P37287 (PIGA_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 124.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A EC=2.4.1.198 Alternative name(s): GlcNAc-PI synthesis protein Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class A protein Short name=PIG-A | ||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 484 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Necessary for the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol, the very early intermediate in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. |
| Catalytic activity | UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = UDP + 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol. |
| Pathway | Glycolipid biosynthesis; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. |
| Subunit structure | Associates with PIGC, PIGH, PIGP, PIGQ and DPM2. The latter is not essential for activity. Interacts directly with PIGY. Ref.9 |
| Subcellular location | Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. |
| Involvement in disease | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) [MIM:300818]: A disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia with hemoglobinuria, thromboses in large vessels, and a deficiency in hematopoiesis. Clinical manifestation of red blood cell breakdown with release of hemoglobin into the urine is manifested most prominently by dark-colored urine in the morning. Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2) [MIM:300868]: An X-linked recessive developmental disorder characterized by dysmorphic features, neonatal hypotonia, myoclonic seizures, and variable congenital anomalies involving the central nervous, cardiac, and urinary systems. Most affected individuals die in infancy. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: P37287-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: P37287-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 115-283: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: P37287-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-4: MACR → MELT 5-238: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 484 | 484 | Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A | PRO_0000080326 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Topological domain | 1 – 421 | 421 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 422 – 442 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 443 – 484 | 42 | Lumenal Potential | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 21 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 4 | 4 | MACR → MELT in isoform 3. | VSP_043366 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 5 – 238 | 234 | Missing in isoform 3. | VSP_043367 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 115 – 283 | 169 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_001802 | |||||
| Natural variant | 19 | 1 | R → W in PNH. Ref.14 Corresponds to variant rs34422225 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_015442 | |||||
| Natural variant | 40 | 1 | D → H in PNH. Ref.14 | VAR_015436 | |||||
| Natural variant | 48 | 1 | G → A in PNH. Ref.14 | VAR_015437 | |||||
| Natural variant | 48 | 1 | G → D in PNH. Ref.14 | VAR_015438 | |||||
| Natural variant | 48 | 1 | G → V in PNH. Ref.15 | VAR_015439 | |||||
| Natural variant | 128 | 1 | H → R in PNH. Ref.14 | VAR_015440 | |||||
| Natural variant | 155 | 1 | S → F in PNH. Ref.12 | VAR_005531 | |||||
| Natural variant | 239 | 1 | G → R in PNH. Ref.14 | VAR_015441 | |||||
| Natural variant | 297 | 1 | N → D in PNH. Ref.13 | VAR_005532 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "The cloning of PIG-A, a component in the early step of GPI-anchor biosynthesis." Miyata T., Takeda J., Iida Y., Yamada N., Inoue N., Takahashi M., Maeda K., Kitani T., Kinoshita T. Science 259:1318-1320(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [2] | "Genomic organization of the X-linked gene (PIG-A) that is mutated in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and of a related autosomal pseudogene mapped to 12q21." Bessler M., Hillmen P., Longo L., Luzzatto L., Mason P.J. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:751-757(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [3] | "Characterization of genomic PIG-A gene: a gene for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria." Iida Y., Takeda J., Miyata T., Inoue N., Nishimura J., Kitani T., Maeda K., Kinoshita T. Blood 83:3126-3131(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [4] | "Characterization of alternatively spliced PIG-A transcripts in normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells." Yu J., Nagarajan S., Ueda E., Knez J.J., Petersen R.B., Medof M.E. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 27:195-201(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). |
| [5] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). Tissue: Thymus. |
| [6] | "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome." Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L., Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C. Bentley D.R.Nature 434:325-337(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain. |
| [8] | "Deficiency of the GPI anchor caused by a somatic mutation of the PIG-A gene in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria." Takeda J., Miyata T., Kawagoe K., Iida Y., Endo Y., Fujita T., Takahashi M., Kitani T., Kinoshita T. Cell 73:703-711(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 301-420, DISEASE. |
| [9] | "The initial enzyme for glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis requires PIG-Y, a seventh component." Murakami Y., Siripanyaphinyo U., Hong Y., Tashima Y., Maeda Y., Kinoshita T. Mol. Biol. Cell 16:5236-5246(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PIGY. |
| [10] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-21, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [11] | "The phenotype of a germline mutation in PIGA: the gene somatically mutated in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria." Johnston J.J., Gropman A.L., Sapp J.C., Teer J.K., Martin J.M., Liu C.F., Yuan X., Ye Z., Cheng L., Brodsky R.A., Biesecker L.G. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 90:295-300(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN MCAHS2. |
| [12] | "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is caused by somatic mutations in the PIG-A gene." Bessler M., Mason P.J., Hilmen P., Miyata T., Yamada N., Takeda J., Luzzato L., Kinoshita T. EMBO J. 13:110-117(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PNH PHE-155. |
| [13] | "Mutations within the Piga gene in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria." Ware R.E., Rosse W.F., Howard T.A. Blood 83:2418-2422(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PNH ASP-297. |
| [14] | "The spectrum of somatic mutations in the PIG-A gene in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria includes large deletions and small duplications." Nafa K., Bessler M., Castro-Malaspina H., Jhanwar S., Luzzatto L. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 24:370-384(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS PNH TRP-19; HIS-40; ALA-48; ASP-48; ARG-128 AND ARG-239. |
| [15] | "Mutation analysis of the PIG-A gene in Korean patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria." Yoon J.H., Cho H.I., Park S.S., Chang Y.H., Kim B.K. J. Clin. Pathol. 55:410-413(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PNH VAL-48. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| Functional Glycomics Gateway - GTase Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | D11466 mRNA. Translation: BAA02019.1. X77725 X77728 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB57276.1. Sequence problems.D28791 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA05966.1. S74936 mRNA. Translation: AAD14160.1. AK303538 mRNA. Translation: BAG64564.1. AC095351 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC038236 mRNA. Translation: AAH38236.1. S61523 mRNA. Translation: AAD13929.1. |
| IPI | IPI00020966. IPI00220404. IPI00942148. |
| PIR | A46217. |
| RefSeq | NP_002632.1. NM_002641.3. NP_065206.3. NM_020473.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.137154. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P37287. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000369820. |
Protein family/group databases | |
| CAZy | GT4. Glycosyltransferase Family 4. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P37287. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 585696. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P37287. |
| PRIDE | P37287. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 5277. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000333590; ENSP00000369820; ENSG00000165195. ENST00000542278; ENSP00000442653; ENSG00000165195. |
| GeneID | 5277. |
| KEGG | hsa:5277. |
| UCSC | uc004cwr.3. human. uc010nev.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 5277. |
| GeneCards | GC0XM015337. |
| HGNC | HGNC:8957. PIGA. |
| HPA | HPA001174. |
| MIM | 300818. phenotype. 300868. phenotype. 311770. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P37287. |
| Orphanet | 300496. Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome type 2. 447. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. |
| PharmGKB | PA33288. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0438. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000203293. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG008198. |
| InParanoid | P37287. |
| KO | K03857. |
| OMA | VHGHSAF. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4GF3F7. |
| PhylomeDB | P37287. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_17015. Metabolism of proteins. |
| UniPathway | UPA00196. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P37287. |
| Bgee | P37287. |
| CleanEx | HS_PIGA. |
| Genevestigator | P37287. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000165195. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR001296. Glyco_trans_1. IPR013234. PIGA_GPI_anchor_biosynthesis. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00534. Glycos_transf_1. 1 hit. PF08288. PIGA. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 5277. |
| NextBio | 20392. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | PIGA_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P37287 Secondary accession number(s): B4E0V2, Q16025, Q16250 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome X Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
