Anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 2

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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P51094 (UFOG_VITVI)

Last modified December 15, 2009. Version 46. History...

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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

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Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 2
    EC=2.4.1.115
Alternative name(s):
    Flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase
    UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase

Gene names

Name:	UFGT
Synonyms:	AlUFGT1, AlUFGT2, FlUFGT1, FlUFGT2, ITUFGT1, ITUFGT2, RUUFGT1, RUUFGT2, VVGT1
ORF Names:	GSVIVT00014047001, VITISV_008354

Organism

Vitis vinifera (Grape)

Taxonomic identifier

29760 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › Vitales › Vitaceae › Vitis

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Protein attributes

Sequence length	456 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

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General annotation (Comments)

Function	In the presence of other necessary color factors, this glycosylation reaction allows the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments. Involved in the formation of red wine pigments. Can use UDP-Glc, UDP-5SGlc, UDP-Xyl, UDP-Man, UDP-Gal, UDP-GlcNAc, GDP-Glc, dTDP-Glc and dTDP-Xyl as sugar donor, but not UDP-6OMeGal, UDP-Ara, UDP-6FGal, UDP-GlcN, UDP-2FGal, UDP-5SAra, GDP-Man, GDPFuc, UDP-Fuc or UDP-Rha. Cyanidin is the natural acceptor, but quercitin and kaempferol can also be glucosylated.
Catalytic activity	UDP-D-glucose + an anthocyanidin = UDP + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside.
Enzyme regulation	Inhibited by Mn²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Ref.1
Pathway	Pigment biosynthesis; anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Tissue specificity	Detected only in berry skin. Ref.7
Induction	By light. Ref.6
Miscellaneous	The expression of UFGT is not detected in white grapes.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.
Biophysicochemical properties	Kinetic parameters: K_M=679 µM for UDP-Glc (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=300 µM for dTDP-Glc (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=166 µM for UDP-5SGlc (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=194 µM for UDP-GlcNAc (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=48.2 µM for UDP-Gal (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=50.1 µM for UDP-Man (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=167 µM for GDP-Glc (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=166 µM for dTDP-Xyl (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=219 µM for UDP-Xyl (in the presence of 100 µM quercitin) K_M=30.8 µM for quercitin (in the presence of UDP-Glc) K_M=42.3 µM for kaempferol (in the presence of UDP-Glc) K_M=30 µM for cyanidin (in the presence of UDP-Glc) K_M=16 µM for delphinidin (in the presence of UDP-Glc) K_M=35.7 µM for malvidin (in the presence of UDP-Glc) V_max=18.9 nmol/sec/mg enzyme with quercitin as substrate V_max=905 nmol/sec/mg enzyme with cyanidin as substrate pH dependence: Optimum pH is 8.0.
Sequence caution	The sequence CAA53582.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at positions 307, 309, 341 and 344.

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Ontologies

Keywords
Molecular function	Glycosyltransferase Transferase
Technical term	3D-structure
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	anthocyanin biosynthetic process Ref.8 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process Ref.8 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity Ref.8 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

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Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 456

456

Anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 2

PRO_0000074151

Regions

Region

350 – 358

UDP-D-glucose binding

Region

374 – 375

UDP-D-glucose binding

Compositional bias

32 – 35

Poly-Ala

Sites

Binding site

Substrate

Binding site

UDP-D-glucose

Binding site

Substrate

Binding site

Substrate

Binding site

141

UDP-D-glucose

Binding site

150

Substrate

Binding site

188

Substrate

Binding site

280

UDP-D-glucose

Binding site

306

UDP-D-glucose

Binding site

333

UDP-D-glucose; via amide nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen

Natural variations

Natural variant

Q → Z in strain: cv. Pinot noir.

Natural variant

I → V in strain: cv. Italia, cv. Pinot noir and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

P → A in strain: cv. Pinot noir / PN40024.

Natural variant

T → M in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024, cv. Red Globe and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

134

L → V in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024, cv. Red Globe and cv. Ruby Okuyama. Ref.1

Natural variant

153

I → T in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024, cv. Red Globe and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

161

G → A in cv. Red Globe.

Natural variant

163

S → SG in strain: cv. Pinot noir / PN40024.

Natural variant

255

V → I in strain: cv. Italia, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024 and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

289

V → L in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024, cv. Red Globe and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

293

S → A in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024, cv. Red Globe and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

312

R → S in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Lambrusco Foglia Frastagliata and cv. Muscat of Alexandria.

Natural variant

326

Y → H in cv. Red Globe.

Natural variant

372

F → Y in strain: cv. Pinot noir / PN40024.

Natural variant

385

V → A in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024, cv. Red Globe and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

399 – 400

KS → EN in strain: cv. Flame Muscat and cv. Muscat of Alexandria.

Natural variant

399

K → E in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024 and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Natural variant

423

R → G in strain: cv. Pinot noir / PN40024.

Natural variant

444

I → K in strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Lambrusco Foglia Frastagliata, cv. Muscat of Alexandria, cv. Pinot noir, cv. Pinot noir / PN40024, cv. Red Globe and cv. Ruby Okuyama.

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

H → A: Loss of catalytic activity. Ref.8

Mutagenesis

141

T → A: 6-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency. Ref.8

Mutagenesis

374

D → A: Loss of catalytic activity. Ref.8

Mutagenesis

375

Q → H: Loss of catalytic activity. Ref.8

Mutagenesis

375

Q → N: Impaired catalytic activity. Ref.8

Sequence conflict

134

L → V in AAB81682. Ref.1

Sequence conflict

134

L → V Ref.8

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Sequences

Sequence

Length

Mass (Da)

Tools

P51094-1 [UniParc].

Last modified October 13, 2009. Version 2.
Checksum: 60BF6A70A3D17ABC
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FASTA

456

50,150

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MSQTTTNPHV AVLAFPFSTH AAPLLAVVRR LAAAAPHAVF SFFSTSQSNA SIFHDSMHTM 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
QCNIKSYDIS DGVPEGYVFA GRPQEDIELF TRAAPESFRQ GMVMAVAETG RPVSCLVADA 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
FIWFAADMAA EMGLAWLPFW TAGPNSLSTH VYIDEIREKI GVSGIQGRED ELLNFIPGMS 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
KVRFRDLQEG IVFGNLNSLF SRMLHRMGQV LPKATAVFIN SFEELDDSLT NDLKSKLKTY 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LNIGPFNLIT PPPVVPNTTG CLQWLKERKP TSVVYISFGT VTTPPPAEVV ALSEALEASR 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
VPFIWSLRDK ARVHLPEGFL EKTRGYGMVV PWAPQAEVLA HEAVGAFVTH CGWNSLWESV 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
AGGVPLICRP FFGDQRLNGR MVEDVLEIGV RIEGGVFTKS GLMSCFDQIL SQEKGKKLRE 

       430        440        450 
NLRALRETAD RAVGPKGSST ENFITLVDLV SKPKDV

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References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning and characterization of Vitis vinifera UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, a homologue of the enzyme encoded by the maize Bronze-1 locus that may primarily serve to glucosylate anthocyanidins in vivo." Ford C.M., Boss P.K., Hoj P.B. J. Biol. Chem. 273:9224-9233(1998) [PubMed: 9535914] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], ENZYME REGULATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, VARIANT VAL-134. Strain: cv. Shiraz. Tissue: Fruit.
[2]	"Comparison of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene sequences between white grapes (Vitis vinifera) and their sports with red skin." Kobayashi S., Ishimaru M., Ding C.K., Yakushiji H., Goto N. Plant Sci. 160:543-550(2001) [PubMed: 11166442] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Flame Muscat, cv. Italia, cv. Muscat of Alexandria and cv. Ruby Okuyama.
[3]	"Molecular cloning of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene from Vitis vinifera Red Globe." Cheng J.H., Wu J., Yang F.C. Submitted (APR-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Red Globe.
[4]	"The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla." Jaillon O., Aury J.-M., Noel B., Policriti A., Clepet C., Casagrande A., Choisne N., Aubourg S., Vitulo N., Jubin C., Vezzi A., Legeai F., Hugueney P., Dasilva C., Horner D., Mica E., Jublot D., Poulain J. Wincker P. Nature 449:463-467(2007) [PubMed: 17721507] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Pinot noir / PN40024.
[5]	"A high quality draft consensus sequence of the genome of a heterozygous grapevine variety." Velasco R., Zharkikh A., Troggio M., Cartwright D.A., Cestaro A., Pruss D., Pindo M., FitzGerald L.M., Vezzulli S., Reid J., Malacarne G., Iliev D., Coppola G., Wardell B., Micheletti D., Macalma T., Facci M., Mitchell J.T. Viola R. PLoS ONE 2:E1326-E1326(2007) [PubMed: 18094749] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Pinot noir.
[6]	"Cloning and molecular analysis of structural genes involved in flavonoid and stilbene biosynthesis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.)." Sparvoli F., Martin C., Scienza A., Gavazzi G., Tonelli C. Plant Mol. Biol. 24:743-755(1994) [PubMed: 8193299] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 303-456, INDUCTION. Strain: cv. Lambrusco Foglia Frastagliata.
[7]	"Expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes in red and white grapes." Boss P.K., Davies C., Robinson S.P. Plant Mol. Biol. 32:565-569(1996) [PubMed: 8980508] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]	"Structure of a flavonoid glucosyltransferase reveals the basis for plant natural product modification." Offen W., Martinez-Fleites C., Yang M., Kiat-Lim E., Davis B.G., Tarling C.A., Ford C.M., Bowles D.J., Davies G.J. EMBO J. 25:1396-1405(2006) [PubMed: 16482224] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.9 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH UDP-GLUCOSE-DERIVED DONOR AND KAEMPFEROL OR IN COMPLEX WITH UDP AND QUERCETIN, MUTAGENESIS OF HIS-20; THR-141; ASP-374 AND GLN-375, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

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Cross-references

Sequence databases

AF000371 mRNA. Translation: AAB81682.1.
AF000372 mRNA. Translation: AAB81683.1.
AB047092 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41019.1.
AB047093 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41020.1.
AB047094 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41021.1.
AB047095 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41022.1.
AB047096 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41023.1.
AB047097 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41024.1.
AB047098 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41025.1.
AB047099 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB41026.1.
DQ513314 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABF59818.1.
CU459227 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAO62201.1.
AM472935 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAN61846.1.
X75968 mRNA. Translation: CAA53582.1. Frameshift.

UniGene

Vvi.17

3D structure databases

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2C1X	X-ray	1.90	A	1-456	[»]
2C1Z	X-ray	1.90	A	1-456	[»]
2C9Z	X-ray	2.10	A	1-456	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Protein family/group databases

CAZy

GT1. Glycosyltransferase Family 1.

Genome annotation databases

GenomeReviews

Gene locus UFGT in contig CU462753_GR.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR002213. UDP_glucos_trans.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR11926. UDP_glucos_trans. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF00201. UDPGT. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PROSITE

PS00375. UDPGT. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

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Entry information

Entry name

UFOG_VITVI

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P51094
Secondary accession number(s): A5BVQ6

Q9AR45

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1996
Last sequence update:	October 13, 2009
Last modified:	December 15, 2009
This is version 46 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

PPAP (Plant Proteome Annotation Project)

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Relevant documents

PATHWAY comments

Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families