P47710 (CASA1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Alpha-S1-casein

Cleaved into the following chain:

1. Casoxin-D

Gene names

Name:	CSN1S1
Synonyms:	CASA, CSN1

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	185 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Important role in the capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate. Casoxin D acts as opioid antagonist and has vasorelaxing activity mediated by bradykinin B1 receptors.
Subunit structure	Heteromultimers of alpha-s1 casein and kappa-casein; disulfide-linked.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Mammary gland specific. Secreted in milk.
Post-translational modification	Not glycosylated. Ref.12
Miscellaneous	In milk, the alpha s1- and beta-caseins precipitate in presence of calcium (so-called calcium-sensitive caseins). Kappa-casein prevents the precipitation of the other caseins by calcium through the formation of large stable colloidal particles termed micelles.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the alpha-casein family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Milk protein
PTM	Disulfide bond Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Cellular_component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	transporter activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: P47710-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: P47710-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     52-52: Missing.

Isoform 3 (identifier: P47710-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     66-73: Missing.

Isoform 4 (identifier: P47710-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     52-52: Missing.
     93-100: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 15	15	Ref.8 Ref.9
	Chain	16 – 185	170	Alpha-S1-casein		PRO_0000004450
	Peptide	158 – 164	7	Casoxin-D		PRO_0000004451
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	31	1	Phosphoserine Ref.11
	Modified residue	33	1	Phosphoserine Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12
	Modified residue	41	1	Phosphoserine Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14
	Modified residue	71	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Modified residue	86	1	Phosphoserine Ref.11
	Modified residue	88	1	Phosphoserine Ref.10 Ref.11
	Modified residue	89	1	Phosphoserine Ref.11
	Modified residue	90	1	Phosphoserine Ref.10 Ref.11
	Modified residue	91	1	Phosphoserine Ref.11
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	52	1	Missing in isoform 2 and isoform 4.		VSP_000795
	Alternative sequence	66 – 73	8	Missing in isoform 3.		VSP_000796
	Alternative sequence	93 – 100	8	Missing in isoform 4.		VSP_046130
	Natural variant	117	1	A → V. Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs10030475 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_048614
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	80	1	P → S in AAY68392. Ref.3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified February 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: A7717899CDC7D563	FASTA	185	21,671
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MRLLILTCLV AVALARPKLP LRYPERLQNP SESSEPIPLE SREEYMNGMN RQRNILREKQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 TDEIKDTRNE STQNCVVAEP EKMESSISSS SEEMSLSKCA EQFCRLNEYN QLQLQAAHAQ 130 140 150 160 170 180 EQIRRMNENS HVQVPFQQLN QLAAYPYAVW YYPQIMQYVP FPPFSDISNP TAHENYEKNN VMLQW
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: 9427BB3C275D7B86	FASTA	184	21,543
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MRLLILTCLV AVALARPKLP LRYPERLQNP SESSEPIPLE SREEYMNGMN RRNILREKQT 70 80 90 100 110 120 DEIKDTRNES TQNCVVAEPE KMESSISSSS EEMSLSKCAE QFCRLNEYNQ LQLQAAHAQE 130 140 150 160 170 180 QIRRMNENSH VQVPFQQLNQ LAAYPYAVWY YPQIMQYVPF PPFSDISNPT AHENYEKNNV MLQW
	Isoform 3 [UniParc]. Checksum: CF67025C444CC8CF	FASTA	177	20,740
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MRLLILTCLV AVALARPKLP LRYPERLQNP SESSEPIPLE SREEYMNGMN RQRNILREKQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 TDEIKNCVVA EPEKMESSIS SSSEEMSLSK CAEQFCRLNE YNQLQLQAAH AQEQIRRMNE 130 140 150 160 170 NSHVQVPFQQ LNQLAAYPYA VWYYPQIMQY VPFPPFSDIS NPTAHENYEK NNVMLQW
	Isoform 4 [UniParc]. Checksum: 1E03F910FA37C369	FASTA	176	20,693
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MRLLILTCLV AVALARPKLP LRYPERLQNP SESSEPIPLE SREEYMNGMN RRNILREKQT 70 80 90 100 110 120 DEIKDTRNES TQNCVVAEPE KMESSISSSS EEQFCRLNEY NQLQLQAAHA QEQIRRMNEN 130 140 150 160 170 SHVQVPFQQL NQLAAYPYAV WYYPQIMQYV PFPPFSDISN PTAHENYEKN NVMLQW

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Characterization of three types of human alpha s1-casein mRNA transcripts." Johnsen L.B., Rasmussen L.K., Petersen T.E., Berglund L. Biochem. J. 309:237-242(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 3). Tissue: Mammary gland.
[2]	Yu D.Y., Jeong S., Lee K.K., Lonnerdal B. Submitted (MAR-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Mammary gland.
[3]	Lin L., Nong W., Zhou G., Ke R., Shen C., Zhong G., Zheng Z., Liang M., Wen S., Li H., Yang S. Submitted (MAY-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 4).
[4]	"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4." Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. , Sun H., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Carter J., Cordes M., Harris A., Isak A., van Brunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P., Abbott S., Armstrong J., Belter E.A., Caruso L., Cedroni M., Cotton M., Davidson T., Desai A., Elliott G., Erb T., Fronick C., Gaige T., Haakenson W., Haglund K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Kim K., Kruchowski S.S., Strong C.M., Grewal N., Goyea E., Hou S., Levy A., Martinka S., Mead K., McLellan M.D., Meyer R., Randall-Maher J., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Shah N., Swearengen-Shahid S., Snider J., Strong J.T., Thompson J., Yoakum M., Leonard S., Pearman C., Trani L., Radionenko M., Waligorski J.E., Wang C., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Maupin R., Latreille P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Pohl C., Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Berkowicz N., Nelson J.O., Osborne J., Ding L., Meyer R., Sabo A., Shotland Y., Sinha P., Wohldmann P.E., Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Jones T.A., She X., Ciccarelli F.D., Izaurralde E., Taylor J., Schmutz J., Myers R.M., Cox D.R., Huang X., McPherson J.D., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Warren W.C., Chinwalla A.T., Eddy S.R., Marra M.A., Ovcharenko I., Furey T.S., Miller W., Eichler E.E., Bork P., Suyama M., Torrents D., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K. Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT VAL-117.
[7]	"The gene encoding alpha s1-casein is expressed in human mammary epithelial cells during lactation." Martin P., Brignon G., Furet J.-P., Leroux C. Lait 76:525-537(1996) Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 9-185 (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 3).
[8]	"Human alpha S1-casein like protein: purification and N-terminal sequence determination." Cavaletto M., Cantisani A., Giuffrida G., Napolitano L., Conti A. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 375:149-151(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 16-29.
[9]	"Human alpha s1-casein: purification and characterization." Rasmussen L.K., Due H.A., Petersen T.E. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 111B:75-81(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 16-29 AND 99-105, CHARACTERIZATION.
[10]	"On studying protein phosphorylation patterns using bottom-up LC-MS/MS: the case of human alpha-casein." Kjeldsen F., Savitski M.M., Nielsen M.L., Shi L., Zubarev R.A. Analyst 132:768-776(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 27-42 AND 83-98, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-33; SER-41; SER-88 AND SER-90, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[11]	"Analysis of the human casein phosphoproteome by 2-D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS reveals new phosphoforms." Poth A.G., Deeth H.C., Alewood P.F., Holland J.W. J. Proteome Res. 7:5017-5027(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-48, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-31; SER-33; SER-41; SER-86; SER-88; SER-89; SER-90 AND SER-91, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[12]	"The phosphorylation pattern of human alphas1-casein is markedly different from the ruminant species." Sorensen E.S., Moller L., Vinther M., Petersen T.E., Rasmussen L.K. Eur. J. Biochem. 270:3651-3655(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-33 AND SER-41, LACK OF GLYCOSYLATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[13]	"Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human casein gene family." Fujiwara Y., Miwa M., Nogami M., Okumura K., Nobori T., Suzuki T., Ueda M. Hum. Genet. 99:368-373(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENOMIC ORGANIZATION, CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION.
[14]	"Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-41, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Of buttons, digestion and glue - Issue 16 of November 2001

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	X78416 mRNA. Translation: CAA55185.1. U23157 mRNA. Translation: AAA69477.1. DQ064604 mRNA. Translation: AAY68392.1. AC108941 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471057 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAX05599.1. BC128227 mRNA. Translation: AAI28228.1. BC128228 mRNA. Translation: AAI28229.1. X98084 mRNA. Translation: CAA66708.1.
IPI	IPI00216119. IPI00328198. IPI00479025. IPI00964081.
PIR	S56013.
RefSeq	NP_001020275.1. NM_001025104.1. NP_001881.1. NM_001890.1.
UniGene	Hs.3155.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P47710.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	P47710. 2 interactions.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000246891.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P47710.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	1345671.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P47710.
PRIDE	P47710.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000246891; ENSP00000246891; ENSG00000126545. ENST00000444405; ENSP00000413157; ENSG00000126545. ENST00000507763; ENSP00000422611; ENSG00000126545.
GeneID	1446.
KEGG	hsa:1446.
UCSC	uc003hep.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	1446.
GeneCards	GC04P070845.
HGNC	HGNC:2445. CSN1S1.
HPA	HPA035659.
MIM	115450. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P47710.
PharmGKB	PA26948.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG73245.
HOGENOM	HOG000115954.
HOVERGEN	HBG005242.
InParanoid	P47710.
OMA	PFSDISN.
OrthoDB	EOG4M0F39.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P47710.
Bgee	P47710.
CleanEx	HS_CSN1S1.
Genevestigator	P47710.
GermOnline	ENSG00000126545. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR026999. Alpha-s1_casein. IPR001588. Casein. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR10240. PTHR10240. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00306. CASEIN_ALPHA_BETA. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	1446.
NextBio	5941.
PMAP-CutDB	P47710.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CASA1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P47710
Secondary accession number(s): A1A510 , A1A511, E9PB60, Q4PNR5

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	February 1, 1996
Last sequence update:	February 1, 1996
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 111 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.