P35908 (K22E_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 121.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal Alternative name(s): Cytokeratin-2e Short name=CK-2e Epithelial keratin-2e Keratin-2 epidermis Keratin-2e Short name=K2e Type-II keratin Kb2 | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 639 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Probably contributes to terminal cornification. Associated with keratinocyte activation, proliferation and keratinization. Ref.1 Ref.6 |
| Subunit structure | Heterotetramer of two type I and two type II keratins. Associates with KRT10 By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in the upper spinous and granular suprabasal layers of normal adult epidermal tissues from most body sites including thigh, breast nipple, foot sole, penile shaft and axilla. Not present in foreskin, squamous metaplasias and carcinomas. Expression in hypertrophic and keloid scars begins in the deepest suprabasal layer. Weakly expressed in normal gingiva and tongue, however expression is induced in benign keratoses of lingual mucosa and in mild-to-moderate oral dysplasia with orthokeratinization. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.6 |
| Developmental stage | Synthesized during maturation of epidermal keratinocytes and localized in the upper intermediate cells of fetal skin. Earliest expression is at 10 weeks in the developing embryo in the presumptive nail bed of developing digits, shifting to the proximal nail fold by 13.5 weeks. At 12.5 weeks, detected in scattered cells of the intermediate layer of trunk skin. At 19.3 weeks, regional expression patterns were observed in upper intermediate keratinocytes of cheek, trunk, dorsal and ventral knee, elbow and dorsal hand. Distal areas around the periumbilical region showed increased number of positive cells and by 15 weeks is expressed in small groups of cells in the fetal hair follicles. Ref.1 Ref.5 |
| Involvement in disease | Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS) [MIM:146800]: A rare autosomal dominant skin disorder displaying a type of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis characterized by generalized erythema and extensive blistering from birth. Large, dark gray hyperkeratoses are observed in later weeks. The skin of IBS patients is unusually fragile and has a tendency to shed the outer layers of the epidermis, producing localized denuded areas (molting effect). IBS usually improves with age so that in most middle-aged patients the hyperkeratosis and keratotic lichenification is limited to the flexural folds of the major joints. |
| Miscellaneous | There are two types of cytoskeletal and microfibrillar keratin: I (acidic; 40-55 kDa) and II (neutral to basic; 56-70 kDa). |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the intermediate filament family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Intermediate filament Keratin |
| Coding sequence diversity | Polymorphism |
| Disease | Disease mutation Ichthyosis |
| Domain | Coiled coil |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | Complete proteome Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological_process | keratinization Inferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: UniProtKB keratinocyte activationInferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: UniProtKB keratinocyte migrationInferred from direct assay PubMed 15737202. Source: UniProtKB keratinocyte proliferationInferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: UniProtKB |
| Cellular_component | Golgi apparatus Inferred from direct assay. Source: HPA intermediate filamentTraceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc keratin filamentInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro |
| Molecular_function | structural constituent of cytoskeleton Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 639 | 639 | Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal | PRO_0000063715 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Region | 1 – 177 | 177 | Head | ||||||
| Region | 178 – 487 | 310 | Rod | ||||||
| Region | 178 – 213 | 36 | Coil 1A | ||||||
| Region | 214 – 232 | 19 | Linker 1 | ||||||
| Region | 233 – 324 | 92 | Coil 1B | ||||||
| Region | 325 – 348 | 24 | Linker 12 | ||||||
| Region | 349 – 487 | 139 | Coil 2 | ||||||
| Region | 488 – 639 | 152 | Tail | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Site | 429 | 1 | Stutter | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 62 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.7 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 579 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 101 | 1 | S → G. Ref.1 Ref.2 Corresponds to variant rs2634041 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_058293 | |||||
| Natural variant | 181 | 1 | Q → P in IBS. Ref.10 | VAR_003865 | |||||
| Natural variant | 182 | 1 | I → N in IBS. Ref.16 Corresponds to variant rs61622714 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_010514 | |||||
| Natural variant | 186 | 1 | N → D in IBS. Ref.20 | VAR_010515 | |||||
| Natural variant | 186 | 1 | N → K in IBS. Ref.21 Corresponds to variant rs61726457 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_017829 | |||||
| Natural variant | 186 | 1 | N → Y in IBS. Ref.2 Corresponds to variant rs61726454 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_009185 | |||||
| Natural variant | 219 | 1 | G → D. Corresponds to variant rs638043 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_058294 | |||||
| Natural variant | 465 | 1 | E → D in IBS. Ref.19 | VAR_031082 | |||||
| Natural variant | 465 | 1 | E → K in IBS. Ref.19 | VAR_031083 | |||||
| Natural variant | 476 | 1 | E → K in IBS. Ref.2 Corresponds to variant rs56829062 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_009186 | |||||
| Natural variant | 476 | 1 | E → V in IBS. Ref.17 Corresponds to variant rs60537449 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_031084 | |||||
| Natural variant | 477 | 1 | I → N in IBS. Ref.18 | VAR_031085 | |||||
| Natural variant | 479 | 1 | T → P in IBS. Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs61726453 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_009187 | |||||
| Natural variant | 484 | 1 | L → P in IBS. Ref.10 Ref.22 Corresponds to variant rs61726451 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_010516 | |||||
| Natural variant | 487 | 1 | E → D in IBS. Ref.11 Corresponds to variant rs61726450 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_003866 | |||||
| Natural variant | 487 | 1 | E → K in IBS. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.22 Corresponds to variant rs61726449 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_003867 | |||||
| Natural variant | 488 | 1 | E → K in IBS. Ref.12 Corresponds to variant rs61726452 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_031086 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 108 | 1 | F → FGGGSGF in AAC83410. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 108 | 1 | F → FGGGSGF in AAB81946. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
| ||||||||||||||||||
References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Characterization of human cytokeratin 2, an epidermal cytoskeletal protein synthesized late during differentiation." Collin C., Moll R., Kubicka S., Ouhayoun J.-P., Franke W.W. Exp. Cell Res. 202:132-141(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, VARIANT GLY-101. Tissue: Thigh epidermis. |
| [2] | "Genomic organization and fine mapping of the keratin 2e gene (KRT2E): K2e V1 domain polymorphism and novel mutations in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Smith F.J.D., Maingi C., Covello S.P., Higgins C., Schmidt M., Lane E.B., Uitto J., Leigh I.M., McLean W.H.I. J. Invest. Dermatol. 111:817-821(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS IBS TYR-186 AND LYS-476, VARIANT GLY-101. |
| [3] | "The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12." Scherer S.E., Muzny D.M., Buhay C.J., Chen R., Cree A., Ding Y., Dugan-Rocha S., Gill R., Gunaratne P., Harris R.A., Hawes A.C., Hernandez J., Hodgson A.V., Hume J., Jackson A., Khan Z.M., Kovar-Smith C., Lewis L.R. Gibbs R.A.Nature 440:346-351(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [5] | "Ontogeny and regional variability of keratin 2e (K2e) in developing human fetal skin: a unique spatial and temporal pattern of keratin expression in development." Smith L.T., Underwood R.A., McLean W.H.I. Br. J. Dermatol. 140:582-591(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [6] | "Expression of keratin K2e in cutaneous and oral lesions: association with keratinocyte activation, proliferation, and keratinization." Bloor B.K., Tidman N., Leigh I.M., Odell E., Dogan B., Wollina U., Ghali L., Waseem A. Am. J. Pathol. 162:963-975(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [7] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-62, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [8] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [9] | "Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens -- a disease involving keratin 2e." McLean W.H.I., Morley S.M., Lane E.B., Eady R.A.J., Griffiths W.A.D., Paige D.G., Harper J.I., Higgins C., Leigh I.M. J. Invest. Dermatol. 103:277-281(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS LYS-487. |
| [10] | "Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens is caused by mutations in the keratin 2e gene." Kremer H., Zeeuwen P., McLean W.H.I., Mariman E.C.M., Lane E.B., van de Kerkhof P.C.M., Ropers H.-H., Steijlen P.M. J. Invest. Dermatol. 103:286-289(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS IBS PRO-181; PRO-484 AND LYS-487. |
| [11] | "Mutations in the rod domain of keratin 2e in patients with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Rothnagel J.A., Traupe H., Wojcik S., Huber M., Hohl D., Pittelkow M.R., Saeki H., Ishibashi Y., Roop D.R. Nat. Genet. 7:485-490(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS IBS ASP-487 AND LYS-487. |
| [12] | "A new keratin 2e mutation in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Jones D.O., Watts C., Mills C., Sharpe G., Marks R., Bowden P.E. J. Invest. Dermatol. 108:354-356(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS IBS LYS-487 AND LYS-488. |
| [13] | "A novel threonine-to-proline mutation at the end of 2B rod domain in the keratin 2e chain in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Yang J.-M., Lee S., Bang H.-D., Kim W.-S., Lee E.-S., Steinert P.M. J. Invest. Dermatol. 109:116-118(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS PRO-479. |
| [14] | "A glutamate to lysine mutation at the end of 2B rod domain of keratin 2e gene in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Yang J.-M., Lee E.-S., Kang H.-J., Choi G.-S., Yoneda K., Jung S.-Y., Park K.-B., Steinert P.M., Lee E.-S. Acta Derm. Venereol. 78:417-419(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS LYS-487. |
| [15] | "Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens: report of a family with evidence of a keratin 2e mutation, and a review of the literature." Basarab T., Smith F.J., Jolliffe V.M., McLean W.H.I., Neill S., Rustin M.H., Eady R.A. Br. J. Dermatol. 140:689-695(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS LYS-487. |
| [16] | "A novel mutation in the 1A domain of keratin 2e in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Arin M.J., Longley M.A., Epstein E.H. Jr., Scott G., Goldsmith L.A., Rothnagel J.A., Roop D.R. J. Invest. Dermatol. 112:380-382(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS ASN-182. |
| [17] | "Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens resulting from a novel missense mutation near the helix termination motif of the keratin 2e gene." Moraru R., Cserhalmi-Friedman P.B., Grossman M.E., Schneiderman P., Christiano A.M. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 24:412-415(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS VAL-476. |
| [18] | "A novel mutation in the 2B domain of keratin 2e causing ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Irvine A.D., Smith F.J., Shum K.W., Williams H.C., McLean W.H.I. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 25:648-651(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS ASN-477. |
| [19] | "Hot spot mutations in keratin 2e suggest a correlation between genotype and phenotype in patients with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Suga Y., Arin M.J., Scott G., Goldsmith L.A., Magro C.M., Baden L.A., Baden H.P., Roop D.R. Exp. Dermatol. 9:11-15(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS IBS LYS-465 AND ASP-465. |
| [20] | "A novel asparagine-->aspartic acid mutation in the rod 1A domain in keratin 2e in a Japanese family with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Takizawa Y., Akiyama M., Nagashima M., Shimizu H. J. Invest. Dermatol. 114:193-195(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS ASP-186. |
| [21] | "New mutations in keratin 1 that cause bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and keratin 2e that cause ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens." Whittock N.V., Ashton G.H.S., Griffiths W.A.D., Eady R.A.J., McGrath J.A. Br. J. Dermatol. 145:330-335(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IBS LYS-186. |
| [22] | "Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens: its correct diagnosis facilitated by molecular genetic testing." Akiyama M., Tsuji-Abe Y., Yanagihara M., Nakajima K., Kodama H., Yaosaka M., Abe M., Sawamura D., Shimizu H. Br. J. Dermatol. 152:1353-1356(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS IBS PRO-484 AND LYS-487. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| Human Intermediate Filament Mutation Database |
| GeneReviews |
| Wikipedia Keratin-2A entry |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | M99061 mRNA. Translation: AAC83410.1. AF019084 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB81946.1. AC055715 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC055716 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC096294 mRNA. Translation: AAH96294.1. BC099643 mRNA. Translation: AAH99643.1. BC099644 mRNA. Translation: AAH99644.1. |
| IPI | IPI00021304. |
| PIR | A44861. |
| RefSeq | NP_000414.2. NM_000423.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.707. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P35908. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | P35908. 8 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-1208580. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000310861. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P35908. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 239938650. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P35908. |
| PeptideAtlas | P35908. |
| PRIDE | P35908. |
| ProMEX | P35908. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000309680; ENSP00000310861; ENSG00000172867. |
| GeneID | 3849. |
| KEGG | hsa:3849. |
| UCSC | uc001sat.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 3849. |
| GeneCards | GC12M053038. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0036877. |
| HGNC | HGNC:6439. KRT2. |
| HPA | HPA006299. |
| MIM | 146800. phenotype. 600194. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P35908. |
| Orphanet | 455. Superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis. |
| PharmGKB | PA30227. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG146769. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000230976. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG013015. |
| InParanoid | P35908. |
| KO | K07605. |
| OMA | IFQAYIG. |
| OrthoDB | EOG44QT16. |
| PhylomeDB | P35908. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | P35908. |
| CleanEx | HS_KRT2. |
| Genevestigator | P35908. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000172867. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR016044. F. IPR001664. IF. IPR018039. Intermediate_filament_CS. IPR003054. Keratin_II. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR23239. PTHR23239. 1 hit. PTHR23239:SF18. PTHR23239:SF18. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00038. Filament. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR01276. TYPE2KERATIN. |
| PROSITE | PS00226. IF. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 3849. |
| NextBio | 15145. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | K22E_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P35908 Secondary accession number(s): Q4VAQ2 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 12 Human chromosome 12: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
