P43652 (AFAM_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Afamin

Alternative name(s):
Alpha-albumin
Short name=Alpha-Alb

Gene names

Name:	AFM
Synonyms:	ALB2, ALBA

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	599 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Vitamin E binding protein. May transport vitamin E in body fluids under conditions where the lipoprotein system is not sufficient. May be involved in the regulation and transport of vitamin E at the blood-brain barrier By similarity. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.13
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	High level detected in plasma but also in extravascular fluids such as follicular and cerebrospinal fluids (at protein level). Ref.8
Post-translational modification	N-glycosylated; more than 90% of the glycans are sialylated. Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family. Contains 3 albumin domains.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Transport
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Repeat Signal
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	vitamin transport Inferred from direct assay Ref.13. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	extracellular space Inferred from direct assay Ref.8Ref.13. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	vitamin E binding Inferred from direct assay Ref.8. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 21	21	Ref.8
	Chain	22 – 599	578	Afamin		PRO_0000001106
Regions
	Domain	22 – 210	189	Albumin 1
	Domain	211 – 403	193	Albumin 2
	Domain	404 – 599	196	Albumin 3
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	33	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14
	Glycosylation	109	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex) Ref.15
	Glycosylation	383	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex) Ref.15
	Glycosylation	402	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex) Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.14 Ref.15
	Glycosylation	488	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.11
	Disulfide bond	77 ↔ 86		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	99 ↔ 114		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	113 ↔ 124		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	148 ↔ 193		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	192 ↔ 201		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	224 ↔ 270		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	269 ↔ 277		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	289 ↔ 303		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	302 ↔ 313		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	340 ↔ 385		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	384 ↔ 393		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	416 ↔ 462		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	461 ↔ 470		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	483 ↔ 499		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	498 ↔ 509		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	536 ↔ 581		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	580 ↔ 589		By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	395	1	R → H. Corresponds to variant rs41265665 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_061003
	Natural variant	404	1	T → S. Corresponds to variant rs2276444 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_048218

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P43652 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1995. Version 1. Checksum: D594E75E20D308AB	FASTA	599	69,069
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKLLKLTGFI FFLFFLTESL TLPTQPRDIE NFNSTQKFIE DNIEYITIIA FAQYVQEATF 70 80 90 100 110 120 EEMEKLVKDM VEYKDRCMAD KTLPECSKLP NNVLQEKICA MEGLPQKHNF SHCCSKVDAQ 130 140 150 160 170 180 RRLCFFYNKK SDVGFLPPFP TLDPEEKCQA YESNRESLLN HFLYEVARRN PFVFAPTLLT 190 200 210 220 230 240 VAVHFEEVAK SCCEEQNKVN CLQTRAIPVT QYLKAFSSYQ KHVCGALLKF GTKVVHFIYI 250 260 270 280 290 300 AILSQKFPKI EFKELISLVE DVSSNYDGCC EGDVVQCIRD TSKVMNHICS KQDSISSKIK 310 320 330 340 350 360 ECCEKKIPER GQCIINSNKD DRPKDLSLRE GKFTDSENVC QERDADPDTF FAKFTFEYSR 370 380 390 400 410 420 RHPDLSIPEL LRIVQIYKDL LRNCCNTENP PGCYRYAEDK FNETTEKSLK MVQQECKHFQ 430 440 450 460 470 480 NLGKDGLKYH YLIRLTKIAP QLSTEELVSL GEKMVTAFTT CCTLSEEFAC VDNLADLVFG 490 500 510 520 530 540 ELCGVNENRT INPAVDHCCK TNFAFRRPCF ESLKADKTYV PPPFSQDLFT FHADMCQSQN 550 560 570 580 590 EELQRKTDRF LVNLVKLKHE LTDEELQSLF TNFANVVDKC CKAESPEVCF NEESPKIGN

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Afamin is a new member of the albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein gene family." Lichenstein H.S., Lyons D.E., Wurfel M.M., Johnson D.A., McGinley M.D., Leidli J.C., Trollinger D.B., Mayer J.P., Wright S.D., Zukowski M.M. J. Biol. Chem. 269:18149-18154(1994) [PubMed: 7517938] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE. Tissue: Liver.
[2]	"Complete structure of the human alpha-albumin gene, a new member of the serum albumin multigene family." Nishio H., Dugaiczyk A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:7557-7561(1996) [PubMed: 8755513] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Heart.
[4]	"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4." Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. , Sun H., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Carter J., Cordes M., Harris A., Isak A., van Brunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P., Abbott S., Armstrong J., Belter E.A., Caruso L., Cedroni M., Cotton M., Davidson T., Desai A., Elliott G., Erb T., Fronick C., Gaige T., Haakenson W., Haglund K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Kim K., Kruchowski S.S., Strong C.M., Grewal N., Goyea E., Hou S., Levy A., Martinka S., Mead K., McLellan M.D., Meyer R., Randall-Maher J., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Shah N., Swearengen-Shahid S., Snider J., Strong J.T., Thompson J., Yoakum M., Leonard S., Pearman C., Trani L., Radionenko M., Waligorski J.E., Wang C., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Maupin R., Latreille P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Pohl C., Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Berkowicz N., Nelson J.O., Osborne J., Ding L., Meyer R., Sabo A., Shotland Y., Sinha P., Wohldmann P.E., Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Jones T.A., She X., Ciccarelli F.D., Izaurralde E., Taylor J., Schmutz J., Myers R.M., Cox D.R., Huang X., McPherson J.D., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Warren W.C., Chinwalla A.T., Eddy S.R., Marra M.A., Ovcharenko I., Furey T.S., Miller W., Eichler E.E., Bork P., Suyama M., Torrents D., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K. Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed: 15815621] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[7]	"Identification of rat alpha-albumin and cDNA cloning of its human ortholog." Allard D., Gilbert S., Lamontagne A., Hamel D., Belanger L. Gene 153:287-288(1995) [PubMed: 7875606] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 1-69; 105-207 AND 560-599. Tissue: Liver.
[8]	"Afamin is a novel human vitamin E-binding glycoprotein characterization and in vitro expression." Jerkovic L., Voegele A.F., Chwatal S., Kronenberg F., Radcliffe C.M., Wormald M.R., Lobentanz E.M., Ezeh B., Eller P., Dejori N., Dieplinger B., Lottspeich F., Sattler W., Uhr M., Mechtler K., Dwek R.A., Rudd P.M., Baier G., Dieplinger H. J. Proteome Res. 4:889-899(2005) [PubMed: 15952736] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 22-45, GLYCOSYLATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, FUNCTION.
[9]	"Characterization of the vitamin E-binding properties of human plasma afamin." Voegele A.F., Jerkovic L., Wellenzohn B., Eller P., Kronenberg F., Liedl K.R., Dieplinger H. Biochemistry 41:14532-14538(2002) [PubMed: 12463752] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]	"Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry." Bunkenborg J., Pilch B.J., Podtelejnikov A.V., Wisniewski J.R. Proteomics 4:454-465(2004) [PubMed: 14760718] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-402, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Plasma.
[11]	"Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry." Liu T., Qian W.-J., Gritsenko M.A., Camp D.G. II, Monroe M.E., Moore R.J., Smith R.D. J. Proteome Res. 4:2070-2080(2005) [PubMed: 16335952] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-33; ASN-402 AND ASN-488, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Plasma.
[12]	"Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry." Ramachandran P., Boontheung P., Xie Y., Sondej M., Wong D.T., Loo J.A. J. Proteome Res. 5:1493-1503(2006) [PubMed: 16740002] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-33, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Saliva.
[13]	"Afamin is synthesized by cerebrovascular endothelial cells and mediates alpha-tocopherol transport across an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier." Kratzer I., Bernhart E., Wintersperger A., Hammer A., Waltl S., Malle E., Sperk G., Wietzorrek G., Dieplinger H., Sattler W. J. Neurochem. 108:707-718(2009) [PubMed: 19046407] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[14]	"Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry." Chen R., Jiang X., Sun D., Han G., Wang F., Ye M., Wang L., Zou H. J. Proteome Res. 8:651-661(2009) [PubMed: 19159218] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-33 AND ASN-402, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Liver.
[15]	"Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification." Nilsson J., Rueetschi U., Halim A., Hesse C., Carlsohn E., Brinkmalm G., Larson G. Nat. Methods 6:809-811(2009) [PubMed: 19838169] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-109; ASN-383 AND ASN-402, STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cerebrospinal fluid.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	L32140 mRNA. Translation: AAA21612.1. U51243 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC50720.1. AK290556 mRNA. Translation: BAF83245.1. AC108157 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC110752 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAY41051.1. CH471057 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAX05682.1. BC109020 mRNA. Translation: AAI09021.1. BC109021 mRNA. Translation: AAI09022.1. L35486 mRNA. Translation: AAA68197.1. L35497 mRNA. Translation: AAA68198.1. L35498 mRNA. Translation: AAA68199.1.
IPI	IPI00019943.
PIR	A54906. I39424. I39426.
RefSeq	NP_001124.1. NM_001133.2.
UniGene	Hs.168718.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P43652.
SMR	P43652. Positions 29-599.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	P43652.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P43652.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	1168366.
Proteomic databases
PeptideAtlas	P43652.
PRIDE	P43652.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000226355; ENSP00000226355; ENSG00000079557.
GeneID	173.
KEGG	hsa:173.
UCSC	uc003hhb.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	173.
GeneCards	GC04P074336.
H-InvDB	HIX0200673.
HGNC	HGNC:316. AFM.
HPA	HPA017006.
MIM	104145. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P43652.
PharmGKB	PA24613.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG15688.
HOGENOM	HBG283181.
HOVERGEN	HBG004207.
InParanoid	P43652.
OMA	EFACVDN.
OrthoDB	EOG46MBJ5.
PhylomeDB	P43652.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P43652.
Bgee	P43652.
CleanEx	HS_AFM.
Genevestigator	P43652.
GermOnline	ENSG00000079557. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001703. Alpha-fetoprotein. IPR000264. Serum_albumin. IPR020858. Serum_albumin-like. IPR020857. Serum_albumin_CS. IPR014760. Serum_albumin_N. IPR021177. Serum_albumin_subgr. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00273. Serum_albumin. 3 hits. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF002520. Serum_albumin_subgroup. 1 hit.
PRINTS	PR00803. AFETOPROTEIN. PR00802. SERUMALBUMIN.
SMART	SM00103. ALBUMIN. 3 hits. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF48552. Serum_albumin. 3 hits.
PROSITE	PS00212. ALBUMIN_1. 3 hits. PS51438. ALBUMIN_2. 3 hits. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	694.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

AFAM_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P43652
Secondary accession number(s): A8K3E1, Q32MR3, Q4W5C5

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1995
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1995
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 101 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.