P38405 (GNAL_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha

Alternative name(s):
Adenylate cyclase-stimulating G alpha protein, olfactory type

Gene names

Name:

GNAL

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	381 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. G(olf) alpha mediates signal transduction within the olfactory neuroepithelium and the basal ganglia. May be involved in some aspect of visual transduction, and in mediating the effect of one or more hormones/neurotransmitters.
Subunit structure	G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.
Tissue specificity	Detected in olfactory neuroepithelium, brain, testis, and to a lower extent in retina, lung alveoli, spleen. Trace amounts where seen in kidney, adrenal gland and liver. Found to be expressed in all the insulinomas examined.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(s) subfamily.

Ontologies

Keywords
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Ligand	GTP-binding Magnesium Metal-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Transducer
PTM	ADP-ribosylation Lipoprotein Palmitate
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	activation of adenylate cyclase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome response to amphetamine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to caffeine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara sensory perception of smell Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome synaptic transmission Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome
Cellular_component	heterotrimeric G-protein complex Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome
Molecular_function	G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome G-protein coupled receptor binding Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome GTP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW GTPase activity Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc metal ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW signal transducer activity Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: P38405-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: P38405-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-41: MGCLGGNSKT...LQKERLAYKA → MGLCYSLRPL...LRDQKRDLQQ

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform 3 (identifier: P38405-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-207: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 381	381	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha		PRO_0000203732
Regions
	Nucleotide binding	49 – 56	8	GTP By similarity
	Nucleotide binding	185 – 191	7	GTP By similarity
	Nucleotide binding	210 – 214	5	GTP By similarity
	Nucleotide binding	279 – 282	4	GTP By similarity
Sites
	Metal binding	56	1	Magnesium By similarity
	Metal binding	191	1	Magnesium By similarity
	Binding site	353	1	GTP; via amide nitrogen By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	188	1	ADP-ribosylarginine; by cholera toxin By similarity
	Lipidation	2	1	N-palmitoyl glycine By similarity
	Lipidation	3	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	1 – 207	207	Missing in isoform 3.		VSP_045130
	Alternative sequence	1 – 41	41	MGCLG…LAYKA → MGLCYSLRPLLFGGPGDDPC AASEPPVEDAQPAPAPALAP VRAAARDTARTLLPRGGEGS PACARPKADKPKEKRQRTEQ LSAEEREAAKEREAVKEARK VSRGIDRMLRDQKRDLQQ in isoform 2.		VSP_043050

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1994. Version 1. Checksum: 9A73D2982FF9C9A3	FASTA	381	44,308
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGCLGGNSKT TEDQGVDEKE RREANKKIEK QLQKERLAYK ATHRLLLLGA GESGKSTIVK 70 80 90 100 110 120 QMRILHVNGF NPEEKKQKIL DIRKNVKDAI VTIVSAMSTI IPPVPLANPE NQFRSDYIKS 130 140 150 160 170 180 IAPITDFEYS QEFFDHVKKL WDDEGVKACF ERSNEYQLID CAQYFLERID SVSLVDYTPT 190 200 210 220 230 240 DQDLLRCRVL TSGIFETRFQ VDKVNFHMFD VGGQRDERRK WIQCFNDVTA IIYVAACSSY 250 260 270 280 290 300 NMVIREDNNT NRLRESLDLF ESIWNNRWLR TISIILFLNK QDMLAEKVLA GKSKIEDYFP 310 320 330 340 350 360 EYANYTVPED ATPDAGEDPK VTRAKFFIRD LFLRISTATG DGKHYCYPHF TCAVDTENIR 370 380 RVFNDCRDII QRMHLKQYEL L
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: 89231879924C06A1	FASTA	458	52,455
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGLCYSLRPL LFGGPGDDPC AASEPPVEDA QPAPAPALAP VRAAARDTAR TLLPRGGEGS 70 80 90 100 110 120 PACARPKADK PKEKRQRTEQ LSAEEREAAK EREAVKEARK VSRGIDRMLR DQKRDLQQTH 130 140 150 160 170 180 RLLLLGAGES GKSTIVKQMR ILHVNGFNPE EKKQKILDIR KNVKDAIVTI VSAMSTIIPP 190 200 210 220 230 240 VPLANPENQF RSDYIKSIAP ITDFEYSQEF FDHVKKLWDD EGVKACFERS NEYQLIDCAQ 250 260 270 280 290 300 YFLERIDSVS LVDYTPTDQD LLRCRVLTSG IFETRFQVDK VNFHMFDVGG QRDERRKWIQ 310 320 330 340 350 360 CFNDVTAIIY VAACSSYNMV IREDNNTNRL RESLDLFESI WNNRWLRTIS IILFLNKQDM 370 380 390 400 410 420 LAEKVLAGKS KIEDYFPEYA NYTVPEDATP DAGEDPKVTR AKFFIRDLFL RISTATGDGK 430 440 450 HYCYPHFTCA VDTENIRRVF NDCRDIIQRM HLKQYELL
	Isoform 3 [UniParc]. Checksum: 62867F7352FAA433	FASTA	174	20,522
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MFDVGGQRDE RRKWIQCFND VTAIIYVAAC SSYNMVIRED NNTNRLRESL DLFESIWNNR 70 80 90 100 110 120 WLRTISIILF LNKQDMLAEK VLAGKSKIED YFPEYANYTV PEDATPDAGE DPKVTRAKFF 130 140 150 160 170 IRDLFLRIST ATGDGKHYCY PHFTCAVDTE NIRRVFNDCR DIIQRMHLKQ YELL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Human G(olf) alpha: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid structure and expression in pancreatic islets and other tissues outside the olfactory neuroepithelium and central nervous system." Zigman J.M., Westermark G.T., Lamendola J., Boel E., Steiner D.F. Endocrinology 133:2508-2514(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Insulinoma.
[2]	"The gene for the human G protein Golf alpha." Vuoristo J.T., Berrettini W.H., Overhauser J., Prockop D.J., Ferraro T.N., Ala-Kokko L. Submitted (APR-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). Tissue: Tongue.
[4]	"DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18." Nusbaum C., Zody M.C., Borowsky M.L., Kamal M., Kodira C.D., Taylor T.D., Whittaker C.A., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Dewar K., FitzGerald M.G., Yang X., Abouelleil A., Allen N.R., Anderson S., Bloom T., Bugalter B., Butler J. , Cook A., DeCaprio D., Engels R., Garber M., Gnirke A., Hafez N., Hall J.L., Norman C.H., Itoh T., Jaffe D.B., Kuroki Y., Lehoczky J., Lui A., Macdonald P., Mauceli E., Mikkelsen T.S., Naylor J.W., Nicol R., Nguyen C., Noguchi H., O'Leary S.B., Piqani B., Smith C.L., Talamas J.A., Topham K., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Wain H.M., Young S.K., Zeng Q., Zimmer A.R., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Birren B.W., Sakaki Y., Lander E.S. Nature 437:551-555(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Testis.
[7]	"cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www.cdna.org)." Puhl H.L. III, Ikeda S.R., Aronstam R.S. Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	L10665 mRNA. Translation: AAC37535.1. U55184 , U55180, U55181, U55182, U55183 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD00085.1. AF493893 mRNA. Translation: AAM12607.1. AK316141 mRNA. Translation: BAH14512.1. AP001120 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AP001269 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AP005137 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471113 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAX01573.1. BC050021 mRNA. Translation: AAH50021.1.
IPI	IPI00006395. IPI00788932.
PIR	I53271.
RefSeq	NP_001135811.1. NM_001142339.2. NP_001248372.1. NM_001261443.1. NP_001248373.1. NM_001261444.1. NP_892023.1. NM_182978.3.
UniGene	Hs.136295. Hs.741448.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P38405.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	P38405. 4 interactions.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000334051.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P38405.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	585178.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P38405.
PRIDE	P38405.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	2774.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000269162; ENSP00000269162; ENSG00000141404. ENST00000334049; ENSP00000334051; ENSG00000141404. ENST00000423027; ENSP00000408489; ENSG00000141404. ENST00000535121; ENSP00000439023; ENSG00000141404.
GeneID	2774.
KEGG	hsa:2774.
UCSC	uc002kqd.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	2774.
GeneCards	GC18P011689.
HGNC	HGNC:4388. GNAL.
HPA	CAB015464.
MIM	139312. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P38405.
PharmGKB	PA28770.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG325092.
HOGENOM	HOG000038729.
HOVERGEN	HBG063184.
KO	K04633.
OMA	DYSQEFF.
OrthoDB	EOG490792.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Pathway_Interaction_DB	endothelinpathway. Endothelins. lpa4_pathway. LPA4-mediated signaling events. er_nongenomic_pathway. Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling.
Reactome	REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_13685. Neuronal System.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P38405.
Bgee	P38405.
CleanEx	HS_GNAL.
Genevestigator	P38405.
GermOnline	ENSG00000141404. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	1.10.400.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR000367. Gprotein_alpha_S. IPR001019. Gprotein_alpha_su. IPR011025. GproteinA_insert. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR10218. PTHR10218. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00503. G-alpha. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00318. GPROTEINA. PR00443. GPROTEINAS.
SMART	SM00275. G_alpha. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF47895. Transducn_insert. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
ChiTaRS	GNAL. human.
GenomeRNAi	2774.
NextBio	10910.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

GNAL_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P38405
Secondary accession number(s): B7ZA26, Q86XU3

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1994
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 123 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.