vBy similarity
Gene namesⁱ	Name:Myl2Imported Synonyms:MylpcImported
Organismⁱ	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	10090 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus
Proteomesⁱ	UP000000589 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 5

Organism-specific databases

MGIⁱ	MGI:97272. Myl2.

Subcellular locationⁱ

Cytoplasm › myofibril › sarcomere › A band
By similarity
Manual assertion inferred from sequence similarity toⁱ
- UniProtKB:P08733 (MLRV_RAT)

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

A band Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
cardiac myofibril Source: MGI
cytoskeleton Source: MGI
myofibril
Source: MGI
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 11356630
myosin complex Source: UniProtKB-KW

Complete GO annotation...

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cytoplasm

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Disruption phenotypeⁱ

Myl2 homozygous die at E12.5, which is associated with ultrastructural defects in ventricular sarcomere assembly, that included disruptions and disorganization of the normal parallel alignment of the thick and thin filaments, narrower fiber widths and larger distances between Z disks and misalignment of Z-band between sarcomeres.1 Publication

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	14	S → A: Loss of cardiac myofibril assembly; when associated with A-15 and A-19. Loss of phosphorylation; when associated with A-15 and A-19. Loss of calcium sensitivity of force development; when associated with A-15 and A-19. Phosphorylation at Ser-19; when associated with A-15. Significant decrease in phosphorylation by MLCK; when associated with A-15. Adult lethality associated with early defects in cardiac twitch relaxation and torsion leading to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and premature death; when associated with A-15.Significant acceleration of twitch relaxation in absence of changes in calcium transients; when associated with A-15. Absence of transmural phosphorylation gradient leading to alteration of torsion; when associated with A-14. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	15	S → A: Loss of cardiac myofibril assembly; when associated with A-14 and A-19. Loss of phosphorylation; when associated with A-14 and A-19. Loss of calcium sensitivity of force development; when associated with A-14 and A-19. Increase of phosphorylation. Phosphorylation at Ser-14 and at Ser-19. Phosphorylation at Ser-19; when associated with A-14. Significant decrease in phosphorylation by MLCK; when associated with A-14. Adult lethality associated with early defects in cardiac twitch relaxation and torsion leading to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and premature death; when associated with A-14. Significant acceleration of twitch relaxation in absence of changes in calcium transients; when associated with A-14. Absence of transmural phosphorylation gradient leading to alteration of torsion; when associated with A-14. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	19	S → A: Loss of cardiac myofibril assembly; when associated with A-14 and A-15. Loss of phosphorylation; when associated with A-14 and A-15. Loss of calcium sensitivity of force development; when associated with A-14 and A-15. 1 Publication	1

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Initiator methionineⁱ		Removed1 Publication
ChainⁱPRO_0000198728	2 – 166	Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoformAdd BLAST		165

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Modified residueⁱ	2	N,N,N-trimethylalanine1 Publication	1
Modified residueⁱ	14	Phosphoserine; by MLCKCombined sources2 Publications	1
Modified residueⁱ	15	Phosphoserine; by MLCKCombined sources2 Publications	1
Modified residueⁱ	19	PhosphoserineCombined sources1 Publication	1
Modified residueⁱ	52	PhosphothreonineBy similarity	1

Post-translational modificationⁱ

N-terminus is methylated by METTL11A/NTM1.1 Publication

Phosphorylated by MYLK3 and MYLK2; promotes cardiac muscle contraction and function. Dephosphorylated by PPP1CB complexed to PPP1R12B (By similarity). The phosphorylated form in adult is expressed as gradients across the heart from endocardium (low phosphorylation) to epicardium (high phosphorylation); regulates cardiac torsion and workload distribution (PubMed:22426213).By similarity2 Publications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Methylation, Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	P51667.
PaxDbⁱ	P51667.
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	P51667.
PRIDEⁱ	P51667.
TopDownProteomicsⁱ	P51667.

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P51667.
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P51667.

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Abundantly expressed in both cardiac and slow skeletal muscle (PubMed:1379240). In the adult heart, the phosphorylated form is highly expressed in epicardium and weakly in endocardium (PubMed:22426213).2 Publications

Developmental stageⁱ

At 8 dpc highly expressed in the ventricular portion of the heart tube, with no detectable expression in the atrial or sinus venosus regions; also expressed in the proximal outflow tract of the heart tube at minimally detectable levels. At 9-10 dpc expression is well established in the proximal outflow tract region adjacent to the ventricular segment. At 11 dpc, expression becomes restricted to the ventricular region.1 Publication

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSMUSG00000013936.
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	P51667. baseline and differential.
Genevisibleⁱ	P51667. MM.

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Myosin is a hexamer of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains (By similarity). Interacts with MYOC (By similarity).By similarity

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

actin monomer binding Source: MGI

Complete GO annotation...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActⁱ	P51667. 3 interactors.
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	MINT-4130491.
STRINGⁱ	10090.ENSMUSP00000014080.

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P51667.
SMRⁱ	P51667.
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Domainⁱ	24 – 59	EF-hand 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	36
Domainⁱ	94 – 129	EF-hand 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	36
Domainⁱ	130 – 165	EF-hand 3PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	36

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Repeat

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG0031. Eukaryota. COG5126. LUCA.
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000119196.
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000233018.
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG012180.
InParanoidⁱ	P51667.
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K10351.
OMAⁱ	IVTHRAE.
PhylomeDBⁱ	P51667.
TreeFamⁱ	TF314218.

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database More...CDDⁱ	cd00051. EFh. 1 hit.
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011992. EF-hand-dom_pair. IPR018247. EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS. IPR002048. EF_hand_dom.
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF13405. EF-hand_6. 1 hit.
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00054. EFh. 3 hits.
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47473. SSF47473. 1 hit.
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00018. EF_HAND_1. 1 hit. PS50222. EF_HAND_2. 3 hits.

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

P51667-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MAPKKAKKRI EGGSSNVFSM FEQTQIQEFK EAFTIMDQNR DGFIDKNDLR 
        60         70         80         90        100
DTFAALGRVN VKNEEIDEMI KEAPGPINFT VFLTMFGEKL KGADPEETIL 
       110        120        130        140        150
NAFKVFDPEG KGSLKADYVR EMLTTQAERF SKEEIDQMFA AFPPDVTGNL 
       160 
DYKNLVHIIT HGEEKD

Length:166

Mass (Da):18,864

Last modified:April 3, 2007 - v3

Checksum:ⁱEA25C1FAA18E2EA8

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	4 – 5	KK → LF in AAA39796 (PubMed:1379240).Curated	2
Sequence conflictⁱ	14	S → T in AAA39796 (PubMed:1379240).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	128	E → G in AAH61144 (PubMed:15489334).Curated	1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	M91602 mRNA. Translation: AAA39796.1. AK002367 mRNA. Translation: BAB22045.1. AK146674 mRNA. Translation: BAE27350.1. BC061144 mRNA. Translation: AAH61144.1.
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS39252.1.
PIRⁱ	A42858.
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_034991.3. NM_010861.4.
UniGeneⁱ	Mm.1529.

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENSMUST00000014080; ENSMUSP00000014080; ENSMUSG00000013936. ENSMUST00000111751; ENSMUSP00000107380; ENSMUSG00000013936.
GeneIDⁱ	17906.
KEGGⁱ	mmu:17906.
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc008zkp.1. mouse.

Similar proteinsⁱ

Links to similar proteins from the UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef) at 100%, 90% and 50% sequence identity:

100%	UniRef100 combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues from any organism into one UniRef entry.
90%	UniRef90 is built by clustering UniRef100 sequences that have at least 90% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence (a.k.a seed sequence).
50%	UniRef50 is built by clustering UniRef90 seed sequences that have at least 50% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence in the cluster.

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	M91602 mRNA. Translation: AAA39796.1. AK002367 mRNA. Translation: BAB22045.1. AK146674 mRNA. Translation: BAE27350.1. BC061144 mRNA. Translation: AAH61144.1.
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS39252.1.
PIRⁱ	A42858.
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_034991.3. NM_010861.4.
UniGeneⁱ	Mm.1529.

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P51667.
SMRⁱ	P51667.
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActⁱ	P51667. 3 interactors.
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	MINT-4130491.
STRINGⁱ	10090.ENSMUSP00000014080.

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P51667.
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P51667.

Proteomic databases

MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	P51667.
PaxDbⁱ	P51667.
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	P51667.
PRIDEⁱ	P51667.
TopDownProteomicsⁱ	P51667.

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENSMUST00000014080; ENSMUSP00000014080; ENSMUSG00000013936. ENSMUST00000111751; ENSMUSP00000107380; ENSMUSG00000013936.
GeneIDⁱ	17906.
KEGGⁱ	mmu:17906.
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc008zkp.1. mouse.

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	4633.
MGIⁱ	MGI:97272. Myl2.

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG0031. Eukaryota. COG5126. LUCA.
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000119196.
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000233018.
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG012180.
InParanoidⁱ	P51667.
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K10351.
OMAⁱ	IVTHRAE.
PhylomeDBⁱ	P51667.
TreeFamⁱ	TF314218.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-MMU-390522. Striated Muscle Contraction.

Reactomeⁱ

R-MMU-390522. Striated Muscle Contraction.

Miscellaneous databases

Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P51667.
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSMUSG00000013936.
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	P51667. baseline and differential.
Genevisibleⁱ	P51667. MM.

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database More...CDDⁱ	cd00051. EFh. 1 hit.
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011992. EF-hand-dom_pair. IPR018247. EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS. IPR002048. EF_hand_dom.
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF13405. EF-hand_6. 1 hit.
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00054. EFh. 3 hits.
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47473. SSF47473. 1 hit.
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00018. EF_HAND_1. 1 hit. PS50222. EF_HAND_2. 3 hits.
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	MLRV_MOUSE
Accessionⁱ	P51667Primary (citable) accession number: P51667 Secondary accession number(s): Q6P8P4, Q9QVP3
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1996
	Last sequence update:	April 3, 2007
	Last modified:	June 7, 2017
	This is version 142 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

MGD cross-references
Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - P51667 (MLRV_MOUSE)

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Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Miscellaneous

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Documents

Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequenceⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ