Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P38405 (GNAL_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha
Alternative name(s):
    Adenylate cyclase-stimulating G alpha protein, olfactory type

Gene names

Name:

GNAL

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	381 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. G(olf) alpha mediates signal transduction within the olfactory neuroepithelium and the basal ganglia. May be involved in some aspect of visual transduction, and in mediating the effect of one or more hormones/neurotransmitters.
Subunit structure	G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.
Tissue specificity	Detected in olfactory neuroepithelium, brain, testis, and to a lower extent in retina, lung alveoli, spleen. Trace amounts where seen in kidney, adrenal gland and liver. Found to be expressed in all the insulinomas examined.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(s) subfamily.

Ontologies

Keywords
Ligand	GTP-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Transducer
PTM	ADP-ribosylation Lipoprotein Palmitate
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Molecular function	GTP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro GTPase activity Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc signal transducer activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Initiator methionine	1	1	Removed By similarity
	Chain	2 – 381	380	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha		PRO_0000203732
Regions
	Nucleotide binding	49 – 56	8	GTP By similarity
	Nucleotide binding	210 – 214	5	GTP By similarity
	Nucleotide binding	279 – 282	4	GTP By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	188	1	ADP-ribosylarginine; by cholera toxin By similarity
	Lipidation	2	1	N-palmitoyl glycine By similarity
	Lipidation	3	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P38405-1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1994. Version 1. Checksum: 9A73D2982FF9C9A3	FASTA	381	44,308
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGCLGGNSKT TEDQGVDEKE RREANKKIEK QLQKERLAYK ATHRLLLLGA GESGKSTIVK 70 80 90 100 110 120 QMRILHVNGF NPEEKKQKIL DIRKNVKDAI VTIVSAMSTI IPPVPLANPE NQFRSDYIKS 130 140 150 160 170 180 IAPITDFEYS QEFFDHVKKL WDDEGVKACF ERSNEYQLID CAQYFLERID SVSLVDYTPT 190 200 210 220 230 240 DQDLLRCRVL TSGIFETRFQ VDKVNFHMFD VGGQRDERRK WIQCFNDVTA IIYVAACSSY 250 260 270 280 290 300 NMVIREDNNT NRLRESLDLF ESIWNNRWLR TISIILFLNK QDMLAEKVLA GKSKIEDYFP 310 320 330 340 350 360 EYANYTVPED ATPDAGEDPK VTRAKFFIRD LFLRISTATG DGKHYCYPHF TCAVDTENIR 370 380 RVFNDCRDII QRMHLKQYEL L

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Human G(olf) alpha: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid structure and expression in pancreatic islets and other tissues outside the olfactory neuroepithelium and central nervous system." Zigman J.M., Westermark G.T., Lamendola J., Boel E., Steiner D.F. Endocrinology 133:2508-2514(1993) [PubMed: 8243272] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Insulinoma.
[2]	"The gene for the human G protein Golf alpha." Vuoristo J.T., Berrettini W.H., Overhauser J., Prockop D.J., Ferraro T.N., Ala-Kokko L. Submitted (APR-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
[3]	"cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www.cdna.org)." Puhl H.L. III, Ikeda S.R., Aronstam R.S. Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	L10665 mRNA. Translation: AAC37535.1. U55184 , U55180, U55181, U55182, U55183 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD00085.1. AF493893 mRNA. Translation: AAM12607.1.
PIR	I53271.
RefSeq	NP_002062.1.
UniGene	Hs.136295
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1CJU based on UniProtKB P04896.
SMR	P38405. Positions 39-378.
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P38405.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000141404. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	2774.
KEGG	hsa:2774.
Organism-specific databases
H-InvDB	HIX0017705.
HGNC	HGNC:4388. GNAL.
HPA	CAB015464.
MIM	139312. gene.
PharmGKB	PA28770.
GenAtlas	Search...
GeneCards	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	P38405.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P38405.
CleanEx	HS_GNAL.
GermOnline	ENSG00000141404. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001019. Gprotein_alph_bd. IPR000367. Gprotein_alpha_S. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR10218. Gprotein_alph_bd. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00503. G-alpha. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00318. GPROTEINA. PR00443. GPROTEINAS.
ProDom	PD000281. Gprotein_alpha. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	10910.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

GNAL_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P38405

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1994
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 73 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)