P51557 (STAR_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial
Short name=StAR

Alternative name(s):
Luteinizing hormone-induced protein
START domain-containing protein 1
Short name=StARD1

Gene names

Name:

Star

Organism

Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

10090 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	284 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Plays a key role in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Transporter that binds to and transport cholesterol through the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion Probable.
Pathway	Steroid metabolism; cholesterol metabolism.
Subunit structure	May interact with TSPO By similarity.
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion Ref.6.
Tissue specificity	Expressed within glia and neurons in discrete regions of the brain. Ref.2
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 START domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Lipid transport Steroidogenesis Transport
Cellular component	Mitochondrion
Domain	Transit peptide
Ligand	Lipid-binding
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	bile acid biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara biphenyl metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara brain development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular lipid metabolic process Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 9326645. Source: MGI cellular response to alkaloid Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to antibiotic Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to cAMP Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to cadmium ion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to epinephrine stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to glucose stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to growth hormone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to insulin stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to interferon-alpha Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to interferon-gamma Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cholesterol metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-UniPathway circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara diterpenoid metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara estrogen biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara fractalkine metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara glucocorticoid metabolic process Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 9326645. Source: MGI insecticide metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara intracellular cholesterol transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara male gonad development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara phenol-containing compound metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara phthalate metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of gene expression Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of neurogenesis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara progesterone biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of steroid biosynthetic process Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: MGI response to corticosterone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to drug Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to estrogen stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to ethanol Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to fungicide Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to herbicide Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to hydrogen peroxide Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to ionizing radiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to lead ion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to leptin stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to nicotine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to nutrient Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara testosterone biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Cellular_component	cytosol Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara mitochondrial crista Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara mitochondrial intermembrane space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara mitochondrion Inferred from direct assay PubMed 14651853PubMed 18614015Ref.1. Source: MGI neuron projection Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara neuronal cell body Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Molecular_function	cholesterol binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 12011452. Source: MGI cholesterol transporter activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 62	62	Mitochondrion
	Chain	63 – 284	222	Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial		PRO_0000033318
Regions
	Domain	66 – 279	214	START
	Compositional bias	170 – 174	5	Poly-Ala
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	56	1	Phosphoserine; by PKA By similarity
	Modified residue	194	1	Phosphoserine; by PKA By similarity
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	139	1	R → H in BAB31842. Ref.3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P51557 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: 9BB13E52D4439B72	FASTA	284	31,626
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MFLATFKLCA GSSYRHMRNM KGLRHQAVLA IGQELNWRAL GDSSPGWMGQ VRRRSSLLGS 70 80 90 100 110 120 QLEATLYSDQ ELSYIQQGEV AMQKALGILN NQEGWKKESQ QENGDEVLSK MVPDVGKVFR 130 140 150 160 170 180 LEVVVDQPMD RLYEELVDRM EAMGEWNPNV KEIKVLQRIG KDTVITHELA AAAAGNLVGP 190 200 210 220 230 240 RDFVSVRCTK RRGSTCVLAG MATHFGEMPE QSGVIRAEHG PTCMVLHPLA GSPSKTKLTW 250 260 270 280 LLSIDLKGWL PKTIINQVLS QTQIEFANHL RKRLEASPAS EAQC

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"The purification, cloning, and expression of a novel luteinizing hormone-induced mitochondrial protein in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Characterization of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)." Clark B.J., Wells J., King S.R., Stocco D.M. J. Biol. Chem. 269:28314-28322(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
[2]	"An essential component in steroid synthesis, the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, is expressed in discrete regions of the brain." King S.R., Manna P.R., Ishii T., Syapin P.J., Ginsberg S.D., Wilson K., Walsh L.P., Parker K.L., Stocco D.M., Smith R.G., Lamb D.J. J. Neurosci. 22:10613-10620(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: 129.
[3]	"The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome." Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J. , Wilming L.G., Aidinis V., Allen J.E., Ambesi-Impiombato A., Apweiler R., Aturaliya R.N., Bailey T.L., Bansal M., Baxter L., Beisel K.W., Bersano T., Bono H., Chalk A.M., Chiu K.P., Choudhary V., Christoffels A., Clutterbuck D.R., Crowe M.L., Dalla E., Dalrymple B.P., de Bono B., Della Gatta G., di Bernardo D., Down T., Engstrom P., Fagiolini M., Faulkner G., Fletcher C.F., Fukushima T., Furuno M., Futaki S., Gariboldi M., Georgii-Hemming P., Gingeras T.R., Gojobori T., Green R.E., Gustincich S., Harbers M., Hayashi Y., Hensch T.K., Hirokawa N., Hill D., Huminiecki L., Iacono M., Ikeo K., Iwama A., Ishikawa T., Jakt M., Kanapin A., Katoh M., Kawasawa Y., Kelso J., Kitamura H., Kitano H., Kollias G., Krishnan S.P., Kruger A., Kummerfeld S.K., Kurochkin I.V., Lareau L.F., Lazarevic D., Lipovich L., Liu J., Liuni S., McWilliam S., Madan Babu M., Madera M., Marchionni L., Matsuda H., Matsuzawa S., Miki H., Mignone F., Miyake S., Morris K., Mottagui-Tabar S., Mulder N., Nakano N., Nakauchi H., Ng P., Nilsson R., Nishiguchi S., Nishikawa S., Nori F., Ohara O., Okazaki Y., Orlando V., Pang K.C., Pavan W.J., Pavesi G., Pesole G., Petrovsky N., Piazza S., Reed J., Reid J.F., Ring B.Z., Ringwald M., Rost B., Ruan Y., Salzberg S.L., Sandelin A., Schneider C., Schoenbach C., Sekiguchi K., Semple C.A., Seno S., Sessa L., Sheng Y., Shibata Y., Shimada H., Shimada K., Silva D., Sinclair B., Sperling S., Stupka E., Sugiura K., Sultana R., Takenaka Y., Taki K., Tammoja K., Tan S.L., Tang S., Taylor M.S., Tegner J., Teichmann S.A., Ueda H.R., van Nimwegen E., Verardo R., Wei C.L., Yagi K., Yamanishi H., Zabarovsky E., Zhu S., Zimmer A., Hide W., Bult C., Grimmond S.M., Teasdale R.D., Liu E.T., Brusic V., Quackenbush J., Wahlestedt C., Mattick J.S., Hume D.A., Kai C., Sasaki D., Tomaru Y., Fukuda S., Kanamori-Katayama M., Suzuki M., Aoki J., Arakawa T., Iida J., Imamura K., Itoh M., Kato T., Kawaji H., Kawagashira N., Kawashima T., Kojima M., Kondo S., Konno H., Nakano K., Ninomiya N., Nishio T., Okada M., Plessy C., Shibata K., Shiraki T., Suzuki S., Tagami M., Waki K., Watahiki A., Okamura-Oho Y., Suzuki H., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y. Science 309:1559-1563(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. Tissue: Testis.
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. Tissue: Embryo.
[5]	"Acute action of luteinizing hormone on mouse Leydig cells: accumulation of mitochondrial phosphoproteins and stimulation of testosterone synthesis." Epstein L.F., Orme-Johnson N.R. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 81:113-126(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION.
[6]	"Steroid production after in vitro transcription, translation, and mitochondrial processing of protein products of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein." King S.R., Ronen-Fuhrmann T., Timberg R., Clark B.J., Orly J., Stocco D.M. Endocrinology 136:5165-5176(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TRANSIT PEPTIDE.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	L36062 mRNA. Translation: AAB94783.1. AY032730 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK50433.2. AK019725 mRNA. Translation: BAB31842.1. AK054470 mRNA. Translation: BAC35791.1. AK136327 mRNA. Translation: BAE22934.1. BC082283 mRNA. Translation: AAH82283.1.
IPI	IPI00311822.
PIR	A55455.
RefSeq	NP_035615.2. NM_011485.4.
UniGene	Mm.293314.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P51557.
SMR	P51557. Positions 65-275.
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P51557.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P51557.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSMUST00000033979; ENSMUSP00000033979; ENSMUSG00000031574.
GeneID	20845.
KEGG	mmu:20845.
UCSC	uc009lhb.1. mouse.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	6770.
MGI	MGI:102760. Star.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG239518.
GeneTree	ENSGT00530000063139.
HOGENOM	HOG000142452.
HOVERGEN	HBG010529.
InParanoid	P51557.
OMA	ATFKLCA.
OrthoDB	EOG4JWVF2.
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathway	UPA00296.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	P51557.
CleanEx	MM_STAR.
Genevestigator	P51557.
GermOnline	ENSMUSG00000031574. Mus musculus.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	3.30.530.20. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR000799. StAR. IPR023393. START-like_dom. IPR002913. START_lipid-bd_dom. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF01852. START. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00978. STARPROTEIN.
SMART	SM00234. START. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS50848. START. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	299611.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

STAR_MOUSE

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P51557
Secondary accession number(s): Q543A5, Q924Y5, Q9D2G1

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1996
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1996
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 104 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program