P37229 (MDHP2_SORBI) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name: Malate dehydrogenase [NADP] 2, chloroplastic EC=1.1.1.82 Alternative name(s): NADP-MDH-2
Organism	Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) (Sorghum vulgare)
Taxonomic identifier	4558 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › Liliopsida › Poales › Poaceae › PACMAD clade › Panicoideae › Andropogoneae › Sorghum

Protein attributes

Sequence length	432 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	The chloroplastic, NADP-dependent form is essential for the photosynthesis C4 cycle, which allows plants to circumvent the problem of photorespiration. In C4 plants, NADP-MDH activity acts to convert oxaloacetate to malate in chloroplasts of mesophyll cells for transport to the bundle sheath cells.
Catalytic activity	(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH.
Enzyme regulation	Chloroplast NADP-MDH is activated upon illumination. In order to be enzymatically active, disulfides bridges on the protein must be reduced by thioredoxin which receives electrons from ferredoxin and the electron transport system of photosynthesis.
Subunit structure	Homodimer By similarity.
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Chloroplast Plastid
Domain	Transit peptide
Ligand	NADP
Molecular function	Oxidoreductase
PTM	Disulfide bond
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	carbohydrate metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro malate metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Cellular component	chloroplast Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC nucleotide binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 40	40	Chloroplast By similarity
	Chain	41 – 432	392	Malate dehydrogenase [NADP] 2, chloroplastic		PRO_0000018648
Regions
	Nucleotide binding	96 – 102	7	NADP By similarity
	Nucleotide binding	214 – 216	3	NADP By similarity
Sites
	Active site	272	1	Proton acceptor By similarity
	Binding site	177	1	Substrate By similarity
	Binding site	183	1	Substrate By similarity
	Binding site	190	1	NADP By similarity
	Binding site	197	1	NAD By similarity
	Binding site	216	1	Substrate By similarity
	Binding site	247	1	Substrate By similarity
	Site	67	1	Activation of NADP-MDH
	Site	72	1	Activation of NADP-MDH
Amino acid modifications
	Disulfide bond	67 ↔ 72		In oxidized inactive NAD-MDH
	Disulfide bond	408 ↔ 420		In oxidized inactive NAD-MDH By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P37229 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1994. Version 1. Checksum: 94CAB78C824DB5AA	FASTA	432	46,640
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGLSTAYSPA GSGLVPAPLA RAARRRSVQV RRPRLATVRC SVVDAAKQVQ DGVATAVGGG 70 80 90 100 110 120 AASGNECFGV FCNIYDLKAE DKTKSWKKLV TIAVSGAAGM ISNHLLFKLA SGEVFGQDQP 130 140 150 160 170 180 IALKLLGSER SFQALEGVRM ELEDSLYPLL REVSIGIGPY EVFQDVDWAL LIGAKPRGPG 190 200 210 220 230 240 MERAALLDIN GQIFADQGKA LNAVASRNVK VLVVGNPCNT NALICLKNTP NIPAKNFHAL 250 260 270 280 290 300 TRLDENRAKC QIALKAGVFY DKVSNVTIWG NHSTTQVPDF LNAKIDGRPV KEIIQDTKWL 310 320 330 340 350 360 EEEFTMTVQK RGGVLIQKWG RSSAASTAVS IVDAIKSLVT PTPEGEWFST GVYTTGNPYG 370 380 390 400 410 420 IAEDIVFSMP CRSKGDGDYE LATDVSMDDF LWERIKKSEA ELLAEKKCVA HLTGEGDAFC 430 DLPEDTMLPG EN

References

[1]	"Organization and expression of the two homologous genes encoding the NADP-malate dehydrogenase in Sorghum vulgare leaves." Luchetta P., Cretin C., Gadal P. Mol. Gen. Genet. 228:473-481(1991) [PubMed: 1896015] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. INRA 450. Tissue: Leaf.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	X54404 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA38270.1. S55884 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB19835.2.
PIR	S17781. S20743.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P37229.
SMR	P37229. Positions 66-429.
ModBase	Search...
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	Sb07g023910.2; Sb07g023910.2; Sb07g023910.
Organism-specific databases
Gramene	P37229.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	1.1.1.82. 5768.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR022383. Lactate/malate_DH_C. IPR001236. Lactate/malate_DH_N. IPR015955. Lactate_DH/Glyco_Ohase_4_C. IPR001252. Malate_DH_AS. IPR011273. Malate_DH_NADP-dep_pln. IPR010945. Malate_DH_type2. IPR016040. NAD(P)-bd_dom. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.90.110.10. lact_mal_DH. 1 hit. G3DSA:3.40.50.720. NAD(P)-bd. 1 hit.
PANTHER	PTHR23382. MDH_SF1. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF02866. Ldh_1_C. 1 hit. PF00056. Ldh_1_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF56327. Lactate_DH/Glyco_hydro_4_C. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01757. Malate-DH_plant. 1 hit. TIGR01759. MalateDH-SF1. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00068. MDH. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

MDHP2_SORBI

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P37229

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1994
Last modified:	December 14, 2011
This is version 87 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program