Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P38182 (ATG8_YEAST)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Autophagy-related protein 8
Alternative name(s):
    Autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier ATG8
    Cytoplasm to vacuole targeting protein 5

Gene names

Name:	ATG8
Synonyms:	APG8, AUT7, CVT5
Ordered Locus Names:	YBL078C
ORF Names:	YBL0732

Organism

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

4932 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Fungi › Dikarya › Ascomycota › Saccharomycotina › Saccharomycetes › Saccharomycetales › Saccharomycetaceae › Saccharomyces

Protein attributes

Sequence length	117 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicles and autophagosomes formation. With ATG4, may mediate the delivery of the vesicles and autophagosomes to the vacuole via the microtubule cytoskeleton. Participates also in membrane fusion events that take place in the early secretory pathway. Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.14
Subunit structure	Interacts with ATG3, ATG4, ATG7, ATG12 and the C-terminal 10 residues domain of ATG19. Interacts also with the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi v-SNARE protein BET1 and the vacuolar v-SNARE protein NYV1. Ref.6 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.16
Subcellular location	Cytoplasmic vesicle › cvt vesicle membrane; Lipid-anchor. Cytoplasmic vesicle › autophagosome membrane; Lipid-anchor. Vacuole membrane; Lipid-anchor. Note: Membrane-associated through a lipid anchor. This association needs the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport and autophagy. Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.12
Induction	Up-regulated upon starvation conditions.
Post-translational modification	The C-terminal Arg-117 residue of ATG8 is removed by ATG4 to expose Gly-116 at the C-terminus. This Gly-116 forms then a thioester bond with the 'Cys-507' of ATG7 (E1-like activating enzyme) before being transferred to the 'Cys-234' of ATG3 (the specific E2 conjugating enzyme), in order to be finally amidated with phosphatidylethanolamine. This lipid modification anchors ATG8 to membranes and can be reversed by ATG4, releasing soluble ATG8.
Miscellaneous	Present with 2010 molecules/cell in log phase SD medium. Ref.18
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Autophagy Protein transport Transport Ubl conjugation pathway
Cellular component	Cytoplasmic vesicle Membrane Vacuole
PTM	Lipoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	CVT pathway Ref.6 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: SGD ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport Ref.9 Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: SGD autophagic vacuole formation Ref.14 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB membrane fusion Inferred from direct assay. Source: SGD modification-dependent protein catabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: SGD
Cellular component	anchored to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell autophagic vacuole Ref.7 Ref.14 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB cytoplasmic vesicle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cytosol Ref.14 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB extrinsic to membrane Ref.9 Inferred from direct assay. Source: SGD pre-autophagosomal structure Ref.12 Inferred from direct assay. Source: SGD vacuolar membrane Ref.9 Inferred from direct assay. Source: SGD
Molecular function	protein binding Ref.6 Ref.9 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
ATG3	P40344	1	EBI-2684,EBI-3381
ATG4	P53867	3	EBI-2684,EBI-29160
ATG7	P38862	3	EBI-2684,EBI-2677
BET1	P22804	1	EBI-2684,EBI-3550

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 116

116

Autophagy-related protein 8

PRO_0000017242

Propeptide

117

1

Removed in mature form

PRO_0000017243

Sites

Site

116 – 117

2

Cleavage; by ATG4

Amino acid modifications

Lipidation

116

1

Phosphatidylethanolamine amidated glycine

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

116

1

G → A: No cleaving of the C-terminal R-117 by ATG4. Defect in Cvt pathway and autophagy. Ref.10

Mutagenesis

117

1

R → M: Normal processing after G-116 by ATG4. Ref.10

Secondary structure

1

.

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.

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117

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Turn

6 – 8

3

Helix

11 – 24

14

Beta strand

28 – 35

8

Beta strand

48 – 52

5

Helix

60 – 67

8

Beta strand

77 – 80

4

Helix

91 – 98

8

Beta strand

105 – 110

6

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P38182-1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1994. Version 1. Checksum: 1246CEFF5A038819	FASTA	117	13,627
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKSTFKSEYP FEKRKAESER IADRFKNRIP VICEKAEKSD IPEIDKRKYL VPADLTVGQF 70 80 90 100 110 VYVIRKRIML PPEKAIFIFV NDTLPPTAAL MSAIYQEHKD KDGFLYVTYS GENTFGR

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Sequence analysis of a 78.6 kb segment of the left end of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II." Obermaier B., Gassenhuber J., Piravandi E., Domdey H. Yeast 11:1103-1112(1995) [PubMed: 7502586] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 204508 / S288c.
[2]	"Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II." Feldmann H., Aigle M., Aljinovic G., Andre B., Baclet M.C., Barthe C., Baur A., Becam A.-M., Biteau N., Boles E., Brandt T., Brendel M., Brueckner M., Bussereau F., Christiansen C., Contreras R., Crouzet M., Cziepluch C. , Demolis N., Delaveau T., Doignon F., Domdey H., Duesterhus S., Dubois E., Dujon B., El Bakkoury M., Entian K.-D., Feuermann M., Fiers W., Fobo G.M., Fritz C., Gassenhuber J., Glansdorff N., Goffeau A., Grivell L.A., de Haan M., Hein C., Herbert C.J., Hollenberg C.P., Holmstroem K., Jacq C., Jacquet M., Jauniaux J.-C., Jonniaux J.-L., Kallesoee T., Kiesau P., Kirchrath L., Koetter P., Korol S., Liebl S., Logghe M., Lohan A.J.E., Louis E.J., Li Z.Y., Maat M.J., Mallet L., Mannhaupt G., Messenguy F., Miosga T., Molemans F., Mueller S., Nasr F., Obermaier B., Perea J., Pierard A., Piravandi E., Pohl F.M., Pohl T.M., Potier S., Proft M., Purnelle B., Ramezani Rad M., Rieger M., Rose M., Schaaff-Gerstenschlaeger I., Scherens B., Schwarzlose C., Skala J., Slonimski P.P., Smits P.H.M., Souciet J.-L., Steensma H.Y., Stucka R., Urrestarazu L.A., van der Aart Q.J.M., Van Dyck L., Vassarotti A., Vetter I., Vierendeels F., Vissers S., Wagner G., de Wergifosse P., Wolfe K.H., Zagulski M., Zimmermann F.K., Mewes H.-W., Kleine K. EMBO J. 13:5795-5809(1994) [PubMed: 7813418] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 204508 / S288c.
[3]	"Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Hu Y., Rolfs A., Bhullar B., Murthy T.V.S., Zhu C., Berger M.F., Camargo A.A., Kelley F., McCarron S., Jepson D., Richardson A., Raphael J., Moreira D., Taycher E., Zuo D., Mohr S., Kane M.F., Williamson J. , Simpson A.J.G., Bulyk M.L., Harlow E., Marsischky G., Kolodner R.D., LaBaer J. Genome Res. 17:536-543(2007) [PubMed: 17322287] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 204508 / S288c.
[4]	"Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Tsukada M., Ohsumi Y. FEBS Lett. 333:169-174(1993) [PubMed: 8224160] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[5]	"Isolation and characterization of yeast mutants in the cytoplasm to vacuole protein targeting pathway." Harding T.M., Morano K.A., Scott S.V., Klionsky D.J. J. Cell Biol. 131:591-602(1995) [PubMed: 7593182] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[6]	"Aut2p and Aut7p, two novel microtubule-associated proteins are essential for delivery of autophagic vesicles to the vacuole." Lang T., Schaeffeler E., Bernreuther D., Bredschneider M., Wolf D.H., Thumm M. EMBO J. 17:3597-3607(1998) [PubMed: 9649430] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH ATG4, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[7]	"Formation process of autophagosome is traced with Apg8/Aut7p in yeast." Kirisako T., Baba M., Ishihara N., Miyazawa K., Ohsumi M., Yoshimori T., Noda T., Ohsumi Y. J. Cell Biol. 147:435-446(1999) [PubMed: 10525546] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[8]	"The itinerary of a vesicle component, Aut7p/Cvt5p, terminates in the yeast vacuole via the autophagy/Cvt pathways." Huang W.-P., Scott S.V., Kim J., Klionsky D.J. J. Biol. Chem. 275:5845-5851(2000) [PubMed: 10681575] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[9]	"Aut7p, a soluble autophagic factor, participates in multiple membrane trafficking processes." Legesse-Miller A., Sagiv Y., Glozman R., Elazar Z. J. Biol. Chem. 275:32966-32973(2000) [PubMed: 10837468] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH BET1 AND NYV1.
[10]	"The reversible modification regulates the membrane-binding state of Apg8/Aut7 essential for autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway." Kirisako T., Ichimura Y., Okada H., Kabeya Y., Mizushima N., Yoshimori T., Ohsumi M., Takao T., Noda T., Ohsumi Y. J. Cell Biol. 151:263-276(2000) [PubMed: 11038174] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, CLEAVAGE BY ATG4, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-116 AND ARG-117.
[11]	"A ubiquitin-like system mediates protein lipidation." Ichimura Y., Kirisako T., Takao T., Satomi Y., Shimonishi Y., Ishihara N., Mizushima N., Tanida I., Kominami E., Ohsumi M., Noda T., Ohsumi Y. Nature 408:488-492(2000) [PubMed: 11100732] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH ATG3 AND ATG7, LIPIDATION.
[12]	"The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation." Suzuki K., Kirisako T., Kamada Y., Mizushima N., Noda T., Ohsumi Y. EMBO J. 20:5971-5981(2001) [PubMed: 11689437] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[13]	"The C-terminal region of an Apg7p/Cvt2p is required for homodimerization and is essential for its E1 activity and E1-E2 complex formation." Komatsu M., Tanida I., Ueno T., Ohsumi M., Ohsumi Y., Kominami E. J. Biol. Chem. 276:9846-9854(2001) [PubMed: 11139573] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ATG7.
[14]	"Membrane recruitment of Aut7p in the autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathways requires Aut1p, Aut2p, and the autophagy conjugation complex." Kim J., Huang W.-P., Klionsky D.J. J. Cell Biol. 152:51-64(2001) [PubMed: 11149920] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, CLEAVAGE BY ATG4, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[15]	"Mechanism of cargo selection in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway." Shintani T., Huang W.-P., Stromhaug P.E., Klionsky D.J. Dev. Cell 3:825-837(2002) [PubMed: 12479808] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ATG19.
[16]	"Convergence of multiple autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole targeting components to a perivacuolar membrane compartment prior to de novo vesicle formation." Kim J., Huang W.-P., Stromhaug P.E., Klionsky D.J. J. Biol. Chem. 277:763-773(2002) [PubMed: 11675395] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH ATG12 AND ATG19.
[17]	"A unified nomenclature for yeast autophagy-related genes." Klionsky D.J., Cregg J.M., Dunn W.A. Jr., Emr S.D., Sakai Y., Sandoval I.V., Sibirny A., Subramani S., Thumm M., Veenhuis M., Ohsumi Y. Dev. Cell 5:539-545(2003) [PubMed: 14536056] [Abstract] Cited for: NOMENCLATURE.
[18]	"Global analysis of protein expression in yeast." Ghaemmaghami S., Huh W.-K., Bower K., Howson R.W., Belle A., Dephoure N., O'Shea E.K., Weissman J.S. Nature 425:737-741(2003) [PubMed: 14562106] [Abstract] Cited for: LEVEL OF PROTEIN EXPRESSION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[19]	"In vivo and in vitro reconstitution of atg8 conjugation essential for autophagy." Ichimura Y., Imamura Y., Emoto K., Umeda M., Noda T., Ohsumi Y. J. Biol. Chem. 279:40584-40592(2004) [PubMed: 15277523] [Abstract] Cited for: CONJUGATION TO PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBLGenBankDDBJ

X79489 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA56032.1.
Z35839 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA84899.1.
AY692870 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAT92889.1.

PIR

S45432.

RefSeq

NP_009475.1.

3D structure databases

PDBPDBe

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2ZPN	X-ray	2.70	A/B/C/D	1-116	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIP

DIP:1197N.

IntAct

P38182. 6 interactions.

STRING

P38182.

Proteomic databases

PeptideAtlas

P38182.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

YBL078C; YBL078C; YBL078C; Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [Genome view]

GeneID

852200.

GenomeReviews

Gene locus YBL078C in contig Y13134_GR.

KEGG

sce:YBL078C.

NMPDR

fig|4932.3.peg.161.

Organism-specific databases

CYGD

YBL078c.

SGD

S000000174. ATG8.

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOM

P38182.

OMA

FIFVNDT.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P38182.

Genevestigator

P38182.

GermOnline

YBL078C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR004241. MAP1_LC3.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR10969. MAP1_LC3. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF02991. MAP1_LC3. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other Resources

NextBio

970694.

PMAP-CutDB

P38182.

Entry information

Entry name

ATG8_YEAST

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P38182

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1994
Last modified:	November 3, 2009
This is version 90 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

FPAP (Fungal Proteome Annotation Project)