Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P38111 (ATR_YEAST)
Last modified
November 24, 2009.
Version 91.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (3) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase MEC1 EC=2.7.11.1 Alternative name(s): DNA-damage checkpoint kinase MEC1 Mitosis entry checkpoint protein 1 ATR homolog | ||||||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) [Complete proteome] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 4932 [NCBI] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Fungi › Dikarya › Ascomycota › Saccharomycotina › Saccharomycetes › Saccharomycetales › Saccharomycetaceae › Saccharomyces |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 2368 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Recruited in complex with protein LCD1 by the single-strand-binding protein complex RPA to DNA lesions in order to initiate the DNA repair by homologous recombination, after the MRX-complex and TEL1 are displaced. Phosphorylates LCD1 and RPA2, a subunit of RPA, involved in DNA replication, repair and recombination. Phosphorylates RAD9, CHK1 and RAD53, which leads to the activation of the CHK1 and RAD53 kinases involved in DNA damage repair cascade. Phosphorylates histone H2A to form H2AS128ph (gamma-H2A) at sites of DNA damage, also involved in the regulation of DNA damage response mechanism. Phosphorylates also SLX4 and RTT107 which are proteins involved in genome stability. Required for cell growth and meiotic recombination. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.19 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with LCD1, which is required for localization MEC1 to the RPA complex. Interacts directly with the RPA subunits RFA1 and RFA2. Ref.11 Ref.19 Ref.7 Ref.8 |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Note: Localizes to nuclear DNA repair foci in response to DNA double strand breaks. The recruitment to DNA lesion sites requires its interaction with LCD1 and the presence of the RPA complex on DNA. |
| Developmental stage | Induced during meiosis. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. ATM subfamily. Contains 1 FAT domain. Contains 1 FATC domain. Contains 5 HEAT repeats. Contains 1 PI3K/PI4K domain. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCD1 | Q04377 | 4 | EBI-6668,EBI-35652 | |
| PIN4 | P34217 | 1 | EBI-6668,EBI-21256 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 2368 | 2368 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MEC1 | PRO_0000088836 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 1399 – 1944 | 546 | FAT | ||||||
| Domain | 2082 – 2368 | 287 | PI3K/PI4K | ||||||
| Domain | 2336 – 2368 | 33 | FATC | ||||||
| Region | 2140 – 2368 | 229 | Binding to the RPA complex | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 37 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.21 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 38 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ATM or ATR Ref.21 Ref.20 | ||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 225 | 1 | V → G in MEC1-101; impairs both the G1/S and intra-S damage checkpoints but not the G2/M damage checkpoint; when associated with P-552 and S-781. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 552 | 1 | S → P in MEC1-101; impairs both the G1/S and intra-S damage checkpoints but not the G2/M damage checkpoint; when associated with S-225 and S-781. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 781 | 1 | L → S in MEC1-101; impairs both the G1/S and intra-S damage checkpoints but not the G2/M damage checkpoint; when associated with S-225 and P-552. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 1179 | 1 | F → S in MEC1-100; impairs both the G1/S and intra-S damage checkpoints but not the G2/M damage checkpoint; when associated with S-1700. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 1700 | 1 | N → S in MEC1-100; impairs both the G1/S and intra-S damage checkpoints but not the G2/M damage checkpoint; when associated with S-1179. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 2224 | 1 | D → A: Impairs kinase activity; when associated with K-2229. Ref.10 Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 2229 | 1 | N → K: Impairs kinase activity; when associated with A-2224. Ref.10 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 2243 | 1 | D → E: Impairs kinase activity. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 2360 – 2362 | 3 | MYI → AAA in MEC1-85; disrupts interaction with RFA1 and severely impairs kinase activity. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 2367 – 2368 | 2 | FW → AA in MEC1-87; decreases the level of MEC1 and impairs viability. | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 197 | 1 | N → D in BAA01860. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 716 | 1 | S → P in AAA74482. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1255 | 1 | K → Q in AAA74482. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1276 | 1 | L → G in AAA74482. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "An essential gene, ESR1, is required for mitotic cell growth, DNA repair and meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Kato R., Ogawa H. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:3104-3112(1994) [PubMed: 8065923] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, INDUCTION. |
| [2] | "Mitotic checkpoint genes in budding yeast and the dependence of mitosis on DNA replication and repair." Weinert T.A., Kiser G.L., Hartwell L.H. Genes Dev. 8:652-665(1994) [PubMed: 7926756] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "The sequence of 29.7 kb from the right arm of chromosome II reveals 13 complete open reading frames, of which ten correspond to new genes." Becam A.-M., Cullin C., Grzybowska E., Lacroute F., Nasr F., Ozier-Kalogeropoulos O., Palucha A., Slonimski P.P., Zagulski M., Herbert C.J. Yeast 10:S1-S11(1994) [PubMed: 8091856] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 204508 / S288c. |
| [4] | "Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II." Feldmann H., Aigle M., Aljinovic G., Andre B., Baclet M.C., Barthe C., Baur A., Becam A.-M., Biteau N., Boles E., Brandt T., Brendel M., Brueckner M., Bussereau F., Christiansen C., Contreras R., Crouzet M., Cziepluch C. Kleine K.EMBO J. 13:5795-5809(1994) [PubMed: 7813418] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 204508 / S288c. |
| [5] | "Regulation of RAD53 by the ATM-like kinases MEC1 and TEL1 in yeast cell cycle checkpoint pathways." Sanchez Y., Desany B.A., Jones W.J., Liu Q., Wang B., Elledge S.J. Science 271:357-360(1996) [PubMed: 8553072] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [6] | "The ATM homologue MEC1 is required for phosphorylation of replication protein A in yeast." Brush G.S., Morrow D.M., Hieter P., Kelly T.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:15075-15080(1996) [PubMed: 8986766] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION OF RPA2. |
| [7] | "LCD1: an essential gene involved in checkpoint control and regulation of the MEC1 signalling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Rouse J., Jackson S.P. EMBO J. 19:5801-5812(2000) [PubMed: 11060031] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH LCD1. |
| [8] | "The checkpoint protein Ddc2, functionally related to S. pombe Rad26, interacts with Mec1 and is regulated by Mec1-dependent phosphorylation in budding yeast." Paciotti V., Clerici M., Lucchini G., Longhese M.P. Genes Dev. 14:2046-2059(2000) [PubMed: 10950868] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION OF LCD1, INTERACTION WITH LCD1. |
| [9] | "A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair." Downs J.A., Lowndes N.F., Jackson S.P. Nature 408:1001-1004(2000) [PubMed: 11140636] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [10] | "Protein kinase activity of Tel1p and Mec1p, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins related to the human ATM protein kinase." Mallory J.C., Petes T.D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:13749-13754(2000) [PubMed: 11095737] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION AS A KINASE, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-2224 AND ASN-2229. |
| [11] | "Characterization of mec1 kinase-deficient mutants and of new hypomorphic mec1 alleles impairing subsets of the DNA damage response pathway." Paciotti V., Clerici M., Scotti M., Lucchini G., Longhese M.P. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:3913-3925(2001) [PubMed: 11359899] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH LCD1, PHOSPHORYLATION OF LCD1, MUTAGENESIS OF VAL-225; SER-552; LEU-781; PHE-1179; ASN-1700; ASP-2224 AND ASP-2243. |
| [12] | "MEC3, MEC1, and DDC2 are essential components of a telomere checkpoint pathway required for cell cycle arrest during senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Enomoto S., Glowczewski L., Berman J. Mol. Biol. Cell 13:2626-2638(2002) [PubMed: 12181334] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [13] | "Yeast histone 2A serine 129 is essential for the efficient repair of checkpoint-blind DNA damage." Redon C., Pilch D.R., Rogakou E.P., Orr A.H., Lowndes N.F., Bonner W.M. EMBO Rep. 4:678-684(2003) [PubMed: 12792653] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [14] | "Choreography of the DNA damage response: spatiotemporal relationships among checkpoint and repair proteins." Lisby M., Barlow J.H., Burgess R.C., Rothstein R. Cell 118:699-713(2004) [PubMed: 15369670] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [15] | "Distribution and dynamics of chromatin modification induced by a defined DNA double-strand break." Shroff R., Arbel-Eden A., Pilch D.R., Ira G., Bonner W.M., Petrini J.H.J., Haber J.E., Lichten M. Curr. Biol. 14:1703-1711(2004) [PubMed: 15458641] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [16] | "Esc4p, a new target of Mec1p (ATR), promotes resumption of DNA synthesis after DNA damage." Rouse J. EMBO J. 23:1188-1197(2004) [PubMed: 14988729] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION OF RTT107. |
| [17] | "Slx4 becomes phosphorylated after DNA damage in a Mec1/Tel1-dependent manner and is required for repair of DNA alkylation damage." Flott S., Rouse J. Biochem. J. 391:325-333(2005) [PubMed: 15975089] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION OF SLX4. |
| [18] | "Activation of the checkpoint kinase Rad53 by the phosphatidyl inositol kinase-like kinase Mec1." Ma J.-L., Lee S.-J., Duong J.K., Stern D.F. J. Biol. Chem. 281:3954-3963(2006) [PubMed: 16365046] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF THE MEC1-LCD1 COMPLEX, PHOSPHORYLATION OF LCD1 AND RAD53. |
| [19] | "Role of the C-terminus of Mec1 checkpoint kinase in its localization to sites of DNA damage." Nakada D., Hirano Y., Tanaka Y., Sugimoto K. Mol. Biol. Cell 16:5227-5235(2005) [PubMed: 16148046] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH LCD1; RFA1 AND RFA2, MUTAGENESIS OF 2360-MET--ILE-2362 AND 2367-PHE-TRP-2368. |
| [20] | "Proteome-wide identification of in vivo targets of DNA damage checkpoint kinases." Smolka M.B., Albuquerque C.P., Chen S.H., Zhou H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:10364-10369(2007) [PubMed: 17563356] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-38, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [21] | "A multidimensional chromatography technology for in-depth phosphoproteome analysis." Albuquerque C.P., Smolka M.B., Payne S.H., Bafna V., Eng J., Zhou H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7:1389-1396(2008) [PubMed: 18407956] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-37 AND SER-38, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| X75891 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA53494.1. U31109 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA74482.1. D11088 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA01860.1. Z36005 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA85094.1. | |
| PIR | S46005. |
| RefSeq | NP_009694.1. |
3D structure databases | |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP:799N. |
| IntAct | P38111. 42 interactions. |
| STRING | P38111. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PeptideAtlas | P38111. |
| PRIDE | P38111. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | YBR136W; YBR136W; YBR136W; Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 852433. |
| KEGG | sce:YBR136W. |
| NMPDR | fig|4932.3.peg.399. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CYGD | YBR136w. |
| SGD | S000000340. MEC1. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOGENOM | P38111. |
| OMA | HCENILL |
| OrthoDB | EOG9SFBPC |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 2.7.11.1. 250. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P38111. |
| Genevestigator | P38111. |
| GermOnline | YBR136W. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR016024. ARM-type_fold. IPR003152. FATC. IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000403. PI3/4_kinase_cat. IPR018936. PI3/4_kinase_CS. IPR003151. PIK-rel_kinase_FAT. IPR014009. PIK_FAT. IPR012993. UME. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:1.10.1070.11. PI3/4_kinase_cat. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF02259. FAT. 1 hit. PF02260. FATC. 1 hit. PF00454. PI3_PI4_kinase. 1 hit. PF08064. UME. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00146. PI3Kc. 1 hit. SM00802. UME. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS51189. FAT. 1 hit. PS51190. FATC. 1 hit. PS00915. PI3_4_KINASE_1. 1 hit. PS00916. PI3_4_KINASE_2. 1 hit. PS50290. PI3_4_KINASE_3. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 971318. |
Entry information
| Entry name | ATR_YEAST | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P38111 Secondary accession number(s): Q02580 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | FPAP (Fungal Proteome Annotation Project) | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |
| Yeast Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): entries, gene names and cross-references to SGD |
| Yeast chromosome II Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) chromosome II: entries and gene names |

Clusters with


