P37295 (LCPS_NEUCR) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Bifunctional lycopene cyclase/phytoene synthase

Alternative name(s):
Protein albino-2

Including the following 2 domains:

1. Lycopene beta-cyclase
   EC=5.5.1.19
   Alternative name(s):
   Carotene cyclase
   Lycopene cyclase
2. Phytoene synthase
   EC=2.5.1.32

Gene names

Name:	al-2
ORF Names:	B22I21.230, NCU00585

Organism

Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

367110 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Fungi › Dikarya › Ascomycota › saccharomyceta › Pezizomycotina › leotiomyceta › sordariomyceta › Sordariomycetes › Sordariomycetidae › Sordariales › Sordariaceae › Neurospora › Neurospora crassa

Protein attributes

Sequence length	602 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the reactions from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to phytoene (phytoene synthase) and from lycopene to beta-carotene via the intermediate gamma-carotene and from 3,4-didehydrolycopene to torulene (lycopene cyclase). Torulene is further processed to the acidic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The cyclase preferentially catalyzes single cyclizations at only one end of the substrate to produce monocyclic carotenoids. Ref.4 Ref.5
Catalytic activity	Carotenoid psi-end group = carotenoid beta-end group. 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.
Pathway	Carotenoid biosynthesis; beta-carotene biosynthesis. Carotenoid biosynthesis; phytoene biosynthesis; all-trans-phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
Subcellular location	Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Potential.
Induction	By blue light.
Sequence similarities	In the N-terminal section; belongs to the lycopene beta-cyclase family. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
Sequence caution	The sequence EAA36489.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Carotenoid biosynthesis
Cellular component	Membrane
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Molecular function	Isomerase Transferase
Technical term	Complete proteome Multifunctional enzyme Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	carotenoid biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular_function	geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.5. Source: UniProtKB intramolecular lyase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro lycopene beta cyclase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.4Ref.5. Source: UniProtKB phytoene synthase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.5. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 602	602	Bifunctional lycopene cyclase/phytoene synthase		PRO_0000067440
Regions
	Transmembrane	6 – 26	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	30 – 50	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	76 – 96	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	118 – 138	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	146 – 166	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	168 – 188	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	230 – 250	21	Helical; Potential
	Region	1 – 241	241	Lycopene beta-cyclase
	Region	248 – 602	355	Phytoene synthase
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	189	1	W → R in JA26; Abolishes lycopene cyclase activity and accumulates a polar precursor carotenoid of neurosporaxanthin. Ref.4
	Mutagenesis	208	1	K → E in JA28; Abolishes lycopene cyclase activity and accumulates a polar precursor carotenoid of neurosporaxanthin. Ref.4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P37295 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1994. Version 1. Checksum: DDFFBD725007E5C2	FASTA	602	68,928
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MYDYAFVHLK FTVPAAVLLT AIAYPILNRI HLIQTGFLVV VAFTAALPWD AYLIKHKVWS 70 80 90 100 110 120 YPPEAIVGPR LLGIPFEELF FFVIQTYITA LVYILFNKPV LHALHLNNQQ NPPAWMRVVK 130 140 150 160 170 180 VTGQVVLVAL SVWGWNAAQV HQETSYLGLI LVWACPFLLA IWTLAGRFIL SLPWYATVLP 190 200 210 220 230 240 MFLPTFYLWA VDEFALHRGT WSIGSGTKLD FCLFGKLDIE EATFFLVTNM LIVGGMAAFD 250 260 270 280 290 300 QYLAVIYAFP TLFPKVNRYP TTHMLLQSRL INTSRYDLER IEGLREAVER LRLKSRSFYL 310 320 330 340 350 360 ANSLFSGRLR IDLILLYSFC RLADDLVDDA KSRREVLSWT AKLNHFLDLH YKDADATEDP 370 380 390 400 410 420 KKKAERIDAY IKTAFPPCAY QALHLLPTHI LPPKPLYDLI KGFEMDSQFT FHGTSDSTDL 430 440 450 460 470 480 QYPIADDKDL ENYAIYVAGT VGELCIALII YHCLPDMSDT QKRELETAAC RMGIALQYVN 490 500 510 520 530 540 IARDIVVDAR IGRVYLPTTW LKKEGLTHKM VLENPEGPEV IERMRRRLLE NAFELYGGAR 550 560 570 580 590 600 PEMQRIPSEA RGPMIGAVEN YMAIGRVLRE RKEGTVFVRM EGRATVPKRR RLSTLLRALY EQ

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Characterization of al-2, the phytoene synthase gene of Neurospora crassa. Cloning, sequence analysis, and photoregulation." Schmidhauser T.J., Lauter F.-R., Schumacher M., Zhou W., Russo V.E.A., Yanofsky C. J. Biol. Chem. 269:12060-12066(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987.
[2]	"What's in the genome of a filamentous fungus? Analysis of the Neurospora genome sequence." Mannhaupt G., Montrone C., Haase D., Mewes H.-W., Aign V., Hoheisel J.D., Fartmann B., Nyakatura G., Kempken F., Maier J., Schulte U. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:1944-1954(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987.
[3]	"The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa." Galagan J.E., Calvo S.E., Borkovich K.A., Selker E.U., Read N.D., Jaffe D.B., FitzHugh W., Ma L.-J., Smirnov S., Purcell S., Rehman B., Elkins T., Engels R., Wang S., Nielsen C.B., Butler J., Endrizzi M., Qui D. , Ianakiev P., Bell-Pedersen D., Nelson M.A., Werner-Washburne M., Selitrennikoff C.P., Kinsey J.A., Braun E.L., Zelter A., Schulte U., Kothe G.O., Jedd G., Mewes H.-W., Staben C., Marcotte E., Greenberg D., Roy A., Foley K., Naylor J., Stange-Thomann N., Barrett R., Gnerre S., Kamal M., Kamvysselis M., Mauceli E.W., Bielke C., Rudd S., Frishman D., Krystofova S., Rasmussen C., Metzenberg R.L., Perkins D.D., Kroken S., Cogoni C., Macino G., Catcheside D.E.A., Li W., Pratt R.J., Osmani S.A., DeSouza C.P.C., Glass N.L., Orbach M.J., Berglund J.A., Voelker R., Yarden O., Plamann M., Seiler S., Dunlap J.C., Radford A., Aramayo R., Natvig D.O., Alex L.A., Mannhaupt G., Ebbole D.J., Freitag M., Paulsen I., Sachs M.S., Lander E.S., Nusbaum C., Birren B.W. Nature 422:859-868(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987.
[4]	"Mutants of the carotene cyclase domain of al-2 from Neurospora crassa." Arrach N., Schmidhauser T.J., Avalos J. Mol. Genet. Genomics 266:914-921(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF TRP-189 AND LYS-208. Strain: ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987.
[5]	"The biotechnological potential of the al-2 gene from Neurospora crassa for the production of monocyclic keto hydroxy carotenoids." Sandmann G., Zhu C., Krubasik P., Fraser P.D. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1761:1085-1092(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	L27652 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA19428.1. BX842641 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAE76609.1. AABX02000002 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAA36489.2. Sequence problems.
PIR	A53583.
RefSeq	XP_965725.2. XM_960632.2.
UniGene	Ncr.25908.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P37295.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	5141.NCU00585.1.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblFungi	EFNCRT00000000733; EFNCRP00000000733; EFNCRG00000000733.
GeneID	3881954.
KEGG	ncr:NCU00585.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG1562.
OrthoDB	EOG4HQHST.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	MetaCyc:MONOMER-16129.
UniPathway	UPA00799; UER00773. UPA00802.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	1.10.600.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR017825. Lycopene_cyclase_dom. IPR002060. Squ/phyt_synthse. IPR019845. Squalene/phytoene_synthase_CS. IPR008949. Terpenoid_synth. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00494. SQS_PSY. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF48576. Terpenoid_synth. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMs	TIGR03462. CarR_dom_SF. 2 hits.
PROSITE	PS01044. SQUALEN_PHYTOEN_SYN_1. 1 hit. PS01045. SQUALEN_PHYTOEN_SYN_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

LCPS_NEUCR

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P37295
Secondary accession number(s): Q7RVN3

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1994
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 90 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Fungal Protein Annotation Program