Protein phosphatase 2C 37 - Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Preferred order of sections

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Protein phosphatase 2C 37
Short name=AtPP2C37
EC=3.1.3.16

Alternative name(s):
Protein ABA-HYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION 3
Protein phosphatase 2C A
Short name=PP2CA

Gene names

Name:	PP2CA
Synonyms:	AHG3
Ordered Locus Names:	At3g11410
ORF Names:	F24K9.8

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	399 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Major negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses during seed germination and cold acclimation. Confers insensitivity to ABA. Modulates negatively the AKT2/3 activity, which mediates K⁺ transport and membrane polarization during stress situations, probably by dephosphorylation. Prevent stomata closure by inactivating the S-type anion efflux channel SLAC1 and its activator SRK2E. Ref.5 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.16
Catalytic activity	A phosphoprotein + H₂O = a protein + phosphate.
Cofactor	Binds 2 magnesium or manganese ions per subunit By similarity.
Enzyme regulation	Repressed by PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors in an ABA-dependent manner. Ref.17
Subunit structure	Interacts with AKT2/AKT3. Interacts with ABA-bounded PYR1, PYL1, PYL2, PYL3, PYL4, PYL9 and PYL12, and with free PYL2, PYL3 and PYL4. Binds to and inactivates SLAC1 and SRK2E. The inactivation of SRK2E does not require phosphatase activity. Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.16 Ref.17
Tissue specificity	Mostly expressed in seeds and leaves, and, to a lower extent, in roots, stems, and flowers, particularly in siliques. Essentially found in the phloem. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.11 Ref.13
Induction	Repressed by MYB44. Induced by cold stress, drought, high salt, and ABA. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.17
Domain	The 'lock' site stabilizes the complex made of PP2C, ABA and PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor by keeping receptor 'gate' and 'latch' loops in closed positions By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the PP2C family. Contains 1 PP2C-like domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Abscisic acid signaling pathway
Ligand	Magnesium Manganese Metal-binding
Molecular function	Hydrolase Protein phosphatase
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.11. Source: TAIR negative regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.11 Ref.12. Source: TAIR negative regulation of anion channel activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.16. Source: UniProtKB protein dephosphorylation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro regulation of stomatal movement Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.12. Source: TAIR response to cold Inferred from expression pattern Ref.10. Source: TAIR response to water deprivation Inferred from expression pattern Ref.12 PubMed 18552355. Source: TAIR
Cellular_component	cytosol Inferred from direct assay PubMed 22198272. Source: TAIR nucleus Inferred from direct assay PubMed 22198272. Source: TAIR
Molecular_function	metal ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.11. Source: TAIR
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
AKT2	Q38898	5	EBI-1764934,EBI-1552774

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 399

399

Protein phosphatase 2C 37

PRO_0000057769

Regions

Domain

103 – 382

280

PP2C-like

Sites

Metal binding

142

1

Manganese 1 By similarity

Metal binding

142

1

Manganese 2 By similarity

Metal binding

143

1

Manganese 1; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity

Metal binding

327

1

Manganese 2 By similarity

Metal binding

380

1

Manganese 2 By similarity

Site

280

1

Lock By similarity

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

139

1

G → D: Loss of phosphatase activity. Loss of kinase activity but intact binding and repression of SRK2E; when associated with D-145. Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.16

Mutagenesis

145

1

G → D: Insensitive to ABA and loss of phosphatase activity. Loss of kinase activity but intact binding and repression of SRK2E; when associated with D-139. Ref.5 Ref.11 Ref.16

Mutagenesis

287

1

G → E in ahg3-1; hypersensitivity to ABA during seed germination, and loss of phosphatase activity. Ref.11

Sequences

Sequence

Length

Mass (Da)

Tools

P49598 [UniParc].

Last modified February 1, 1996. Version 1.
Checksum: 83B82E32FEC71D4D
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FASTA

399

43,350

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAGICCGVVG ETEPAAPVDS TSRASLRRRL DLLPSIKIVA DSAVAPPLEN CRKRQKRETV 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
VLSTLPGNLD LDSNVRSENK KARSAVTNSN SVTEAESFFS DVPKIGTTSV CGRRRDMEDA 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
VSIHPSFLQR NSENHHFYGV FDGHGCSHVA EKCRERLHDI VKKEVEVMAS DEWTETMVKS 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
FQKMDKEVSQ RECNLVVNGA TRSMKNSCRC ELQSPQCDAV GSTAVVSVVT PEKIIVSNCG 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
DSRAVLCRNG VAIPLSVDHK PDRPDELIRI QQAGGRVIYW DGARVLGVLA MSRAIGDNYL 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
KPYVIPDPEV TVTDRTDEDE CLILASDGLW DVVPNETACG VARMCLRGAG AGDDSDAAHN 

       370        380        390 
ACSDAALLLT KLALARQSSD NVSVVVVDLR KRRNNQASS

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References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning of cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana that encode putative protein phosphatase 2C and a human Dr1-like protein by transformation of a fission yeast mutant." Kuromori T., Yamamoto M. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:5296-5301(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Salanoubat M., Lemcke K., Rieger M., Ansorge W., Unseld M., Fartmann B., Valle G., Bloecker H., Perez-Alonso M., Obermaier B., Delseny M., Boutry M., Grivell L.A., Mache R., Puigdomenech P., De Simone V., Choisne N., Artiguenave F. Tabata S. Nature 408:820-822(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Mutational analysis of protein phosphatase 2C involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in higher plants." Sheen J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:975-980(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-139 AND GLY-145.
[6]	"The AKT3 potassium channel protein interacts with the AtPP2CA protein phosphatase 2C." Vranova E., Taehtiharju S., Sriprang R., Willekens H., Heino P., Palva E.T., Inze D., Van Camp W. J. Exp. Bot. 52:181-182(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH AKT2/AKT3.
[7]	"Antisense inhibition of protein phosphatase 2C accelerates cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana." Taehtiharju S., Palva T. Plant J. 26:461-470(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
[8]	"Physical and functional interaction of the Arabidopsis K(+) channel AKT2 and phosphatase AtPP2CA." Cherel I., Michard E., Platet N., Mouline K., Alcon C., Sentenac H., Thibaud J.-B. Plant Cell 14:1133-1146(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-139, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION BY ABA, INTERACTION WITH AKT2/AKT3.
[9]	"Plant PP2C phosphatases: emerging functions in stress signaling." Schweighofer A., Hirt H., Meskiene I. Trends Plant Sci. 9:236-243(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE.
[10]	"The Arabidopsis cold-responsive transcriptome and its regulation by ICE1." Lee B.-H., Henderson D.A., Zhu J.-K. Plant Cell 17:3155-3175(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY COLD STRESS.
[11]	"ABA-hypersensitive germination3 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C (AtPP2CA) that strongly regulates abscisic acid signaling during germination among Arabidopsis protein phosphatase 2Cs." Yoshida T., Nishimura N., Kitahata N., Kuromori T., Ito T., Asami T., Shinozaki K., Hirayama T. Plant Physiol. 140:115-126(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION BY ABA, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-145 AND GLY-287, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[12]	"The protein phosphatase AtPP2CA negatively regulates abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis, and effects of abh1 on AtPP2CA mRNA." Kuhn J.M., Boisson-Dernier A., Dizon M.B., Maktabi M.H., Schroeder J.I. Plant Physiol. 140:127-139(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION.
[13]	"ABA-Hypersensitive Germination1 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C, an essential component of abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis seed." Nishimura N., Yoshida T., Kitahata N., Asami T., Shinozaki K., Hirayama T. Plant J. 50:935-949(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION BY ABA, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[14]	"Genome-wide and expression analysis of protein phosphatase 2C in rice and Arabidopsis." Xue T., Wang D., Zhang S., Ehlting J., Ni F., Jacab S., Zheng C., Zhong Y. BMC Genomics 9:550-550(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE.
[15]	"Overexpression of AtMYB44 enhances stomatal closure to confer abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis." Jung C., Seo J.S., Han S.W., Koo Y.J., Kim C.H., Song S.I., Nahm B.H., Choi Y.D., Cheong J.-J. Plant Physiol. 146:623-635(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY MYB44 AND SALT.
[16]	"A protein kinase-phosphatase pair interacts with an ion channel to regulate ABA signaling in plant guard cells." Lee S.C., Lan W., Buchanan B.B., Luan S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:21419-21424(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH SLAC1 AND SRK2E/OST1, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-139 AND GLY-145.
[17]	"Abscisic acid inhibits type 2C protein phosphatases via the PYR/PYL family of START proteins." Park S.-Y., Fung P., Nishimura N., Jensen D.R., Fujii H., Zhao Y., Lumba S., Santiago J., Rodrigues A., Chow T.F., Alfred S.E., Bonetta D., Finkelstein R., Provart N.J., Desveaux D., Rodriguez P.L., McCourt P., Zhu J.-K. , Schroeder J.I., Volkman B.F., Cutler S.R. Science 324:1068-1071(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PYR1; PYL1; PYL2; PYL3; PYL4; PYL9 AND PYL12, ENZYME REGULATION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	D38109 mRNA. Translation: BAA07287.1. AC008153 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG51448.1. CP002686 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE75044.1. AY074368 mRNA. Translation: AAL67064.1. AY091391 mRNA. Translation: AAM14330.1.
IPI	IPI00520901.
PIR	S55457.
RefSeq	NP_187748.1. NM_111974.3.
UniGene	At.20739.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P49598.
SMR	P49598. Positions 102-390.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP-40197N.
IntAct	P49598. 8 interactions.
STRING	3702.AT3G11410.1-P.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P49598.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT3G11410.1; AT3G11410.1; AT3G11410.
GeneID	820314.
KEGG	ath:AT3G11410.
Organism-specific databases
TAIR	At3g11410.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0631.
HOGENOM	HOG000233896.
InParanoid	P49598.
KO	K14497.
OMA	VMASDEW.
PhylomeDB	P49598.
ProtClustDB	CLSN2914762.
Gene expression databases
Genevestigator	P49598.
GermOnline	AT3G11410. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	3.60.40.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR001932. PP2C-like. IPR000222. PP2C_Mn2_Asp60_BS. IPR015655. Protein_Pase_2C. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR13832. PTHR13832. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00481. PP2C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00331. PP2C_SIG. 1 hit. SM00332. PP2Cc. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF81606. PP2C-related. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS01032. PP2C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

P2C37_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P49598

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	February 1, 1996
Last sequence update:	February 1, 1996
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 104 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program

Relevant documents

Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Preferred order of sections

Names and origin

Protein attributes

General annotation (Comments)

Ontologies

Binary interactions

With

Entry

#Exp.

IntAct

Notes

Sequence annotation (Features)

Molecule processing

Regions

Sites

Experimental info

Sequences

References

Cross-references

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

Entry information

Relevant documents