Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P36193 (DROS_DROME)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Drosocin

Gene names

Name:	Dro
ORF Names:	CG10816

Organism

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

7227 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Arthropoda › Hexapoda › Insecta › Pterygota › Neoptera › Endopterygota › Diptera › Brachycera › Muscomorpha › Ephydroidea › Drosophilidae › Drosophila › Sophophora

Protein attributes

Sequence length	64 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Antibacterial peptide with strong anti-Gram-negative bacteria activity.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	In hemolymph 6 hours after immune challenge, levels of expression increase for first 24 hours and persist for the following two weeks. Ref.7
Developmental stage	Expressed in larvae and in adults.
Induction	By bacterial infection. Ref.7
Post-translational modification	O-glycosylation is essential for full biological activity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the drosocin family.
Mass spectrometry	Molecular mass is 2401.9 Da from positions 22 - 40. Determined by MALDI. With monosaccharide on Thr-32. Ref.7 Molecular mass is 2564.4 Da from positions 22 - 40. Determined by MALDI. With disaccharide on Ser-28 and Thr-32. Ref.7

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Immune response Innate immunity
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Antibiotic Antimicrobial
PTM	Cleavage on pair of basic residues Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	antibacterial humoral response Inferred from expression pattern. Source: FlyBase defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Inferred from direct assay. Source: FlyBase innate immune response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	extracellular region Ref.1 Ref.7 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	Gram-negative bacterial binding Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB Gram-positive bacterial binding Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 19	19	Potential
	Propeptide	20 – 21	2	Ref.1		PRO_0000004958
	Peptide	22 – 40	19	Drosocin		PRO_0000004959
	Propeptide	43 – 64	22	Potential		PRO_0000004960
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	28	1	O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.7
	Glycosylation	32	1	O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.1
Natural variations
	Natural variant	52	1	A → T in strain: 2CPA7, 2CPA14, 2CPA43, 2CPA46, 2CPA51, 2CPA103, 2CPA129, 8C, 10C, 10D and Berkeley.
	Natural variant	64	1	A → V in strain: 2CPA51.
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	17	1	A → G Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	17	1	A → G Ref.6

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P36193-1 [UniParc]. Last modified June 1, 1994. Version 1. Checksum: 51CE9C9A42FCAD10	FASTA	64	7,069
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKFTIVFLLL ACVFAMAVAT PGKPRPYSPR PTSHPRPIRV RREALAIEDH LAQAAIRPPP ILPA

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A novel inducible antibacterial peptide of Drosophila carries an O-glycosylated substitution." Bulet P., Dimarcq J.-L., Hetru C., Lagueux M., Charlet M., Hegy G., van Dorsselaer A., Hoffmann J.A. J. Biol. Chem. 268:14893-14897(1993) [PubMed: 8325867] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 22-40, GLYCOSYLATION AT THR-32. Strain: Oregon-R.
[2]	"Cloning of the gene encoding the antibacterial peptide drosocin involved in Drosophila immunity. Expression studies during the immune response." Charlet M., Lagueux M., Reichhart J.-M., Hoffmann D., Braun A., Meister M. Eur. J. Biochem. 241:699-706(1996) [PubMed: 8944755] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Oregon-R.
[3]	"Molecular population genetics of inducible antibacterial peptide genes in Drosophila melanogaster." Lazzaro B.P., Clark A.G. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20:914-923(2003) [PubMed: 12716986] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: 10B, 10C, 10D, 10F, 10G, 10H, 2CPA1, 2CPA103, 2CPA105, 2CPA118, 2CPA12, 2CPA122, 2CPA129, 2CPA14, 2CPA43, 2CPA46, 2CPA51, 2CPA7, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E, 8F, 8G, 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F, 9G and 9H.
[4]	"The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster." Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D., Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F., George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N., Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D. , Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C., Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C., Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A., An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A., Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V., Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J., Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E., Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B., Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I., Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C., Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S., Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M., Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M., Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D., Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F., Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D., Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A., Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C., McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C., Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L., Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R., Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V., Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F., Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J., Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R., Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y., Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T., Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S., Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W., Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M., Venter J.C. Science 287:2185-2195(2000) [PubMed: 10731132] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Berkeley.
[5]	"Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review." Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S., Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E., Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P., Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J. , Drysdale R.A., Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M., Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E. Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002) [PubMed: 12537572] [Abstract] Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
[6]	"A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource." Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M., George R.A., Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Rubin G.M., Celniker S.E. Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002) [PubMed: 12537569] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: Berkeley. Tissue: Head.
[7]	"Differential display of peptides induced during the immune response of Drosophila: a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry study." Uttenweiler-Joseph S., Moniatte M., Lagueux M., van Dorsselaer A., Hoffmann J.A., Bulet P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:11342-11347(1998) [PubMed: 9736738] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT SER-28, INDUCTION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]	"Conformational studies by NMR of the antimicrobial peptide, drosocin, and its non-glycosylated derivative: effects of glycosylation on solution conformation." McManus A.M., Otvos L. Jr., Hoffmann R., Craik D.J. Biochemistry 38:705-714(1999) [PubMed: 9888811] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	Z21942 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA79936.1. X98416 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA67062.1. AY224606 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72465.1. AY224607 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72466.1. AY224608 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72467.1. AY224609 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72468.1. AY224610 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72469.1. AY224611 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72470.1. AY224612 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72471.1. AY224613 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72472.1. AY224614 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72473.1. AY224615 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72474.1. AY224616 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72475.1. AY224617 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72476.1. AY224643 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72502.1. AY224644 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72503.1. AY224645 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72504.1. AY224646 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72505.1. AY224647 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72506.1. AY224648 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72507.1. AY224649 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72508.1. AY224650 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72509.1. AY224651 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72510.1. AY224652 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72511.1. AY224653 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72512.1. AY224654 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72513.1. AY224655 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72514.1. AY224656 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72515.1. AY224657 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72516.1. AY224658 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72517.1. AY224659 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72518.1. AY224660 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72519.1. AY224661 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72520.1. AY224662 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO72521.1. AE013599 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF58216.1. AY113579 mRNA. Translation: AAM29584.1.
PIR	A47103. S35984.
RefSeq	NP_523744.1.
UniGene	Dm.19928
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	FBgn0010388. Drosophila melanogaster. [Contig view]
GeneID	36635.
KEGG	dme:Dmel_CG10816.
Organism-specific databases
FlyBase	FBgn0010388. Dro.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	P36193.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P36193.
GermOnline	CG10816. Drosophila melanogaster.
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	799611.

Entry information

Entry name

DROS_DROME

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P36193
Secondary accession number(s): Q53ZZ5 , Q867T5, Q86BV9, Q9V749

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	June 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	June 1, 1994
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 78 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

Drosophila annotation project