ID   PSY_ARATH               Reviewed;         422 AA.
AC   P37271; O22375; Q8LE86;
DT   01-OCT-1994, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   10-JAN-2003, sequence version 2.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 165.
DE   RecName: Full=Phytoene synthase 1, chloroplastic {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8016277, ECO:0000303|Ref.2};
DE            EC=2.5.1.32 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25675505};
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=PSY1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8016277};
GN   Synonyms=PSY {ECO:0000303|Ref.2};
GN   OrderedLocusNames=At5g17230 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT5G17230};
GN   ORFNames=MKP11.8 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:BAB10510.1};
OS   Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC   rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia; TISSUE=Etiolated seedling;
RX   PubMed=8016277; DOI=10.1104/pp.104.4.1471;
RA   Scolnik P.A., Bartley G.E.;
RT   "Nucleotide sequence of an Arabidopsis cDNA for phytoene synthase.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 104:1471-1472(1994).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RA   Castrignano F., Giuliano G.;
RT   "Sequence of the phytoene synthase gene of Arabidopsis.";
RL   Submitted (JUN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=9330910; DOI=10.1093/dnares/4.3.215;
RA   Sato S., Kotani H., Nakamura Y., Kaneko T., Asamizu E., Fukami M.,
RA   Miyajima N., Tabata S.;
RT   "Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. I. Sequence
RT   features of the 1.6 Mb regions covered by twenty physically assigned P1
RT   clones.";
RL   DNA Res. 4:215-230(1997).
RN   [4]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA   Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA   Town C.D.;
RT   "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT   genome.";
RL   Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA   Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA   Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA   Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA   Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA   Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA   Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA   Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA   Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA   Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA   Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA   Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA   Ecker J.R.;
RT   "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT   genome.";
RL   Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA   Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B.,
RA   Feldmann K.A.;
RT   "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [7]
RP   INTERACTION WITH OR, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX   PubMed=26224804; DOI=10.1104/pp.15.00971;
RA   Yuan H., Owsiany K., Sheeja T.E., Zhou X., Rodriguez C., Li Y., Welsch R.,
RA   Chayut N., Yang Y., Thannhauser T.W., Parthasarathy M.V., Xu Q., Deng X.,
RA   Fei Z., Schaffer A., Katzir N., Burger J., Tadmor Y., Li L.;
RT   "A single amino acid substitution in an ORANGE protein promotes carotenoid
RT   overaccumulation in Arabidopsis.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 169:421-431(2015).
RN   [8]
RP   FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, INTERACTION WITH OR AND ORLIKE, AND
RP   SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX   PubMed=25675505; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1420831112;
RA   Zhou X., Welsch R., Yang Y., Alvarez D., Riediger M., Yuan H., Fish T.,
RA   Liu J., Thannhauser T.W., Li L.;
RT   "Arabidopsis OR proteins are the major posttranscriptional regulators of
RT   phytoene synthase in controlling carotenoid biosynthesis.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112:3558-3563(2015).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reaction from prephytoene diphosphate to
CC       phytoene. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25675505}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=2 (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 15-cis-phytoene + 2
CC         diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:34475, ChEBI:CHEBI:27787,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:58756; EC=2.5.1.32;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:25675505};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Carotenoid biosynthesis; phytoene biosynthesis; all-trans-
CC       phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate: step 1/1. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer (By similarity). Interacts with OR (PubMed:26224804,
CC       PubMed:25675505). Interacts with ORLIKE (PubMed:25675505).
CC       {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25675505,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:26224804}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25675505, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26224804}; Peripheral
CC       membrane protein {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=1;
CC         Comment=A number of isoforms are produced. According to EST
CC         sequences.;
CC       Name=1;
CC         IsoId=P37271-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; L25812; AAA32836.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF009954; AAB65697.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AB005238; BAB10510.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002688; AED92399.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002688; AED92400.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002688; ANM69856.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BT000450; AAN17427.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BT002084; AAN72095.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY085565; AAM62787.1; -; mRNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001031895.1; NM_001036818.2. [P37271-1]
DR   RefSeq; NP_001331504.1; NM_001343484.1. [P37271-1]
DR   RefSeq; NP_197225.1; NM_121729.3. [P37271-1]
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P37271; -.
DR   SMR; P37271; -.
DR   BioGRID; 16863; 3.
DR   STRING; 3702.P37271; -.
DR   PaxDb; 3702-AT5G17230-3; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 248672; -. [P37271-1]
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT5G17230.1; AT5G17230.1; AT5G17230. [P37271-1]
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT5G17230.2; AT5G17230.2; AT5G17230. [P37271-1]
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT5G17230.4; AT5G17230.4; AT5G17230. [P37271-1]
DR   GeneID; 831587; -.
DR   Gramene; AT5G17230.1; AT5G17230.1; AT5G17230. [P37271-1]
DR   Gramene; AT5G17230.2; AT5G17230.2; AT5G17230. [P37271-1]
DR   Gramene; AT5G17230.4; AT5G17230.4; AT5G17230. [P37271-1]
DR   KEGG; ath:AT5G17230; -.
DR   Araport; AT5G17230; -.
DR   TAIR; AT5G17230; PSY.
DR   eggNOG; KOG1459; Eukaryota.
DR   InParanoid; P37271; -.
DR   OMA; YSTRAQK; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; P37271; -.
DR   BioCyc; ARA:AT5G17230-MONOMER; -.
DR   BioCyc; MetaCyc:AT5G17230-MONOMER; -.
DR   BRENDA; 2.5.1.32; 399.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00799; UER00773.
DR   PRO; PR:P37271; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 5.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; P37271; baseline and differential.
DR   GO; GO:0009507; C:chloroplast; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0031969; C:chloroplast membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0004311; F:farnesyltranstransferase activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0016767; F:geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0016117; P:carotenoid biosynthetic process; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   CDD; cd00683; Trans_IPPS_HH; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.600.10; Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR008949; Isoprenoid_synthase_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR002060; Squ/phyt_synthse.
DR   InterPro; IPR019845; Squalene/phytoene_synthase_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR044843; Trans_IPPS_bact-type.
DR   InterPro; IPR033904; Trans_IPPS_HH.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR31480; BIFUNCTIONAL LYCOPENE CYCLASE/PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR31480:SF2; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE, CHLOROPLASTIC; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00494; SQS_PSY; 1.
DR   SFLD; SFLDG01212; Phytoene_synthase_like; 1.
DR   SFLD; SFLDG01018; Squalene/Phytoene_Synthase_Lik; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF48576; Terpenoid synthases; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS01044; SQUALEN_PHYTOEN_SYN_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS01045; SQUALEN_PHYTOEN_SYN_2; 1.
DR   Genevisible; P37271; AT.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Alternative splicing; Carotenoid biosynthesis; Chloroplast;
KW   Isoprene biosynthesis; Membrane; Plastid; Reference proteome; Transferase;
KW   Transit peptide.
FT   TRANSIT         1..70
FT                   /note="Chloroplast"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CHAIN           71..422
FT                   /note="Phytoene synthase 1, chloroplastic"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000029852"
FT   CONFLICT        60
FT                   /note="R -> M (in Ref. 6; AAM62787)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        128
FT                   /note="L -> LV (in Ref. 1; AAA32836)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        143
FT                   /note="A -> P (in Ref. 1; AAA32836)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   422 AA;  47487 MW;  C44F0A512F2DD31E CRC64;
     MSSSVAVLWV ATSSLNPDPM NNCGLVRVLE SSRLFSPCQN QRLNKGKKKQ IPTWSSSFVR
     NRSRRIGVVS SSLVASPSGE IALSSEEKVY NVVLKQAALV NKQLRSSSYD LDVKKPQDVV
     LPGSLSLLGE AYDRCGEVCA EYAKTFYLGT LLMTPERRKA IWAIYVWCRR TDELVDGPNA
     SHITPMALDR WEARLEDLFR GRPFDMLDAA LADTVARYPV DIQPFRDMIE GMRMDLKKSR
     YQNFDDLYLY CYYVAGTVGL MSVPVMGIDP KSKATTESVY NAALALGIAN QLTNILRDVG
     EDARRGRVYL PQDELAQAGL SDEDIFAGKV TDKWRNFMKM QLKRARMFFD EAEKGVTELS
     AASRWPVWAS LLLYRRILDE IEANDYNNFT KRAYVGKVKK IAALPLAYAK SVLKTSSSRL
     SI
//