ID TYRP2_HUMAN Reviewed; 519 AA. AC P40126; Q09GT4; DT 01-FEB-1995, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-FEB-1995, sequence version 1. DT 24-JAN-2024, entry version 199. DE RecName: Full=L-dopachrome tautomerase {ECO:0000305}; DE Short=DCT; DE Short=DT; DE EC=5.3.3.12 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29812}; DE AltName: Full=L-dopachrome Delta-isomerase; DE AltName: Full=Tyrosinase-related protein 2; DE Short=TRP-2; DE Short=TRP2; DE Flags: Precursor; GN Name=DCT {ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:2709}; Synonyms=TYRP2; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RX PubMed=8148378; DOI=10.1016/0167-4781(94)90292-5; RA Yokoyama K., Suzuki H., Yasumoto K.I., Tomita Y., Shibahara S.; RT "Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a cDNA coding for human RT DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein-2."; RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1217:317-321(1994). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RX PubMed=8206391; DOI=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90114-7; RA Cassady J.L., Sturm R.A.; RT "Sequence of the human dopachrome tautomerase-encoding TRP-2 cDNA."; RL Gene 143:295-298(1994). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND FUNCTION. RX PubMed=8306979; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19922.x; RA Bouchard B., del Marmol V., Jackson I.J., Cherif D., Dubertret L.; RT "Molecular characterization of a human tyrosinase-related-protein-2 cDNA. RT Patterns of expression in melanocytic cells."; RL Eur. J. Biochem. 219:127-134(1994). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), AND ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. RC TISSUE=Melanoma; RX PubMed=11777994; DOI=10.4049/jimmunol.168.2.951; RA Khong H.T., Rosenberg S.A.; RT "Pre-existing immunity to tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, a new TRP-2 RT isoform, and the NY-ESO-1 melanoma antigen in a patient with a dramatic RT response to immunotherapy."; RL J. Immunol. 168:951-956(2002). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=15057823; DOI=10.1038/nature02379; RA Dunham A., Matthews L.H., Burton J., Ashurst J.L., Howe K.L., RA Ashcroft K.J., Beare D.M., Burford D.C., Hunt S.E., Griffiths-Jones S., RA Jones M.C., Keenan S.J., Oliver K., Scott C.E., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., RA Ambrose K.D., Andrews D.T., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., RA Bailey J., Bannerjee R., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beasley H., Bird C.P., RA Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burrill W., Carder C., Carter N.P., RA Chapman J.C., Clamp M.E., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S.C., RA Cobley V., Collins J.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Deloukas P., Dhami P., RA Dunham I., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.G., Faulkner L., RA Frankish A.G., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., RA Gilbert J.G.R., Gilson C.J., Ghori J., Grafham D.V., Gribble S.M., RA Griffiths C., Hall R.E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A., Heath P.D., RA Howden P.J., Huckle E.J., Hunt P.J., Hunt A.R., Johnson C., Johnson D., RA Kay M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C.J., Lawlor S., RA Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Lloyd C., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., RA Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., McLaren S.J., McMurray A., Milne S., RA Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., RA Phillimore B., Porter K.M., Rice C.M., Searle S., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., RA Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C.A., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thomas D.W., RA Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M., West A.P., RA Whitehead S.L., Willey D.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wright M.W., Young L., RA Coulson A., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Beck S., Bentley D.R., RA Rogers J., Ross M.T.; RT "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13."; RL Nature 428:522-528(2004). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Mammary gland; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [7] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-98. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=8530077; DOI=10.1006/geno.1995.1211; RA Sturm R.A., O'Sullivan B.J., Box N.F., Smith A.G., Smit S.E., RA Puttick E.R.J., Parsons P.G., Dunn I.S.; RT "Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of RT the tyrosinase-related protein gene family."; RL Genomics 29:24-34(1995). RN [8] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-98. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=7929451; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47128-1; RA Yokoyama K., Yasumoto K.I., Suzuki H., Shibahara S.; RT "Cloning of the human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein 2 RT gene and identification of two regulatory regions required for its pigment RT cell-specific expression."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 269:27080-27087(1994). RN [9] RP SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Melanoma; RX PubMed=12643545; DOI=10.1021/pr025562r; RA Basrur V., Yang F., Kushimoto T., Higashimoto Y., Yasumoto K., Valencia J., RA Muller J., Vieira W.D., Watabe H., Shabanowitz J., Hearing V.J., Hunt D.F., RA Appella E.; RT "Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel RT melanosomal proteins."; RL J. Proteome Res. 2:69-79(2003). RN [10] RP SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Melanoma; RX PubMed=17081065; DOI=10.1021/pr060363j; RA Chi A., Valencia J.C., Hu Z.-Z., Watabe H., Yamaguchi H., Mangini N.J., RA Huang H., Canfield V.A., Cheng K.C., Yang F., Abe R., Yamagishi S., RA Shabanowitz J., Hearing V.J., Wu C., Appella E., Hunt D.F.; RT "Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and RT function of melanosomes."; RL J. Proteome Res. 5:3135-3144(2006). RN [11] RP INTERACTION WITH TYR, AND INDUCTION BY BLUE LIGHT. RX PubMed=28842328; DOI=10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.833; RA Regazzetti C., Sormani L., Debayle D., Bernerd F., Tulic M.K., RA De Donatis G.M., Chignon-Sicard B., Rocchi S., Passeron T.; RT "Melanocytes Sense Blue Light and Regulate Pigmentation through Opsin-3."; RL J. Invest. Dermatol. 138:171-178(2018). RN [12] RP VARIANTS OCA8 SER-40 AND TRP-61, AND FUNCTION. RX PubMed=33100333; DOI=10.1038/s41436-020-00997-8; RA Pennamen P., Tingaud-Sequeira A., Gazova I., Keighren M., McKie L., RA Marlin S., Gherbi Halem S., Kaplan J., Delevoye C., Lacombe D., RA Plaisant C., Michaud V., Lasseaux E., Javerzat S., Jackson I., Arveiler B.; RT "Dopachrome tautomerase variants in patients with oculocutaneous RT albinism."; RL Genet. Med. 23:479-487(2021). CC -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in melanin biosynthesis (PubMed:33100333). CC Catalyzes the conversion of L-dopachrome into 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2- CC carboxylic acid (DHICA). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33100333, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8306979}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13041, ChEBI:CHEBI:16875, ChEBI:CHEBI:57509; CC EC=5.3.3.12; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29812}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29812}; CC Note=Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29812}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Pigment biosynthesis; melanin biosynthesis. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33100333}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Forms an OPN3-dependent complex with TYR in response to blue CC light in melanocytes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28842328}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P40126; P60201-2: PLP1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-18640065, EBI-12188331; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Melanosome membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12643545, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17081065}; Single-pass type I membrane protein CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12643545, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17081065}. Melanosome CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29812}. Note=Proper trafficking to melanosome CC is regulated by SGSM2, ANKRD27, RAB9A, RAB32 and RAB38. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29812}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=P40126-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; Synonyms=TRP-2-6b; CC IsoId=P40126-2; Sequence=VSP_043581; CC -!- INDUCTION: Induced by blue light (415nm). CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28842328}. CC -!- PTM: Glycosylated. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P29812}. CC -!- DISEASE: Albinism, oculocutaneous, 8 (OCA8) [MIM:619165]: A form of CC oculocutaneous albinism, a disorder of pigmentation characterized by CC reduced biosynthesis of melanin in the skin, hair and eyes. OCA8 is an CC autosomal recessive form characterized by mild hair and skin CC hypopigmentation, associated with ocular features including nystagmus, CC reduced visual acuity, iris transillumination, and hypopigmentation of CC the retina. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33100333}. Note=The disease is caused CC by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tyrosinase family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; D17547; BAA04484.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; L18967; AAA20870.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; S69231; AAC60627.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; DQ902581; ABI73976.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AL139318; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC028311; AAH28311.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; L38953; AAC41925.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; D28767; BAA05956.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR CCDS; CCDS45060.1; -. [P40126-2] DR CCDS; CCDS9470.1; -. [P40126-1] DR PIR; S43510; YRHUR2. DR RefSeq; NP_001123361.1; NM_001129889.2. [P40126-2] DR RefSeq; NP_001913.2; NM_001922.4. [P40126-1] DR PDB; 4HX1; X-ray; 1.80 A; C=180-188. DR PDBsum; 4HX1; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P40126; -. DR SMR; P40126; -. DR BioGRID; 108006; 29. DR IntAct; P40126; 8. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000392762; -. DR TCDB; 9.B.423.1.3; the tysrosinase (tyr) family. DR GlyCosmos; P40126; 6 sites, No reported glycans. DR GlyGen; P40126; 7 sites, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; P40126; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P40126; -. DR BioMuta; DCT; -. DR DMDM; 731026; -. DR EPD; P40126; -. DR jPOST; P40126; -. DR MassIVE; P40126; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000392762; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P40126; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 55335; -. [P40126-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 55336; -. [P40126-2] DR Antibodypedia; 2252; 475 antibodies from 33 providers. DR DNASU; 1638; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000377028.10; ENSP00000366227.4; ENSG00000080166.16. [P40126-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000446125.1; ENSP00000392762.1; ENSG00000080166.16. [P40126-2] DR GeneID; 1638; -. DR KEGG; hsa:1638; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000377028.10; ENSP00000366227.4; NM_001922.5; NP_001913.2. DR UCSC; uc001vlv.6; human. [P40126-1] DR AGR; HGNC:2709; -. DR CTD; 1638; -. DR DisGeNET; 1638; -. DR GeneCards; DCT; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:2709; DCT. DR HPA; ENSG00000080166; Tissue enriched (skin). DR MalaCards; DCT; -. DR MIM; 191275; gene. DR MIM; 619165; phenotype. DR neXtProt; NX_P40126; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000080166; -. DR Orphanet; 597733; Oculocutaneous albinism type 8. DR PharmGKB; PA27179; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000080166; -. DR eggNOG; ENOG502QRNA; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000156856; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_038693_1_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P40126; -. DR OMA; FFNRTCK; -. DR OrthoDB; 70287at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P40126; -. DR TreeFam; TF315865; -. DR PathwayCommons; P40126; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-5662702; Melanin biosynthesis. DR SignaLink; P40126; -. DR SIGNOR; P40126; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00785; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 1638; 12 hits in 1152 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; DCT; human. DR GeneWiki; Dopachrome_tautomerase; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 1638; -. DR Pharos; P40126; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:P40126; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 13. DR RNAct; P40126; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000080166; Expressed in upper leg skin and 126 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; P40126; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0043231; C:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; IDA:HPA. DR GO; GO:0042470; C:melanosome; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0033162; C:melanosome membrane; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:HPA. DR GO; GO:0005507; F:copper ion binding; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0004167; F:dopachrome isomerase activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0016491; F:oxidoreductase activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0048468; P:cell development; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0048066; P:developmental pigmentation; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0008544; P:epidermis development; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0006583; P:melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0002052; P:positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0009637; P:response to blue light; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0021847; P:ventricular zone neuroblast division; IBA:GO_Central. DR Gene3D; 1.10.1280.10; Di-copper center containing domain from catechol oxidase; 1. DR InterPro; IPR008922; Di-copper_centre_dom_sf. DR InterPro; IPR002227; Tyrosinase_Cu-bd. DR PANTHER; PTHR11474:SF4; L-DOPACHROME TAUTOMERASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11474; TYROSINASE FAMILY MEMBER; 1. DR Pfam; PF00264; Tyrosinase; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00092; TYROSINASE. DR SUPFAM; SSF48056; Di-copper centre-containing domain; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00497; TYROSINASE_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00498; TYROSINASE_2; 1. DR Genevisible; P40126; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Albinism; Alternative splicing; Disease variant; KW Glycoprotein; Isomerase; Melanin biosynthesis; Membrane; Metal-binding; KW Reference proteome; Signal; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Zinc. FT SIGNAL 1..23 FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CHAIN 24..519 FT /note="L-dopachrome tautomerase" FT /id="PRO_0000035892" FT TOPO_DOM 24..472 FT /note="Lumenal, melanosome" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 473..493 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 494..519 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT BINDING 189 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="A" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 211 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="A" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 220 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="A" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 369 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="B" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 373 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="B" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 396 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="B" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT CARBOHYD 170 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 178 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 237 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 300 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 342 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 377 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT VAR_SEQ 393 FT /note="V -> VVISNRLLYNATTNILEHVRKEKATKELPSLHVL (in isoform FT 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:11777994" FT /id="VSP_043581" FT VARIANT 40 FT /note="C -> S (in OCA8; dbSNP:rs370729240)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33100333" FT /id="VAR_085343" FT VARIANT 61 FT /note="C -> W (in OCA8; dbSNP:rs1885297366)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33100333" FT /id="VAR_085344" SQ SEQUENCE 519 AA; 59145 MW; AFDDF21768002A89 CRC64; MSPLWWGFLL SCLGCKILPG AQGQFPRVCM TVDSLVNKEC CPRLGAESAN VCGSQQGRGQ CTEVRADTRP WSGPYILRNQ DDRELWPRKF FHRTCKCTGN FAGYNCGDCK FGWTGPNCER KKPPVIRQNI HSLSPQEREQ FLGALDLAKK RVHPDYVITT QHWLGLLGPN GTQPQFANCS VYDFFVWLHY YSVRDTLLGP GRPYRAIDFS HQGPAFVTWH RYHLLCLERD LQRLIGNESF ALPYWNFATG RNECDVCTDQ LFGAARPDDP TLISRNSRFS SWETVCDSLD DYNHLVTLCN GTYEGLLRRN QMGRNSMKLP TLKDIRDCLS LQKFDNPPFF QNSTFSFRNA LEGFDKADGT LDSQVMSLHN LVHSFLNGTN ALPHSAANDP IFVVLHSFTD AIFDEWMKRF NPPADAWPQE LAPIGHNRMY NMVPFFPPVT NEELFLTSDQ LGYSYAIDLP VSVEETPGWP TTLLVVMGTL VALVGLFVLL AFLQYRRLRK GYTPLMETHL SSKRYTEEA //