Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P49588 (SYAC_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic
    EC=6.1.1.7
Alternative name(s):
    Alanine--tRNA ligase
      Short name=AlaRS
    Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-42

Gene names

Name:

AARS

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	968 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Catalytic activity	ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala).
Subunit structure	Monomer.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm Potential.
Domain	The C-terminal C-Ala domain (residues 756 to 968), along with tRNA(Ala), serves as a bridge to cooperatively bring together the editing and aminoacylation centers thus stimulating deacylation of misacylated tRNAs. The human domain can be used in vitro to replace the corresponding domain in E.coli. Ref.12
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Protein biosynthesis
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	ATP-binding Nucleotide-binding RNA-binding tRNA-binding
Molecular function	Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase Ligase
PTM	Acetylation Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc tRNA processing Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Cellular component	cytoplasm Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc soluble fraction Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Molecular function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW alanine-tRNA ligase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC tRNA binding Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 968	968	Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic		PRO_0000075281
Regions
	Region	1 – 497	497	Catalytic By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	1	1	N-acetylmethionine Ref.6 Ref.11
	Modified residue	19	1	N6-acetyllysine Ref.13
	Modified residue	555	1	Phosphoserine Ref.9
	Modified residue	578	1	Phosphothreonine Ref.8
	Modified residue	580	1	Phosphotyrosine Ref.8
	Modified residue	876	1	N6-acetyllysine Ref.13
Natural variations
	Natural variant	275	1	G → D: dbSNP rs11537667.		VAR_028204
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	82	1	H → Q in BAA06808. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	867	1	S → T in BAD96544. Ref.2

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P49588-1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 3, 2006. Version 2. Checksum: 8683F111CEE42506	FASTA	968	106,810
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MDSTLTASEI RQRFIDFFKR NEHTYVHSSA TIPLDDPTLL FANAGMNQFK PIFLNTIDPS 70 80 90 100 110 120 HPMAKLSRAA NTQKCIRAGG KHNDLDDVGK DVYHHTFFEM LGSWSFGDYF KELACKMALE 130 140 150 160 170 180 LLTQEFGIPI ERLYVTYFGG DEAAGLEADL ECKQIWQNLG LDDTKILPGN MKDNFWEMGD 190 200 210 220 230 240 TGPCGPCSEI HYDRIGGRDA AHLVNQDDPN VLEIWNLVFI QYNREADGIL KPLPKKSIDT 250 260 270 280 290 300 GMGLERLVSV LQNKMSNYDT DLFVPYFEAI QKGTGARPYT GKVGAEDADG IDMAYRVLAD 310 320 330 340 350 360 HARTITVALA DGGRPDNTGR GYVLRRILRR AVRYAHEKLN ASRGFFATLV DVVVQSLGDA 370 380 390 400 410 420 FPELKKDPDM VKDIINEEEV QFLKTLSRGR RILDRKIQSL GDSKTIPGDT AWLLYDTYGF 430 440 450 460 470 480 PVDLTGLIAE EKGLVVDMDG FEEERKLAQL KSQGKGAGGE DLIMLDIYAI EELRARGLEV 490 500 510 520 530 540 TDDSPKYNYH LDSSGSYVFE NTVATVMALR REKMFVEEVS TGQECGVVLD KTCFYAEQGG 550 560 570 580 590 600 QIYDEGYLVK VDDSSEDKTE FTVKNAQVRG GYVLHIGTIY GDLKVGDQVW LFIDEPRRRP 610 620 630 640 650 660 IMSNHTATHI LNFALRSVLG EADQKGSLVA PDRLRFDFTA KGAMSTQQIK KAEEIANEMI 670 680 690 700 710 720 EAAKAVYTQD CPLAAAKAIQ GLRAVFDETY PDPVRVVSIG VPVSELLDDP SGPAGSLTSV 730 740 750 760 770 780 EFCGGTHLRN SSHAGAFVIV TEEAIAKGIR RIVAVTGAEA QKALRKAESL KKCLSVMEAK 790 800 810 820 830 840 VKAQTAPNKD VQREIADLGE ALATAVIPQW QKDELRETLK SLKKVMDDLD RASKADVQKR 850 860 870 880 890 900 VLEKTKQFID SNPNQPLVIL EMESGASAKA LNEALKLFKM HSPQTSAMLF TVDNEAGKIT 910 920 930 940 950 960 CLCQVPQNAA NRGLKASEWV QQVSGLMDGK GGGKDVSAQA TGKNVGCLQE ALQLATSFAQ LRLGDVKN

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Human alanyl-tRNA synthetase: conservation in evolution of catalytic core and microhelix recognition." Shiba K., Ripmaster T.L., Suzuki N., Nichols R., Plotz P., Noda T., Schimmel P. Biochemistry 34:10340-10349(1995) [PubMed: 7654687] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	Suzuki Y., Sugano S., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Liver.
[3]	"The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16." Martin J., Han C., Gordon L.A., Terry A., Prabhakar S., She X., Xie G., Hellsten U., Chan Y.M., Altherr M., Couronne O., Aerts A., Bajorek E., Black S., Blumer H., Branscomb E., Brown N.C., Bruno W.J. , Buckingham J.M., Callen D.F., Campbell C.S., Campbell M.L., Campbell E.W., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chasteen L.A., Chertkov O., Chi H.C., Christensen M., Clark L.M., Cohn J.D., Denys M., Detter J.C., Dickson M., Dimitrijevic-Bussod M., Escobar J., Fawcett J.J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Goodwin L.A., Grady D.L., Grigoriev I., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Hildebrand C.E., Huang W., Israni S., Jett J., Jewett P.B., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Krawczyk M.-C., Leyba T., Longmire J.L., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S., Ludeman T., Manohar C.F., Mark G.A., McMurray K.L., Meincke L.J., Morgan J., Moyzis R.K., Mundt M.O., Munk A.C., Nandkeshwar R.D., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Parson-Quintana B., Ramirez L., Rash S., Retterer J., Ricke D.O., Robinson D.L., Rodriguez A., Salamov A., Saunders E.H., Scott D., Shough T., Stallings R.L., Stalvey M., Sutherland R.D., Tapia R., Tesmer J.G., Thayer N., Thompson L.S., Tice H., Torney D.C., Tran-Gyamfi M., Tsai M., Ulanovsky L.E., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., White P.S., Williams A.L., Wills P.L., Wu J.-R., Wu K., Yang J., DeJong P., Bruce D., Doggett N.A., Deaven L., Schmutz J., Grimwood J., Richardson P., Rokhsar D.S., Eichler E.E., Gilna P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M., Pennacchio L.A. Nature 432:988-994(2004) [PubMed: 15616553] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Placenta.
[6]	Bienvenut W.V., Glen H., Brunton V.G., Frame M.C. Submitted (JUL-2007) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 1-11; 304-320 AND 684-695, ACETYLATION AT MET-1, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Osteosarcoma.
[7]	"Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma." Scanlan M.J., Gordan J.D., Williamson B., Stockert E., Bander N.H., Jongeneel C.V., Gure A.O., Jaeger D., Jaeger E., Knuth A., Chen Y.-T., Old L.J. Int. J. Cancer 83:456-464(1999) [PubMed: 10508479] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION AS A RENAL CANCER ANTIGEN. Tissue: Renal cell carcinoma.
[8]	"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed: 17081983] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-578 AND TYR-580, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Epithelium.
[9]	"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-555, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[10]	Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[11]	"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach." Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S. Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed: 19413330] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT MET-1, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[12]	"The C-Ala domain brings together editing and aminoacylation functions on one tRNA." Guo M., Chong Y.E., Beebe K., Shapiro R., Yang X.-L., Schimmel P. Science 325:744-747(2009) [PubMed: 19661429] [Abstract] Cited for: DOMAIN EXCHANGE EXPERIMENTS.
[13]	"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions." Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T., Olsen J.V., Mann M. Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed: 19608861] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-19 AND LYS-876, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	D32050 mRNA. Translation: BAA06808.1. AK222824 mRNA. Translation: BAD96544.1. AC012184 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471241 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW51839.1. BC011451 mRNA. Translation: AAH11451.1.
IPI	IPI00027442.
PIR	I60107.
RefSeq	NP_001596.2.
UniGene	Hs.315137
3D structure databases
SMR	P49588. Positions 4-453, 523-754.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	P49588.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P49588.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P49588.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000261772; ENSP00000261772; ENSG00000090861; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID	16.
KEGG	hsa:16.
UCSC	uc002eyn.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	16.
GeneCards	GC16M068843.
H-InvDB	HIX0021867.
HGNC	HGNC:20. AARS.
MIM	601065. gene.
PharmGKB	PA24367.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG13460.
HOVERGEN	P49588.
InParanoid	P49588.
PhylomeDB	P49588.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	6.1.1.7. 247.
Reactome	REACT_71. Gene Expression.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P49588.
Bgee	P49588.
CleanEx	HS_AARS.
Genevestigator	P49588.
GermOnline	ENSG00000090861. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR002318. Ala-tRNA-synth_IIc. IPR018162. Ala-tRNA-synth_IIc_anticod-bd. IPR018165. Ala-tRNA-synth_IIc_core. IPR018164. Ala-tRNA-synth_IIc_N. IPR003156. Pesterase_DHHA1. IPR018163. Thr/Ala-tRNA-synth_IIc_edit. IPR012947. tRNA_SAD. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF02272. DHHA1. 1 hit. PF01411. tRNA-synt_2c. 1 hit. PF07973. tRNA_SAD. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00980. TRNASYNTHALA.
SMART	SM00863. tRNA_SAD. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
TIGRFAMs	TIGR00344. alaS. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50860. AA_TRNA_LIGASE_II_ALA. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
DrugBank	DB00160. L-Alanine.
NextBio	39.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

SYAC_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P49588
Secondary accession number(s): A6NF14, Q53GV7, Q96FA0

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	February 1, 1996
Last sequence update:	October 3, 2006
Last modified:	February 9, 2010
This is version 90 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.