P31513 (FMO3_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 136.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 EC=1.14.13.8 Alternative name(s): Dimethylaniline oxidase 3 FMO II FMO form 2 Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 Short name=FMO 3 Trimethylamine monooxygenase EC=1.14.13.148 | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 532 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. It N-oxygenates primary aliphatic alkylamines as well as secondary and tertiary amines. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of TMA N-oxide (TMAO). Is also able to perform S-oxidation when acting on sulfide compounds. |
| Catalytic activity | N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O. Ref.9 N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O. Ref.9 |
| Cofactor | FAD. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Liver. |
| Involvement in disease | Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) [MIM:602079]: Inborn error of metabolism associated with an offensive body odor and caused by deficiency of FMO-mediated N-oxidation of amino-trimethylamine (TMA) derived from foodstuffs. Such individuals excrete relatively large amounts of TMA in their urine, sweat, and breath, and exhibit a fishy body odor characteristic of the malodorous free amine. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the FMO family. |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=21 µM for trimethylamine (at pH 8.5) Ref.16 Ref.17 KM=31 µM for trimethylamine (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius) KM=43 µM for benzydamine (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius) KM=55.7 µM for ethylenethiourea (at pH 8.5) KM=71.8 µM for methimazole (at pH 8.5) KM=150.1 µM for sulindac (at pH 8.5) KM=248 µM for methyl p-tolyl sulfide (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius) |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed By similarity | ||||||
| Chain | 2 – 532 | 531 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 | PRO_0000147654 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 9 – 14 | 6 | FAD Potential | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 191 – 196 | 6 | NADP Potential | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 401 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 24 | 1 | E → D Modest increase in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine, methimazole, ethylenethiourea and sulindac. Ref.17 | VAR_042705 | |||||
| Natural variant | 32 | 1 | E → K in TMAU. Ref.15 | VAR_037306 | |||||
| Natural variant | 52 | 1 | A → T in TMAU. Ref.11 | VAR_008146 | |||||
| Natural variant | 61 | 1 | N → K Loss of activity. Ref.17 | VAR_042706 | |||||
| Natural variant | 61 | 1 | N → S in TMAU; more than 90% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine, benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide. Ref.12 Ref.16 | VAR_037307 | |||||
| Natural variant | 66 | 1 | M → I in TMAU; loss of activity; affects FAD binding. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.16 | VAR_002423 | |||||
| Natural variant | 132 | 1 | D → H. Ref.4 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs12072582 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_015364 | |||||
| Natural variant | 153 | 1 | P → L in TMAU; 90% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine and benzydamine; 34% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward methyl p-tolyl sulfide; nearly no effect on affinity for these substrates. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.16 | VAR_002424 | |||||
| Natural variant | 158 | 1 | E → K 35%, 45% and 71% increase in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine, benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide, respectively. Ref.4 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.16 Ref.17 Corresponds to variant rs2266782 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_002425 | |||||
| Natural variant | 198 | 1 | D → E. Ref.14 | VAR_018345 | |||||
| Natural variant | 205 | 1 | R → C. Ref.4 Ref.14 Corresponds to variant rs28363549 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_018346 | |||||
| Natural variant | 257 | 1 | V → M 65% increase in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine and 60% reduction toward benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide. Ref.4 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.13 Ref.16 Ref.17 Corresponds to variant rs1736557 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_002426 | |||||
| Natural variant | 277 | 1 | V → A. Ref.4 Corresponds to variant rs2066530 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_014845 | |||||
| Natural variant | 308 | 1 | E → G 16% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine and 40% increase toward benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide. Ref.4 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.16 Ref.17 Corresponds to variant rs2266780 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_002427 | |||||
| Natural variant | 360 | 1 | L → P. Ref.4 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs28363581 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_015365 | |||||
| Natural variant | 362 | 1 | E → Q. Ref.4 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs2066532 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_014846 | |||||
| Natural variant | 387 | 1 | R → L in TMAU. Ref.11 | VAR_008147 | |||||
| Natural variant | 416 | 1 | K → N 2-fold decrease in affinity for trimethylamine; 3-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency toward methimazole; 3-fold increase in catalytic efficiency toward sulindac; 30% increase in catalytic efficiency toward ethylenethiourea. Ref.17 | VAR_042707 | |||||
| Natural variant | 434 | 1 | M → I in TMAU; profoundly alters enzyme function. Ref.12 | VAR_037308 | |||||
| Natural variant | 492 | 1 | R → W in TMAU; loss of activity; affects FAD binding. Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.16 | VAR_008145 | |||||
| Natural variant | 503 | 1 | G → R. Ref.13 | VAR_015366 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 298 | 1 | S → T in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 369 | 1 | I → L in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 400 – 405 | 6 | PSMEDM → GPFYGKTL in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 410 | 1 | N → I in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 418 – 419 | 2 | KW → ANG in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 444 – 445 | 2 | KP → T in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 449 | 1 | W → M in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 454 | 1 | D → G in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 461 – 462 | 2 | VY → L in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 478 | 1 | Q → S in AAA86284. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 486 | 1 | I → M in CAA87632. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular cloning of the flavin-containing monooxygenase (form II) cDNA from adult human liver." Lomri N., Gu Q., Cashman J.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:1685-1689(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Liver. |
| [2] | "Differential developmental and tissue-specific regulation of expression of the genes encoding three members of the flavin-containing monooxygenase family of man, FMO1, FMO3 and FM04." Dolphin C.T., Cullingford T.E., Shephard E.A., Smith R.L., Phillips I.R. Eur. J. Biochem. 235:683-689(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Liver. |
| [3] | "Structural organization of the human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 gene (FMO3), the favored candidate for fish-odor syndrome, determined directly from genomic DNA." Dolphin C.T., Riley J.H., Smith R.L., Shephard E.A., Phillips I.R. Genomics 46:260-267(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | NIEHS SNPs program Submitted (JAN-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS HIS-132; LYS-158; CYS-205; MET-257; ALA-277; GLY-308; PRO-360 AND GLN-362. |
| [5] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Liver. |
| [6] | "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. Bentley D.R.Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [8] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT MET-257. Tissue: Brain and Lung. |
| [9] | "Mutations of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene (FMO3) cause trimethylaminuria, a defect in detoxication." Treacy E.P., Akerman B.R., Chow L.M.L., Youil R., Bibeau C., Lin J., Bruce A.G., Knight M., Danks D.M., Cashman J.R., Forrest S.M. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:839-845(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, VARIANTS TMAU ILE-66 AND LEU-153, VARIANTS LYS-158; MET-257 AND GLY-308. |
| [10] | "Two novel mutations of the FMO3 gene in a proband with trimethylaminuria." Akerman B.R., Forrest S.M., Chow L.M.L., Youil R., Knight M., Treacy E.P. Hum. Mutat. 13:376-379(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS TMAU ILE-66 AND TRP-492. |
| [11] | "Trimethylaminuria is caused by mutations of the FMO3 gene in a North American cohort." Akerman B.R., Lemass H., Chow L.M.L., Lambert D.M., Greenberg C., Bibeau C., Mamer O.A., Treacy E.P. Mol. Genet. Metab. 68:24-31(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS TMAU THR-52 AND LEU-387, VARIANTS LYS-158 AND GLY-308. |
| [12] | "Compound heterozygosity for missense mutations in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FM03) gene in patients with fish-odour syndrome." Dolphin C.T., Janmohamed A., Smith R.L., Shephard E.A., Phillips I.R. Pharmacogenetics 10:799-807(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS TMAU SER-61; LEU-153; ILE-434 AND TRP-492, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS TMAU SER-61; LEU-153; ILE-434 AND TRP-492. |
| [13] | "Identification of novel variants of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene family in African Americans." Furnes B., Feng J., Sommer S.S., Schlenk D. Drug Metab. Dispos. 31:187-193(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS HIS-132; LYS-158; MET-257; PRO-360; GLN-362 AND ARG-503. |
| [14] | "Two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FMO3 gene in Japanese." Fujieda M., Yamazaki H., Togashi M., Saito T., Kamataki T. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 18:333-335(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS GLU-198 AND CYS-205. |
| [15] | "Deleterious mutations in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) gene causing trimethylaminuria." Zhang J., Tran Q., Lattard V., Cashman J.R. Pharmacogenetics 13:495-500(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT TMAU LYS-32. |
| [16] | "Functional characterization of genetic variants of human FMO3 associated with trimethylaminuria." Yeung C.K., Adman E.T., Rettie A.E. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 464:251-259(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS TMAU SER-61; ILE-66; LEU-153 AND TRP-492, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS LYS-158; MET-257 AND GLY-308. |
| [17] | "Identification and functional analysis of common human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 genetic variants." Koukouritaki S.B., Poch M.T., Henderson M.C., Siddens L.K., Krueger S.K., VanDyke J.E., Williams D.E., Pajewski N.M., Wang T., Hines R.N. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 320:266-273(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ASP-24; LYS-61; LYS-158; MET-257; GLY-308 AND ASN-416, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS ASP-24; LYS-61 AND ASN-416. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | M83772 mRNA. Translation: AAA86284.1. Z47552 mRNA. Translation: CAA87632.1. U39967 U39966 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC51932.1.AY895830 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAW65372.1. AK313197 mRNA. Translation: BAG36013.1. AL021026 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA15908.1. CH471067 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW90887.1. BC032016 mRNA. Translation: AAH32016.1. |
| IPI | IPI00329033. |
| PIR | A38228. S51130. S62367. |
| RefSeq | NP_001002294.1. NM_001002294.2. NP_008825.4. NM_006894.5. |
| UniGene | Hs.445350. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P31513. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000356729. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P31513. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 6166183. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P31513. |
| PRIDE | P31513. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 2328. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000367755; ENSP00000356729; ENSG00000007933. ENST00000392085; ENSP00000375935; ENSG00000007933. |
| GeneID | 2328. |
| KEGG | hsa:2328. |
| UCSC | uc001ghh.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 2328. |
| GeneCards | GC01P171060. |
| HGNC | HGNC:3771. FMO3. |
| HPA | HPA008065. HPA013750. |
| MIM | 136132. gene. 602079. phenotype. |
| neXtProt | NX_P31513. |
| Orphanet | 35056. Trimethylaminuria. |
| PharmGKB | PA166. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG2072. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000076537. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG002037. |
| InParanoid | P31513. |
| KO | K00485. |
| OMA | LTQWDRS. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4HQDJ5. |
| PhylomeDB | P31513. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BioCyc | MetaCyc:HS00223-MONOMER. |
| Reactome | REACT_111217. Metabolism. |
| SABIO-RK | P31513. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P31513. |
| Bgee | P31513. |
| CleanEx | HS_FMO3. |
| Genevestigator | P31513. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000007933. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR012143. DiMe-aniline_mOase. IPR000960. Flavin_mOase. IPR020946. Flavin_mOase-like. IPR002255. Flavin_mOase_3. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00743. FMO-like. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PIRSF | PIRSF000332. FMO. 1 hit. |
| PRINTS | PR00370. FMOXYGENASE. PR01123. FMOXYGENASE3. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 2328. |
| NextBio | 9447. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | FMO3_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P31513 Secondary accession number(s): B2R816, Q14854, Q8N5N5 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 1 Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
