Skip Header

Contribute Send feedback
Read comments (?) or add your own

P35558 (PCKGC_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified January 25, 2012. Version 132. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (7) | Third-party data text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
to top of pageNames·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]

Short name=PEPCK-C
EC=4.1.1.32
Alternative name(s):
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Gene names
Name:PCK1
Synonyms:PEPCK1
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length622 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle.

Catalytic activity

GTP + oxaloacetate = GDP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2.

Cofactor

Binds 1 manganese ion per subunit. Ref.11

Enzyme regulation

Enzyme activity is enhanced by acetylation. Ref.10

Pathway

Carbohydrate biosynthesis; gluconeogenesis.

Subunit structure

Monomer.

Subcellular location

Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity

Major sites of expression are liver, kidney and adipocytes.

Induction

Regulated by cAMP and insulin. Ref.9 Ref.10

Post-translational modification

Acetylation is increased on addition of glucose and appears to regulate the protein stability.

Involvement in disease

Defects in PCK1 are the cause of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency (C-PEPCKD) [MIM:261680]. A metabolic disorder resulting from impaired gluconeogenesis. It is a rare disease with less than 10 cases reported in the literature. Clinical characteristics include hypotonia, hepatomegaly, failure to thrive, lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia. Autoposy reveals fatty infiltration of both the liver and kidneys. The disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

Miscellaneous

In eukaryotes there are two isozymes: a cytoplasmic one and a mitochondrial one.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] family.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 622622Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]
PRO_0000103627

Regions

Nucleotide binding287 – 2926GTP
Nucleotide binding530 – 5334GTP
Region403 – 4053Substrate binding

Sites

Active site2881
Metal binding2441Manganese
Metal binding2641Manganese
Metal binding3111Manganese
Binding site871Substrate
Binding site2371Substrate; via amide nitrogen
Binding site2441Substrate By similarity
Binding site2861Substrate By similarity
Binding site4051GTP
Binding site4361GTP

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue701N6-acetyllysine Ref.10
Modified residue711N6-acetyllysine Ref.10
Modified residue5941N6-acetyllysine Ref.10

Natural variations

Natural variant551R → Q. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs28383585 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_021072
Natural variant601M → T. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs28383586 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_021073
Natural variant1381T → I. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs28359542 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_021074
Natural variant1841V → L. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.4 Ref.6 Ref.7
Corresponds to variant rs707555 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_021075
Natural variant2671I → V. Ref.3 Ref.7
Corresponds to variant rs8192708 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_015575
Natural variant2761E → K. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs11552145 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_021076
Natural variant3681V → I. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs1804160 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_021077
Natural variant4271P → S. Ref.3
Corresponds to variant rs28359550 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_021078
Natural variant5861E → D. Ref.1
Corresponds to variant rs1042529 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].
VAR_042444

Experimental info

Mutagenesis701K → R: Abolishes acetylation and increases protein stability; when associated with R-71 and R-594. Ref.10
Mutagenesis711K → R: Abolishes acetylation and increases protein stability; when associated with R-70 and R-594. Ref.10
Mutagenesis5941K → R: Abolishes acetylation and increases protein stability; when associated with R-70 and R-71. Ref.10
Sequence conflict2501M → N in AAA02558. Ref.2
Sequence conflict2561K → E in AAA60084. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2911T → S in AAA02558. Ref.2
Sequence conflict551 – 5522KL → NV in AAA60084. Ref.1
Sequence conflict5971E → V in AAA60084. Ref.1

Secondary structure

........................................................................................................................ 622
Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
P35558 [UniParc].

Last modified March 7, 2006. Version 3.
Checksum: 78D309E0845CC181

FASTA62269,195
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MPPQLQNGLN LSAKVVQGSL DSLPQAVREF LENNAELCQP DHIHICDGSE EENGRLLGQM 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
EEEGILRRLK KYDNCWLALT DPRDVARIES KTVIVTQEQR DTVPIPKTGL SQLGRWMSEE 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
DFEKAFNARF PGCMKGRTMY VIPFSMGPLG SPLSKIGIEL TDSPYVVASM RIMTRMGTPV 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
LEAVGDGEFV KCLHSVGCPL PLQKPLVNNW PCNPELTLIA HLPDRREIIS FGSGYGGNSL 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LGKKCFALRM ASRLAKEEGW LAEHMLILGI TNPEGEKKYL AAAFPSACGK TNLAMMNPSL 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
PGWKVECVGD DIAWMKFDAQ GHLRAINPEN GFFGVAPGTS VKTNPNAIKT IQKNTIFTNV 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
AETSDGGVYW EGIDEPLASG VTITSWKNKE WSSEDGEPCA HPNSRFCTPA SQCPIIDAAW 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
ESPEGVPIEG IIFGGRRPAG VPLVYEALSW QHGVFVGAAM RSEATAAAEH KGKIIMHDPF 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
AMRPFFGYNF GKYLAHWLSM AQHPAAKLPK IFHVNWFRKD KEGKFLWPGF GENSRVLEWM 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
FNRIDGKAST KLTPIGYIPK EDALNLKGLG HINMMELFSI SKEFWEKEVE DIEKYLEDQV 

       610        620 
NADLPCEIER EILALKQRIS QM 

« Hide

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"cDNA sequence and localization of polymorphic human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (PCK1) to chromosome 20, band q13.31: PCK1 is not tightly linked to maturity-onset diabetes of the young."
Stoffel M., Xiang K.S., Espinosa R. III, Cox N.J., le Beau M.M., Bell G.I.
Hum. Mol. Genet. 2:1-4(1993) [PubMed: 8490617] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANTS LEU-184 AND ASP-586.
[2]"Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP): characterization of the human PCK1 gene and localization distal to MODY on chromosome 20."
Ting C.-N., Burgess D.L., Chamberlain J.S., Keith T.P., Falls K., Meisler M.H.
Genomics 16:698-706(1993) [PubMed: 8325643] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT LEU-184.
Tissue: Liver.
[3]NIEHS SNPs program
Submitted (OCT-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS GLN-55; THR-60; ILE-138; VAL-267; LYS-276; ILE-368 AND SER-427.
[4]"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. expand/collapse author list , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT LEU-184.
Tissue: Kidney.
[5]"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20."
Deloukas P., Matthews L.H., Ashurst J.L., Burton J., Gilbert J.G.R., Jones M., Stavrides G., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beard L.M., Beare D.M., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E. expand/collapse author list , Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., Buck D., Burrill W.D., Butler A.P., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clamp M., Clark G., Clark L.N., Clark S.Y., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V.E., Collier R.E., Connor R.E., Corby N.R., Coulson A., Coville G.J., Deadman R., Dhami P.D., Dunn M., Ellington A.G., Frankland J.A., Fraser A., French L., Garner P., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths M.N.D., Gwilliam R., Hall R.E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Heath P.D., Ho S., Holden J.L., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Jekosch K., Johnson C.M., Johnson D., Kay M.P., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lehvaeslaiho M.H., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Lovell J.D., Marsh V.L., Martin S.L., McConnachie L.J., McLay K., McMurray A.A., Milne S.A., Mistry D., Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Nickerson T., Oliver K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce T.A.V., Peck A.I., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Prathalingam S.R., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., Sycamore N., Taylor R., Tee L., Thomas D.W., Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A.C., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker P., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Hubbard T., Durbin R.M., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J.
Nature 414:865-871(2001) [PubMed: 11780052] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. expand/collapse author list , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.
Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT LEU-184.
[7]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANTS LEU-184 AND VAL-267.
Tissue: Kidney.
[8]"Structural and functional analysis of the human phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter."
O'Brien R.M., Printz R.L., Halmi N., Tiesinga J.J., Granner D.K.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1264:284-288(1995) [PubMed: 8547315] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-74.
[9]"Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription."
Liu J., Hanson R.W.
Mol. Cell. Biochem. 104:89-100(1991) [PubMed: 1656199] [Abstract]
Cited for: INDUCTION.
[10]"Regulation of cellular metabolism by protein lysine acetylation."
Zhao S., Xu W., Jiang W., Yu W., Lin Y., Zhang T., Yao J., Zhou L., Zeng Y., Li H., Li Y., Shi J., An W., Hancock S.M., He F., Qin L., Chin J., Yang P. expand/collapse author list , Chen X., Lei Q., Xiong Y., Guan K.L.
Science 327:1000-1004(2010) [PubMed: 20167786] [Abstract]
Cited for: ACETYLATION AT LYS-70; LYS-71 AND LYS-594, ENZYME REGULATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-70; LYS-71 AND LYS-594.
[11]"Crystal structure of human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reveals a new GTP-binding site."
Dunten P., Belunis C., Crowther R., Hollfelder K., Kammlott U., Levin W., Michel H., Ramsey G.B., Swain A., Weber D., Wertheimer S.J.
J. Mol. Biol. 316:257-264(2002) [PubMed: 11851336] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.85 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH GTP ANALOG; PEP AND MANGANESE, GTP-BINDING SITE, COFACTOR.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
L05144 mRNA. Translation: AAA60084.1.
L12760 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA02558.1.
AY794987 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAV50001.1.
AK290802 mRNA. Translation: BAF83491.1.
AL035541 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB55863.1.
CH471077 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW75514.1.
BC023978 mRNA. Translation: AAH23978.1.
U31519 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA91026.1.
IPIIPI00292709.
PIRA45746.
RefSeqNP_002582.3. NM_002591.3.
UniGeneHs.1872.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj
EntryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
1KHBX-ray1.85A1-622[»]
1KHEX-ray2.40A1-622[»]
1KHFX-ray2.02A1-622[»]
1KHGX-ray2.34A1-622[»]
1M51X-ray2.25A1-622[»]
1NHXX-ray2.10A1-622[»]
2GMVX-ray2.30A/B1-622[»]
ProteinModelPortalP35558.
SMRP35558. Positions 10-622.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActP35558. 1 interaction.
STRINGP35558.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteP35558.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM93138710.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEP35558.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENST00000319441; ENSP00000319814; ENSG00000124253.
GeneID5105.
KEGGhsa:5105.
NMPDRfig|9606.3.peg.20531.
UCSCuc002xyn.2. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD5105.
GeneCardsGC20P056136.
H-InvDBHIX0015941.
HGNCHGNC:8724. PCK1.
HPACAB017027.
HPA006277.
HPA006507.
MIM261680. phenotype.
614168. gene.
neXtProtNX_P35558.
Orphanet2880. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency.
PharmGKBPA33069.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGprNOG05504.
GeneTreeENSGT00390000001912.
HOGENOMHBG484437.
HOVERGENHBG053651.
InParanoidP35558.
OMACPIIDAA.
OrthoDBEOG47SSD8.
PhylomeDBP35558.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Pathway_Interaction_DBhnf3bpathway. FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks.
ReactomeREACT_111045. Developmental Biology.
REACT_474. Metabolism of carbohydrates.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP35558.
BgeeP35558.
CleanExHS_PCK1.
GenevestigatorP35558.
GermOnlineENSG00000124253. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR018091. PEP_carboxykin_GTP_CS.
IPR013035. PEP_carboxykinase_C.
IPR008209. PEP_carboxykinase_GTP.
IPR008210. PEP_carboxykinase_N.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:3.90.228.20. PEP_carboxykinase_C. 2 hits.
G3DSA:3.40.449.10. PEP_carboxykinase_N. 1 hit.
KOK01596.
PANTHERPTHR11561. PEP_carboxykin. 1 hit.
PfamPF00821. PEPCK. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PIRSFPIRSF001348. PEP_carboxykinase_GTP. 1 hit.
SUPFAMSSF68923. PEP_carboxykinase_N. 1 hit.
PROSITEPS00505. PEPCK_GTP. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other

NextBio19702.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry namePCKGC_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P35558
Secondary accession number(s): A8K437, Q8TCA3, Q9UJD2
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: June 1, 1994
Last sequence update: March 7, 2006
Last modified: January 25, 2012
This is version 132 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 20

Human chromosome 20: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PATHWAY comments

Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families