Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P31725 (S10A9_MOUSE)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Protein S100-A9
Alternative name(s):
    S100 calcium-binding protein A9
    Calgranulin-B
    Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14
      Short name=MRP-14
      Short name=P14
    Leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain

Gene names

Name:	S100a9
Synonyms:	Cagb, Mrp14

Organism

Mus musculus (Mouse)

Taxonomic identifier

10090 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	113 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Calcium-binding protein. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi. Important for resistance to invasion by pathogenic bacteria. Promotes tubulin polymerization when unphosphorylated. Promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. Plays a role as pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1 By similarity. Extracellular calprotectin binds to target cells and promotes apoptosis. Antimicrobial and pro-apoptotic activity is inhibited by zinc ions By similarity. Up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. Plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Subcellular location	Secreted By similarity. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein By similarity. Note: Associates with tubulin filaments in activated monocytes. Targeted to the cell surface upon calcium influx. Released from blood leukocytes upon exposure to CSF2/GM-CSF, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and during inflammatory processes By similarity.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation inhibits activation of tubulin polymerization By similarity.
Disruption phenotype	No visible phenotype. Alters response of phagocytes to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ref.5 Ref.7
Miscellaneous	Has been shown to bind calcium.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the S-100 family. Contains 2 EF-hand domains.
Mass spectrometry	Molecular mass is 12972±2 Da from positions 2 - 113. Determined by ESI. Ref.4

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Chemotaxis
Cellular component	Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Membrane Secreted
Domain	Repeat
Ligand	Calcium
Molecular function	Antimicrobial
PTM	Acetylation Methylation Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	actin cytoskeleton reorganization Ref.5 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: MGI leukocyte chemotaxis Ref.5 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: MGI regulation of integrin biosynthetic process Ref.5 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: MGI
Molecular function	calcium ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Initiator methionine	1	1	Removed Ref.4
	Chain	2 – 113	112	Protein S100-A9		PRO_0000143998
Regions
	Domain	13 – 48	36	EF-hand 1
	Domain	55 – 90	36	EF-hand 2
	Calcium binding	24 – 37	14	1; low affinity Potential
	Calcium binding	68 – 79	12	2; high affinity Potential
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	2	1	N-acetylalanine Ref.4
	Modified residue	107	1	Pros-methylhistidine Ref.4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P31725-1 [UniParc]. Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 3. Checksum: F4DCFBD1A181F812	FASTA	113	13,049
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MANKAPSQME RSITTIIDTF HQYSRKEGHP DTLSKKEFRQ MVEAQLATFM KKEKRNEALI 70 80 90 100 110 NDIMEDLDTN QDNQLSFEEC MMLMAKLIFA CHEKLHENNP RGHGHSHGKG CGK

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Mouse MRP8 and MRP14, two intracellular calcium-binding proteins associated with the development of the myeloid lineage." Lagasse E., Weissman I.L. Blood 79:1907-1915(1992) [PubMed: 1373330] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Strain: BALB/c.
[2]	"Molecular analysis of the mouse S100A9 gene and evidence that the myeloid specific transcription factor C/EBPepsilon is not required for the regulation of the S100A9/A8 gene expression in neutrophils." Nacken W.K.F., Lekstrom-Himes J.A., Sorg C., Manitz M. J. Cell. Biochem. 80:606-616(2001) [PubMed: 11169745] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: 129/SvJ.
[3]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. Tissue: Mammary gland.
[4]	"Isolation of the murine S100 protein MRP14 (14 kDa migration-inhibitory-factor-related protein) from activated spleen cells: characterization of post-translational modifications and zinc binding." Raftery M.J., Harrison C.A., Alewood P.F., Jones A., Geczy C.L. Biochem. J. 316:285-293(1996) [PubMed: 8645219] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-10; 76-93 AND 95-109, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[5]	"Loss of S100A9 (MRP14) results in reduced interleukin-8-induced CD11b surface expression, a polarized microfilament system, and diminished responsiveness to chemoattractants in vitro." Manitz M.-P., Horst B., Seeliger S., Strey A., Skryabin B.V., Gunzer M., Frings W., Schoenlau F., Roth J., Sorg C., Nacken W. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:1034-1043(2003) [PubMed: 12529407] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
[6]	"MRP8 and MRP14 control microtubule reorganization during transendothelial migration of phagocytes." Vogl T., Ludwig S., Goebeler M., Strey A., Thorey I.S., Reichelt R., Foell D., Gerke V., Manitz M.P., Nacken W., Werner S., Sorg C., Roth J. Blood 104:4260-4268(2004) [PubMed: 15331440] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH TUBULIN, PHOSPHORYLATION.
[7]	"Mrp8 and Mrp14 are endogenous activators of Toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock." Vogl T., Tenbrock K., Ludwig S., Leukert N., Ehrhardt C., van Zoelen M.A.D., Nacken W., Foell D., van der Poll T., Sorg C., Roth J. Nat. Med. 13:1042-1049(2007) [PubMed: 17767165] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, SUBUNIT, INTERACTION WITH TLR4 AND LY96.
[8]	"Identification of human S100A9 as a novel target for treatment of autoimmune disease via binding to quinoline-3-carboxamides." Bjoerk P., Bjoerk A., Vogl T., Stenstroem M., Liberg D., Olsson A., Roth J., Ivars F., Leanderson T. PLoS Biol. 7:E97-E97(2009) [PubMed: 19402754] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, SUBUNIT, INTERACTION WITH TLR4; LY96 AND AGER, QUINOLINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE BINDING.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	M83219 mRNA. Translation: AAB07228.1. AJ250496 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAC14292.1. BC027635 mRNA. Translation: AAH27635.1.
IPI	IPI00222556.
PIR	S68242.
RefSeq	NP_033140.1.
UniGene	Mm.2128
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	P31725. 4 interactions.
STRING	P31725.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P31725.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P31725.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSMUST00000069960; ENSMUSP00000070842; ENSMUSG00000056071; Mus musculus. [Genome view] ENSMUST00000117167; ENSMUSP00000112843; ENSMUSG00000056071; Mus musculus. [Genome view]
GeneID	20202.
KEGG	mmu:20202.
UCSC	uc008qde.1. mouse.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	20202.
MGI	MGI:1338947. S100a9.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	P31725.
HOVERGEN	P31725.
OMA	VASHEEM
OrthoDB	EOG9TB6WH
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P31725.
Bgee	P31725.
CleanEx	MM_S100A9.
Genevestigator	P31725.
GermOnline	ENSMUSG00000056071. Mus musculus.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR011992. EF-Hand_type. IPR018249. EF_HAND_2. IPR018248. EF_Hand_dom. IPR001751. S100_Ca_bd. IPR013787. S100_Ca_bd_sub. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.238.10. EF-Hand_type. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00036. efhand. 1 hit. PF01023. S_100. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00018. EF_HAND_1. False negative. PS50222. EF_HAND_2. 2 hits. PS00303. S100_CABP. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	297783.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

S10A9_MOUSE

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P31725

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 1, 1993
Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
Last modified:	November 24, 2009
This is version 92 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)