P31645 (SC6A4_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 132.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter Alternative name(s): 5HT transporter Short name=5HTT Solute carrier family 6 member 4 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 630 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner. Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.13 |
| Subunit structure | Monomer or homooligomer By similarity. Interacts with TGFB1I1. Interacts (via sialylated form) with MYH9. Interacts with SEC23A, SEC24C and INADL. Interacts with NOS1; the interaction may diminish the cell surface localization of SERT in the brain and, correspondingly, reduce serotonin reuptake. Interacts with filamentous actin and STX1A By similarity. Interacts (via C-terminus) with VIM. Interacts (via C-terminus) with SCAMP2; the interaction is direct and retains transporter molecules intracellularly. Interacts with RAB4 (GTP-bound form); the interaction retains transporter molecules intracellularly. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.13 |
| Subcellular location | Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endomembrane system; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note: Translocates from intracellular locations to the plasma membrane. Density of transporter molecules on the plasma membrane is itself regulated by serotonin. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.13 |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in platelets (at protein level). Ref.10 |
| Induction | Down-regulated when plasma serotonin is elevated. Ref.12 Ref.13 |
| Post-translational modification | Glycosylated; modification with sialylated N-glycans is a requirement for transporters to associate with each other and to function as homooligomeric forms By similarity. Phosphorylation at Thr-276 increases 5-HT uptake and is required for cGMP-mediated SERT regulation. Phosphorylation upon PKC stimulation modifies the SERT distribution and density in the membrane, and diminishes the uptake capacity. |
| Polymorphism | A polymorphism in the promoter region (5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region, 5-HTTLPR) is located approximately 1 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site and is composed of 16 repeat elements. The polymorphism consists of a 44-bp insertion or deletion involving repeat elements 6 to 8. The short allele is associated with lower transcriptional efficiency of the promoter compared with the long allele. Over half of the Caucasian population has a short allele. Individuals with one or two copies of the short allele exhibit more depressive symptoms, diagnosable depression and suicidality in relation to stressful life events than individuals homozygous for the long allele. The polymorphism Val-425 seems to be linked to a susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) [MIM:164230]. Genetic variations in SLC6A4 determine the genetic susceptibility to alcoholism [MIM:103780]. |
| Miscellaneous | This protein is the target of psychomotor stimulants such as amphetamines or cocaine. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A4 subfamily. [View classification] |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 630 | 630 | Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter | PRO_0000214757 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Topological domain | 1 – 87 | 87 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 88 – 108 | 21 | Helical; Name=1; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 116 – 135 | 20 | Helical; Name=2; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 160 – 180 | 21 | Helical; Name=3; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 181 – 252 | 72 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 253 – 271 | 19 | Helical; Name=4; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 280 – 297 | 18 | Helical; Name=5; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 333 – 350 | 18 | Helical; Name=6; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 362 – 383 | 22 | Helical; Name=7; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 417 – 436 | 20 | Helical; Name=8; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 464 – 482 | 19 | Helical; Name=9; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 498 – 518 | 21 | Helical; Name=10; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 539 – 558 | 20 | Helical; Name=11; Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 577 – 595 | 19 | Helical; Name=12; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 596 – 630 | 35 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Region | 611 – 630 | 20 | Required for serotonin uptake activity | ||||||
| Region | 616 – 624 | 9 | Interaction with RAB4A | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 47 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 142 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 276 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by PKG Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 611 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.13 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 613 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.13 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 616 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.13 | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 208 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 217 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 56 | 1 | G → A. Ref.15 Corresponds to variant rs6355 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_014181 | |||||
| Natural variant | 201 | 1 | K → N. Corresponds to variant rs2228673 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_029158 | |||||
| Natural variant | 425 | 1 | I → L. Corresponds to variant rs28914832 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_036788 | |||||
| Natural variant | 425 | 1 | I → V Polymorphism linked with susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder; increased serotonin transport capacity. Ref.11 Ref.17 Ref.18 | VAR_026751 | |||||
| Natural variant | 465 | 1 | F → L. Corresponds to variant rs28914833 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_036789 | |||||
| Natural variant | 550 | 1 | L → V. Corresponds to variant rs28914834 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_036790 | |||||
| Natural variant | 605 | 1 | K → N. Ref.15 Corresponds to variant rs6352 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_014182 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 611 | 1 | S → A: Loss of 10 % of serotonin uptake activity. Loss of 5 % of serotonin uptake activity; when associated with A-613 and A-616. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 611 | 1 | S → D: Loss of 61 % of serotonin uptake activity. Loss of 95 % of serotonin uptake activity and lack of association between VIM and the plasma membrane; when associated with D-613 and D-616. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 613 | 1 | T → A: Loss of 26 % of serotonin uptake activity. Loss of 5 % of serotonin uptake activity; when associated with A-611 and A-616. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 613 | 1 | T → D: Loss of 26 % of serotonin uptake activity. Loss of 95 % of serotonin uptake activity and lack of association between VIM and the plasma membrane; when associated with D-611 and D-616. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 616 | 1 | T → A: No change. Loss of 5 % of serotonin uptake activity; when associated with A-611 and A-613. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 616 | 1 | T → D: No change. Loss of 95 % of serotonin uptake activity and lack of association between VIM and the plasma membrane; when associated with D-611 and D-613. Ref.13 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human brain serotonin transporter." Lesch K.P., Wolozin B.L., Estler H.C., Murphy D.L., Riederer P. J. Neural Transm. 91:67-73(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [2] | "Antidepressant- and cocaine-sensitive human serotonin transporter: molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization." Ramamoorthy S., Bauman A.L., Moore K.R., Han H., Yang-Feng T., Chang A.S., Ganapathy V., Blakely R.D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:2542-2546(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [3] | "Primary structure of the human platelet serotonin uptake site: identity with the brain serotonin transporter." Lesch K.P., Wolozin B.L., Murphy D.L., Reiderer P. J. Neurochem. 60:2319-2322(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Platelet. |
| [4] | "Molecular characterization and intracellular regulation of the human serotonin transporter in Caco-2 cells." Iceta R., Mesonero J.E., Aramayona J.J., Alcalde A.I. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 57:119-130(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [5] | NIEHS SNPs program Submitted (AUG-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [7] | Bradley C.C., Blakely R.D. Submitted (JUN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-114. Tissue: Placenta. |
| [8] | "Serotonin-, protein kinase C-, and Hic-5-associated redistribution of the platelet serotonin transporter." Carneiro A.M.D., Blakely R.D. J. Biol. Chem. 281:24769-24780(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH TGFB1I1. |
| [9] | "Subcellular redistribution of the serotonin transporter by secretory carrier membrane protein 2." Mueller H.K., Wiborg O., Haase J. J. Biol. Chem. 281:28901-28909(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SCAMP2, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [10] | "Plasma serotonin levels and the platelet serotonin transporter." Brenner B., Harney J.T., Ahmed B.A., Jeffus B.C., Unal R., Mehta J.L., Kilic F. J. Neurochem. 102:206-215(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [11] | "Serotonin transporter phosphorylation by cGMP-dependent protein kinase is altered by a mutation associated with obsessive compulsive disorder." Zhang Y.W., Gesmonde J., Ramamoorthy S., Rudnick G. J. Neurosci. 27:10878-10886(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-276, VARIANT VAL-425. |
| [12] | "Serotonin transamidates Rab4 and facilitates its binding to the C terminus of serotonin transporter." Ahmed B.A., Jeffus B.C., Bukhari S.I., Harney J.T., Unal R., Lupashin V.V., van der Sluijs P., Kilic F. J. Biol. Chem. 283:9388-9398(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH RAB4, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION BY SEROTONIN. |
| [13] | "The cellular distribution of serotonin transporter is impeded on serotonin-altered vimentin network." Ahmed B.A., Bukhari I.A., Jeffus B.C., Harney J.T., Thyparambil S., Ziu E., Fraer M., Rusch N.J., Zimniak P., Lupashin V., Tang D., Kilic F. PLoS ONE 4:E4730-E4730(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH VIM, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION BY SEROTONIN, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-611; THR-613 AND THR-616, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-611; THR-613 AND THR-616. |
| [14] | "Tyrosine phosphorylation of the human serotonin transporter: a role in the transporter stability and function." Annamalai B., Mannangatti P., Arapulisamy O., Shippenberg T.S., Jayanthi L.D., Ramamoorthy S. Mol. Pharmacol. 81:73-85(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-47 AND TYR-142. |
| [15] | "Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes." Cargill M., Altshuler D., Ireland J., Sklar P., Ardlie K., Patil N., Shaw N., Lane C.R., Lim E.P., Kalyanaraman N., Nemesh J., Ziaugra L., Friedland L., Rolfe A., Warrington J., Lipshutz R., Daley G.Q., Lander E.S. Nat. Genet. 22:231-238(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ALA-56 AND ASN-605. |
| [16] | Erratum Cargill M., Altshuler D., Ireland J., Sklar P., Ardlie K., Patil N., Shaw N., Lane C.R., Lim E.P., Kalyanaraman N., Nemesh J., Ziaugra L., Friedland L., Rolfe A., Warrington J., Lipshutz R., Daley G.Q., Lander E.S. Nat. Genet. 23:373-373(1999) |
| [17] | "Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype." Ozaki N., Goldman D., Kaye W.H., Plotnicov K., Greenberg B.D., Lappalainen J., Rudnick G., Murphy D.L. Mol. Psychiatry 8:933-936(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT VAL-425. |
| [18] | "A human serotonin transporter mutation causes constitutive activation of transport activity." Kilic F., Murphy D.L., Rudnick G. Mol. Pharmacol. 64:440-446(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT VAL-425. |
| [19] | "Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene." Caspi A., Sugden K., Moffitt T.E., Taylor A., Craig I.W., Harrington H., McClay J., Mill J., Martin J., Braithwaite A., Poulton R. Science 301:386-389(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: POLYMORPHISM IN THE PROMOTER REGION. |
| [20] | "Meta-analysis of the association of a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with alcohol dependence." Feinn R., Nellissery M., Kranzler H.R. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 133:79-84(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ALCOHOLISM. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| GeneReviews |
| SHMPD The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database |
| Wikipedia Serotonin transporter entry |
| Protein Spotlight Love, love, love...-Issue 123 of November 2010 |
| NIEHS-SNPs |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X70697 mRNA. Translation: CAA50029.1. L05568 mRNA. Translation: AAA35492.1. AY902473 mRNA. Translation: AAW80933.1. EU099989 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABV02581.1. BC069484 mRNA. Translation: AAH69484.1. U79746 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB93475.1. |
| IPI | IPI00790986. |
| PIR | A47398. |
| RefSeq | NP_001036.1. NM_001045.5. |
| UniGene | Hs.134662. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P31645. |
| SMR | P31645. Positions 79-590. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | P31645. 2 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-577123. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000261707. |
Protein family/group databases | |
| TCDB | 2.A.22.1.1. neurotransmitter:sodium symporter (NSS) family. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P31645. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 400630. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P31645. |
| PRIDE | P31645. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000261707; ENSP00000261707; ENSG00000108576. ENST00000401766; ENSP00000385822; ENSG00000108576. |
| GeneID | 6532. |
| KEGG | hsa:6532. |
| UCSC | uc002hey.4. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 6532. |
| GeneCards | GC17M028521. |
| HGNC | HGNC:11050. SLC6A4. |
| MIM | 103780. phenotype. 164230. phenotype. 182138. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P31645. |
| PharmGKB | PA312. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0733. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000116406. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG071421. |
| InParanoid | P31645. |
| KO | K05037. |
| OrthoDB | EOG447FSX. |
| PhylomeDB | P31645. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P31645. |
| Bgee | P31645. |
| CleanEx | HS_HTT. HS_SLC6A4. |
| Genevestigator | P31645. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000108576. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000175. Na/ntran_symport. IPR013086. Na/ntran_symport_serotonin_N. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR11616. PTHR11616. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF03491. 5HT_transporter. 1 hit. PF00209. SNF. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR01203. 5HTTRANSPORT. PR00176. NANEUSMPORT. |
| PROSITE | PS00610. NA_NEUROTRAN_SYMP_1. 1 hit. PS00754. NA_NEUROTRAN_SYMP_2. 1 hit. PS50267. NA_NEUROTRAN_SYMP_3. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| BindingDB | P31645. |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL228. |
| DrugBank | DB04836. Amineptine. DB00321. Amitriptyline. DB00543. Amoxapine. DB00215. Citalopram. DB01242. Clomipramine. DB00907. Cocaine. DB01151. Desipramine. DB01191. Dexfenfluramine. DB00514. Dextromethorphan. DB01142. Doxepin. DB00476. Duloxetine. DB01175. Escitalopram. DB00472. Fluoxetine. DB00176. Fluvoxamine. DB00458. Imipramine. DB00422. Methylphenidate. DB04896. Milnacipran. DB00805. Minaprine. DB01149. Nefazodone. DB00540. Nortriptyline. DB00715. Paroxetine. DB00191. Phentermine. DB00344. Protriptyline. DB01104. Sertraline. DB01105. Sibutramine. DB01079. Tegaserod. DB00193. Tramadol. DB00656. Trazodone. DB00726. Trimipramine. DB00285. Venlafaxine. DB04832. Zimelidine. |
| GenomeRNAi | 6532. |
| NextBio | 25415. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | SC6A4_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P31645 Secondary accession number(s): Q5EE02 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 17 Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
