Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P38316 (ATG12_YEAST)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Autophagy-related protein 12
Alternative name(s):
    Autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier ATG12

Gene names

Name:	ATG12
Synonyms:	APG12
Ordered Locus Names:	YBR217W
ORF Names:	YBR1506

Organism

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

4932 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Fungi › Dikarya › Ascomycota › Saccharomycotina › Saccharomycetes › Saccharomycetales › Saccharomycetaceae › Saccharomyces

Protein attributes

Sequence length	186 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through an ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. Required for ATG8 association to the vesicle membranes. Ref.1 Ref.4 Ref.8
Subunit structure	Forms a thioester bond with the 'Cys-133' of ATG10. Conjugated to ATG5. Interacts with the ATG7 C-terminal 40 amino acids domain. The ATG5-ATG12 conjugate forms a complex with several units of ATG16. Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm Probable.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated. Ref.1 Ref.11
Miscellaneous	Small amount of ATG5-ATG12 conjugate is enough to perform normal autophagy.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the ATG12 family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Autophagy Protein transport Transport Ubl conjugation pathway
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
PTM	Isopeptide bond Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	CVT pathway Ref.1 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: SGD autophagic vacuole formation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro modification-dependent protein catabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: SGD
Cellular component	Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex Ref.9 Inferred from direct assay. Source: SGD membrane fraction Inferred from direct assay. Source: SGD
Molecular function	protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct protein tag Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.6 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: SGD
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
ATG16	Q03818	1	EBI-2692,EBI-27344
ATG17	Q06410	1	EBI-2692,EBI-30856
ATG5	Q12380	1	EBI-2692,EBI-2664
ATG7	P38862	3	EBI-2692,EBI-2677

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 186	186	Autophagy-related protein 12		PRO_0000212485
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	55	1	Phosphoserine Ref.11
	Cross-link	186		Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Gly-Lys) (interchain with K-149 in ATG5)
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	186	1	G → A: Strong decrease of conjugation with ATG5. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P38316-1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1994. Version 1. Checksum: 74B3C9FD3CEA9265	FASTA	186	21,106
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MSRILESENE TESDESSIIS TNNGTAMERS RNNQELRSSP HTVQNRLELF SRRLSQLGLA 70 80 90 100 110 120 SDISVDQQVE DSSSGTYEQE ETIKTNAQTS KQKSHKDEKN IQKIQIKFQP IGSIGQLKPS 130 140 150 160 170 180 VCKISMSQSF AMVILFLKRR LKMDHVYCYI NNSFAPSPQQ NIGELWMQFK TNDELIVSYC ASVAFG

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A protein conjugation system essential for autophagy." Mizushima N., Noda T., Yoshimori T., Tanaka Y., Ishii T., George M.D., Klionsky D.J., Ohsumi M., Ohsumi Y. Nature 395:395-398(1998) [PubMed: 9759731] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION, CONJUGATION TO ATG5, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-186. Strain: ATCC 26109 / X2180.
[2]	"Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II." Feldmann H., Aigle M., Aljinovic G., Andre B., Baclet M.C., Barthe C., Baur A., Becam A.-M., Biteau N., Boles E., Brandt T., Brendel M., Brueckner M., Bussereau F., Christiansen C., Contreras R., Crouzet M., Cziepluch C. , Demolis N., Delaveau T., Doignon F., Domdey H., Duesterhus S., Dubois E., Dujon B., El Bakkoury M., Entian K.-D., Feuermann M., Fiers W., Fobo G.M., Fritz C., Gassenhuber J., Glansdorff N., Goffeau A., Grivell L.A., de Haan M., Hein C., Herbert C.J., Hollenberg C.P., Holmstroem K., Jacq C., Jacquet M., Jauniaux J.-C., Jonniaux J.-L., Kallesoee T., Kiesau P., Kirchrath L., Koetter P., Korol S., Liebl S., Logghe M., Lohan A.J.E., Louis E.J., Li Z.Y., Maat M.J., Mallet L., Mannhaupt G., Messenguy F., Miosga T., Molemans F., Mueller S., Nasr F., Obermaier B., Perea J., Pierard A., Piravandi E., Pohl F.M., Pohl T.M., Potier S., Proft M., Purnelle B., Ramezani Rad M., Rieger M., Rose M., Schaaff-Gerstenschlaeger I., Scherens B., Schwarzlose C., Skala J., Slonimski P.P., Smits P.H.M., Souciet J.-L., Steensma H.Y., Stucka R., Urrestarazu L.A., van der Aart Q.J.M., Van Dyck L., Vassarotti A., Vetter I., Vierendeels F., Vissers S., Wagner G., de Wergifosse P., Wolfe K.H., Zagulski M., Zimmermann F.K., Mewes H.-W., Kleine K. EMBO J. 13:5795-5809(1994) [PubMed: 7813418] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 204508 / S288c.
[3]	"Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Hu Y., Rolfs A., Bhullar B., Murthy T.V.S., Zhu C., Berger M.F., Camargo A.A., Kelley F., McCarron S., Jepson D., Richardson A., Raphael J., Moreira D., Taycher E., Zuo D., Mohr S., Kane M.F., Williamson J. , Simpson A.J.G., Bulyk M.L., Harlow E., Marsischky G., Kolodner R.D., LaBaer J. Genome Res. 17:536-543(2007) [PubMed: 17322287] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 204508 / S288c.
[4]	"Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Tsukada M., Ohsumi Y. FEBS Lett. 333:169-174(1993) [PubMed: 8224160] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[5]	"Apg10p, a novel protein-conjugating enzyme essential for autophagy in yeast." Shintani T., Mizushima N., Ogawa Y., Matsuura A., Noda T., Ohsumi Y. EMBO J. 18:5234-5241(1999) [PubMed: 10508157] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ATG10.
[6]	"Apg7p/Cvt2p: a novel protein-activating enzyme essential for autophagy." Tanida I., Mizushima N., Kiyooka M., Ohsumi M., Ueno T., Ohsumi Y., Kominami E. Mol. Biol. Cell 10:1367-1379(1999) [PubMed: 10233150] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ATG7.
[7]	"The C-terminal region of an Apg7p/Cvt2p is required for homodimerization and is essential for its E1 activity and E1-E2 complex formation." Komatsu M., Tanida I., Ueno T., Ohsumi M., Ohsumi Y., Kominami E. J. Biol. Chem. 276:9846-9854(2001) [PubMed: 11139573] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ATG7.
[8]	"Membrane recruitment of Aut7p in the autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathways requires Aut1p, Aut2p, and the autophagy conjugation complex." Kim J., Huang W.-P., Klionsky D.J. J. Cell Biol. 152:51-64(2001) [PubMed: 11149920] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[9]	"Formation of the approximately 350-kDa Apg12-Apg5.Apg16 multimeric complex, mediated by Apg16 oligomerization, is essential for autophagy in yeast." Kuma A., Mizushima N., Ishihara N., Ohsumi Y. J. Biol. Chem. 277:18619-18625(2002) [PubMed: 11897782] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN A COMPLEX WITH ATG5 AND ATG16.
[10]	"A unified nomenclature for yeast autophagy-related genes." Klionsky D.J., Cregg J.M., Dunn W.A. Jr., Emr S.D., Sakai Y., Sandoval I.V., Sibirny A., Subramani S., Thumm M., Veenhuis M., Ohsumi Y. Dev. Cell 5:539-545(2003) [PubMed: 14536056] [Abstract] Cited for: NOMENCLATURE.
[11]	"A multidimensional chromatography technology for in-depth phosphoproteome analysis." Albuquerque C.P., Smolka M.B., Payne S.H., Bafna V., Eng J., Zhou H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7:1389-1396(2008) [PubMed: 18407956] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-55, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AB017924 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA33473.1. Z36086 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA85181.1. AY557706 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAS56032.1.
PIR	S46093.
RefSeq	NP_009776.1.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP:1189N.
IntAct	P38316. 122 interactions.
STRING	P38316.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P38316.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	YBR217W; YBR217W; YBR217W; Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [Genome view]
GeneID	852518.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus YBR217W in contig Y13134_GR.
KEGG	sce:YBR217W.
NMPDR	fig|4932.3.peg.487.
Organism-specific databases
CYGD	YBR217w.
SGD	S000000421. ATG12.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	P38316.
OMA	ELIVSYC.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P38316.
Genevestigator	P38316.
GermOnline	YBR217W. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007242. Autophagy-rel_prot_12. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR13385. APG12. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF04110. APG12. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	971550.

Entry information

Entry name

ATG12_YEAST

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P38316

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1994
Last modified:	November 3, 2009
This is version 79 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

FPAP (Fungal Proteome Annotation Project)