P34947 (GRK5_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 29, 2013.
Version 132.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 EC=2.7.11.16 Alternative name(s): G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 590 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates preferentially the activated forms of a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Such receptor phosphorylation initiates beta-arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization, internalization, and signaling events leading to their down-regulation. Phosphorylates a variety of GPCRs, including adrenergic receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (more specifically Gi-coupled M2/M4 subtypes), dopamine receptors and opioid receptors. In addition to GPCRs, also phosphorylates various substrates: Hsc70-interacting protein/ST13, TP53/p53, HDAC5, and arrestin-1/ARRB1. Phosphorylation of ARRB1 by GRK5 inhibits G-protein independent MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling downstream of 5HT4-receptors. Phosphorylation of HDAC5, a repressor of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) leading to nuclear export of HDAC5 and allowing MEF2-mediated transcription. Phosphorylation of TP53/p53, a crucial tumor suppressor, inhibits TP53/p53-mediated apoptosis. Phosphorylation of ST13 regulates internalization of the chemokine receptor. Phosphorylates rhodopsin (RHO) (in vitro) and a non G-protein-coupled receptor, LRP6 during Wnt signaling (in vitro). Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + [G-protein-coupled receptor] = ADP + [G-protein-coupled receptor] phosphate. |
| Enzyme regulation | Inhibited by calmodulin with an IC50 of 50 nM. Calmodulin inhibits GRK5 association with receptor and phospholipid. Ref.7 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with ST13 (via the C-terminus 303-319 AA). Interacts with TP53/p53. Interacts with HTR4 (via C-terminus 330-346 AA); this interaction is promoted by 5-HT (serotonin). Interacts with HDAC5 By similarity. Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.15 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note: Predominantly localized at the plasma membrane; targeted to the cell surface through the interaction with phospholipids. Nucleus localization is regulated in a GPCR and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent fashion. Ref.8 Ref.9 |
| Tissue specificity | Highest levels in heart, placenta, lung > skeletal muscle > brain, liver, pancreas > kidney. Ref.1 |
| Induction | |
| Post-translational modification | Autophosphorylated. Autophosphorylation may play a critical role in the regulation of GRK5 kinase activity. Ref.6 Ref.14 |
| Polymorphism | Variant Leu-41 variant is rare in European-Americans individuals but common in African-Americans individuals (40% of the African-American individuals studied carry at least one allele). Variant leu-41 is associated with decreased mortality in African-Americans with heart failure or cardiac ischemia. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily. Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. Contains 1 RGS domain. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 590 | 590 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 | PRO_0000085971 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 53 – 171 | 119 | RGS | ||||||
| Domain | 186 – 448 | 263 | Protein kinase | ||||||
| Domain | 449 – 514 | 66 | AGC-kinase C-terminal | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 192 – 200 | 9 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 1 – 185 | 185 | N-terminal | ||||||
| Region | 20 – 39 | 20 | Interaction with calmodulin | ||||||
| Region | 546 – 565 | 20 | Sufficient for membrane localization | ||||||
| Motif | 388 – 395 | 8 | Nuclear localization signal Ref.9 | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 311 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 215 | 1 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 484 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 485 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.10 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 41 | 1 | Q → L Exerts a protective effect in heart failure and ischemia. Ref.16 Ref.17 Corresponds to variant rs17098707 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040517 | |||||
| Natural variant | 119 | 1 | A → V. Ref.16 Corresponds to variant rs55980792 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040518 | |||||
| Natural variant | 122 | 1 | G → S. Ref.16 Corresponds to variant rs55902633 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040519 | |||||
| Natural variant | 129 | 1 | T → M. Ref.16 Corresponds to variant rs34679178 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040520 | |||||
| Natural variant | 141 | 1 | L → I. Ref.16 Corresponds to variant rs56254855 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040521 | |||||
| Natural variant | 163 | 1 | D → E in a lung neuroendocrine carcinoma sample; somatic mutation. Ref.16 | VAR_040522 | |||||
| Natural variant | 172 | 1 | Q → H. Corresponds to variant rs45630572 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_059766 | |||||
| Natural variant | 304 | 1 | R → H. Ref.16 Corresponds to variant rs2230349 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040523 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 215 | 1 | K → R: Failed to phosphorylate p53/TP53. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 388 | 1 | R → A: Nuclear exclusion; when associated with A-389; A-391; A-393 and A-394. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 389 | 1 | K → A: Nuclear exclusion; when associated with A-388; A-391; A-393 and A-394. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 391 | 1 | K → A: Nuclear exclusion; when associated with A-388; A-389; A-393 and A-394. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 393 | 1 | K → A: Nuclear exclusion; when associated with A-388; A-389; A-391 and A-394. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 394 | 1 | R → A: Nuclear exclusion; when associated with A-388; A-389; A-391 and A-393. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 484 | 1 | S → A: 15-20 fold defects in kinase activity; when associated with A-485. Ref.6 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 485 | 1 | T → A: 15-20 fold defects in kinase activity; when associated with A-484. Ref.6 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 550 | 1 | L → A: No detectable plasma membrane localization; when associated with A-551; A-554; and A-555. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 551 | 1 | L → A: No detectable plasma membrane localization; when associated with A-550; A-554; and A-555. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 554 | 1 | L → A: No detectable plasma membrane localization; when associated with A-550; A-551; and A-555. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 555 | 1 | F → A: No detectable plasma membrane localization; when associated with A-550; A-551; and A-554. Ref.8 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning and expression of GRK5: a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family." Kunapuli P., Benovic J.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:5588-5592(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [2] | "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10." Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., Taylor A., Battles J. Rogers J.Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Prostate. |
| [5] | "Altered expression of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase and beta 1-adrenergic receptors in the failing human heart." Ungerer M., Bohm M., Elce J.S., Erdmann E., Lohse M.J. Circulation 87:454-463(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [6] | "Phospholipid-stimulated autophosphorylation activates the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5." Kunapuli P., Gurevich V.V., Benovic J.L. J. Biol. Chem. 269:10209-10212(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-484 AND THR-485. |
| [7] | "Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases by calmodulin and localization of the calmodulin binding domain." Pronin A.N., Satpaev D.K., Slepak V.Z., Benovic J.L. J. Biol. Chem. 272:18273-18280(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [8] | "A predicted amphipathic helix mediates plasma membrane localization of GRK5." Thiyagarajan M.M., Stracquatanio R.P., Pronin A.N., Evanko D.S., Benovic J.L., Wedegaertner P.B. J. Biol. Chem. 279:17989-17995(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF LEU-550; LEU-551; LEU-554 AND PHE-555. |
| [9] | "G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 contains a DNA-binding nuclear localization sequence." Johnson L.R., Scott M.G., Pitcher J.A. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:10169-10179(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-388; LYS-389; LYS-391; LYS-393 AND ARG-394. |
| [10] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-484 AND THR-485, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [11] | "Beta-arrestin1 phosphorylation by GRK5 regulates G protein-independent 5-HT4 receptor signalling." Barthet G., Carrat G., Cassier E., Barker B., Gaven F., Pillot M., Framery B., Pellissier L.P., Augier J., Kang D.S., Claeysen S., Reiter E., Baneres J.L., Benovic J.L., Marin P., Bockaert J., Dumuis A. EMBO J. 28:2706-2718(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF ARRB1, INTERACTION WITH HTR4. |
| [12] | "G Protein-coupled receptor kinases phosphorylate LRP6 in the Wnt pathway." Chen M., Philipp M., Wang J., Premont R.T., Garrison T.R., Caron M.G., Lefkowitz R.J., Chen W. J. Biol. Chem. 284:35040-35048(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF LRP6. |
| [13] | "G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 phosphorylates p53 and inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis." Chen X., Zhu H., Yuan M., Fu J., Zhou Y., Ma L. J. Biol. Chem. 285:12823-12830(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF TP53, INTERACTION WITH TP53, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-215. |
| [14] | "Role for the regulator of G-protein signaling homology domain of G protein-coupled receptor kinases 5 and 6 in beta 2-adrenergic receptor and rhodopsin phosphorylation." Baameur F., Morgan D.H., Yao H., Tran T.M., Hammitt R.A., Sabui S., McMurray J.S., Lichtarge O., Clark R.B. Mol. Pharmacol. 77:405-415(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF ADRB2, AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION. |
| [15] | "G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 phosphorylation of Hip regulates internalization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4." Barker B.L., Benovic J.L. Biochemistry 50:6933-6941(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF ST13, INTERACTION WITH ST13. |
| [16] | "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. Stratton M.R.Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] LEU-41; VAL-119; SER-122; MET-129; ILE-141; GLU-163 AND HIS-304. |
| [17] | "A GRK5 polymorphism that inhibits beta-adrenergic receptor signaling is protective in heart failure." Liggett S.B., Cresci S., Kelly R.J., Syed F.M., Matkovich S.J., Hahn H.S., Diwan A., Martini J.S., Sparks L., Parekh R.R., Spertus J.A., Koch W.J., Kardia S.L., Dorn G.W. II Nat. Med. 14:510-517(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT LEU-41, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LEU-41, POLYMORPHISM, POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION OF HEART FAILURE. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | L15388 mRNA. Translation: AAA58620.1. AL355273, AL355861, AL583824 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI16487.1. AL355861, AL355273, AL583824 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI15804.1. AL583824, AL355273, AL355861 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI16759.1. CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49394.1. CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49395.1. BC064506 mRNA. Translation: AAH64506.1. |
| IPI | IPI00414058. |
| PIR | A48277. B48682. |
| RefSeq | NP_005299.1. NM_005308.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.524625. Hs.736460. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P34947. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| MINT | MINT-3013589. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000376609. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P34947. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 462203. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P34947. |
| PRIDE | P34947. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 2869. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000392870; ENSP00000376609; ENSG00000198873. |
| GeneID | 2869. |
| KEGG | hsa:2869. |
| UCSC | uc001led.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 2869. |
| GeneCards | GC10P120957. |
| HGNC | HGNC:4544. GRK5. |
| HPA | CAB025579. |
| MIM | 600870. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P34947. |
| PharmGKB | PA180. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0515. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000006742. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG004532. |
| InParanoid | P34947. |
| KO | K08291. |
| OMA | EMMETEC. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4HHP24. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 2.7.11.16. 2681. |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | alphasynuclein_pathway. Alpha-synuclein signaling. |
| Reactome | REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. |
| SignaLink | P34947. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P34947. |
| Bgee | P34947. |
| CleanEx | HS_GRK5. |
| Genevestigator | P34947. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000198873. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000961. AGC-kinase_C. IPR000239. GPCR_kinase. IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR000342. Regulat_G_prot_signal. IPR016137. Regulat_G_prot_signal_superfam. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. PF00615. RGS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00717. GPCRKINASE. |
| SMART | SM00315. RGS. 1 hit. SM00133. S_TK_X. 1 hit. SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. SSF48097. Regulat_G_prot_signal_superfam. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS51285. AGC_KINASE_CTER. 1 hit. PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. False negative. PS50132. RGS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| BindingDB | P34947. |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL5678. |
| ChiTaRS | GRK5. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 2869. |
| NextBio | 11319. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | GRK5_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P34947 Secondary accession number(s): D3DRD0, Q5T059 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| Human chromosome 10 Human chromosome 10: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
