P31414 (AVP1_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump 1
EC=3.6.1.1

Alternative name(s):
Pyrophosphate-energized inorganic pyrophosphatase 1
Short name=H(+)-PPase 1
Vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase 1
Vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase 3

Gene names

Name:	AVP1
Synonyms:	AVP, AVP-3, AVP3
Ordered Locus Names:	At1g15690
ORF Names:	F7H2.3

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	770 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Contributes to the transtonoplast (from cytosol to vacuole lumen) H+-electrochemical potential difference. It establishes a proton gradient of similar and often greater magnitude than the H+-ATPase on the same membrane. In addition, facilitates auxin transport by modulating apoplastic pH and regulates auxin-mediated developmental processes. Confers tolerance to NaCl and to drought by increasing ion retention. Ref.9 Ref.13 Ref.16
Catalytic activity	Diphosphate + H2O = 2 phosphate.
Enzyme regulation	Activated by K+ and Mg2+. Inhibited by Ca2+, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and aminomethylenediphosphonate (AMDP), and, to a lower extent, by fluoride (KF). Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12
Subunit structure	Monomer.
Subcellular location	Vacuole membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note: Mostly vacuolar, tonoplast. Also present in endosomes and plasma membrane. Ref.9 Ref.15 Ref.16
Tissue specificity	Ubiquitous (at protein level). Mostly expressed in vascular tissues, meristems and root pericycle. Ref.2 Ref.16
Developmental stage	Increase of expression in pollen during flower development. Expressed in developing leaves, sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Ref.2 Ref.16
Induction	Repressed by light. Induced by CAMTA1 and/or CAMTA5 in pollen. Ref.2 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (TC 3.A.10) family. K(+)-stimulated subfamily. [View classification]
Biophysicochemical properties	Kinetic parameters: KM=110 µM for PPi (at pH 8 and 37 degrees Celsius) Ref.10 Ref.12 Vmax=0.5 µmol/min/mg enzyme (at pH 8 and 37 degrees Celsius)
Sequence caution	The sequence BAD94555.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. The sequence CAA79039.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 718.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Hydrogen ion transport Ion transport Transport
Cellular component	Cell membrane Endosome Membrane Vacuole
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Ligand	Magnesium
Molecular function	Hydrolase
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	auxin polar transport Inferred from genetic interaction Ref.16. Source: TAIR establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: TAIR leaf development Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR proton transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW response to salt stress Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.13. Source: TAIR response to water deprivation Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.13. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	chloroplast envelope Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR endosome membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.16. Source: TAIR integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW mitochondrion Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR plant-type vacuole membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: TAIR plasma membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.16. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	hydrogen-translocating pyrophosphatase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: TAIR inorganic diphosphatase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 1 isoform produced by alternative splicing. [Select]

Note: A number of isoforms are produced. According to EST sequences.

Isoform 1 (identifier: P31414-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 770	770	Pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump 1		PRO_0000217039
Regions
	Transmembrane	14 – 34	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	101 – 121	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	143 – 163	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	196 – 216	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	328 – 348	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	369 – 389	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	406 – 426	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	485 – 505	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	543 – 563	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	574 – 594	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	646 – 666	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	668 – 688	21	Helical; Potential
	Transmembrane	747 – 767	21	Helical; Potential
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	119	1	E → Q: Slight reduction of PPi hydrolysis and H(+) translocation. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	229	1	E → D: Slight increased PPi hydrolysis and H(+) translocation. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	229	1	E → Q: Slight reduction of PPi hydrolysis and H(+) translocation. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	305	1	E → D: Abolishes H(+) translocation and strong reduction of PPi hydrolysis. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	305	1	E → Q: Abolishes H(+) translocation and strong reduction of PPi hydrolysis, reduced sensitivity to DCCD. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	427	1	E → D: Increases H(+) translocation, normal PPi hydrolysis. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	427	1	E → Q: Strong reduction of PPi hydrolysis and H(+) translocation. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	504	1	D → E: Abolishes H(+) translocation and strong reduction of PPi hydrolysis. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	504	1	D → N: Abolishes H(+) translocation and strong reduction of PPi hydrolysis, reduced sensitivity to DCCD. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	573	1	D → N: Increases H(+) translocation, normal PPi hydrolysis. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	634	1	C → A or S: Reduced sensitivity to NEM. Ref.10
	Mutagenesis	667	1	E → Q: Slight reduction of PPi hydrolysis and H(+) translocation. Ref.11
	Mutagenesis	751	1	E → Q: Slight reduction of PPi hydrolysis and H(+) translocation. Ref.11
	Sequence conflict	8	1	P → L in BAA32210. Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	576	1	T → A in CAA79038. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	584	1	L → P in CAA79038. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	624	1	E → K in AAL57660. Ref.5
	Sequence conflict	685	1	I → T in AAL84953. Ref.5

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified July 1, 1993. Version 1. Checksum: CE7132B42B299860	FASTA	770	80,820
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVAPALLPEL WTEILVPICA VIGIAFSLFQ WYVVSRVKLT SDLGASSSGG ANNGKNGYGD 70 80 90 100 110 120 YLIEEEEGVN DQSVVAKCAE IQTAISEGAT SFLFTEYKYV GVFMIFFAAV IFVFLGSVEG 130 140 150 160 170 180 FSTDNKPCTY DTTRTCKPAL ATAAFSTIAF VLGAVTSVLS GFLGMKIATY ANARTTLEAR 190 200 210 220 230 240 KGVGKAFIVA FRSGAVMGFL LAASGLLVLY ITINVFKIYY GDDWEGLFEA ITGYGLGGSS 250 260 270 280 290 300 MALFGRVGGG IYTKAADVGA DLVGKIERNI PEDDPRNPAV IADNVGDNVG DIAGMGSDLF 310 320 330 340 350 360 GSYAEASCAA LVVASISSFG INHDFTAMCY PLLISSMGIL VCLITTLFAT DFFEIKLVKE 370 380 390 400 410 420 IEPALKNQLI ISTVIMTVGI AIVSWVGLPT SFTIFNFGTQ KVVKNWQLFL CVCVGLWAGL 430 440 450 460 470 480 IIGFVTEYYT SNAYSPVQDV ADSCRTGAAT NVIFGLALGY KSVIIPIFAI AISIFVSFSF 490 500 510 520 530 540 AAMYGVAVAA LGMLSTIATG LAIDAYGPIS DNAGGIAEMA GMSHRIRERT DALDAAGNTT 550 560 570 580 590 600 AAIGKGFAIG SAALVSLALF GAFVSRAGIH TVDVLTPKVI IGLLVGAMLP YWFSAMTMKS 610 620 630 640 650 660 VGSAALKMVE EVRRQFNTIP GLMEGTAKPD YATCVKISTD ASIKEMIPPG CLVMLTPLIV 670 680 690 700 710 720 GFFFGVETLS GVLAGSLVSG VQIAISASNT GGAWDNAKKY IEAGVSEHAK SLGPKGSEPH 730 740 750 760 770 KAAVIGDTIG DPLKDTSGPS LNILIKLMAV ESLVFAPFFA THGGILFKYF

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Molecular cloning and sequence of cDNA encoding the pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump of Arabidopsis thaliana." Sarafian V., Kim Y., Poole R.J., Rea P.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:1775-1779(1992) [PubMed: 1311852] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Pollen-specific regulation of vacuolar H(+)-PPase expression by multiple cis-acting elements." Mitsuda N., Takeyasu K., Sato M.H. Plant Mol. Biol. 46:185-192(2001) [PubMed: 11442058] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. Strain: cv. Columbia. Tissue: Leaf.
[3]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K. , Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D., Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W. Nature 408:816-820(2000) [PubMed: 11130712] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[6]	"An inventory of 1152 expressed sequence tags obtained by partial sequencing of cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana." Hoefte H., Desprez T., Amselem J., Chiapello H., Rouze P., Caboche M., Moisan A., Jourjon M.-F., Charpenteau J.-L., Berthomieu P., Guerrier D., Giraudat J., Quigley F., Thomas F., Yu D.-Y., Mache R., Raynal M., Cooke R. , Grellet F., Delseny M., Parmentier Y., de Marcillac G., Gigot C., Fleck J., Philipps G., Axelos M., Bardet C., Tremousaygue D., Lescure B. Plant J. 4:1051-1061(1993) [PubMed: 8281187] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 554-671 AND 716-770. Strain: cv. Columbia. Tissue: Green siliques.
[7]	"Large-scale analysis of RIKEN Arabidopsis full-length (RAFL) cDNAs." Totoki Y., Seki M., Ishida J., Nakajima M., Enju A., Kamiya A., Narusaka M., Shin-i T., Nakagawa M., Sakamoto N., Oishi K., Kohara Y., Kobayashi M., Toyoda A., Sakaki Y., Sakurai T., Iida K., Akiyama K. , Satou M., Toyoda T., Konagaya A., Carninci P., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y., Shinozaki K. Submitted (MAR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 595-770. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[8]	"Localization of cytosolically oriented maleimide-reactive domain of vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase." Zhen R.-G., Kim E.J., Rea P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 269:23342-23350(1994) [PubMed: 8083239] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 625-640, ENZYME REGULATION.
[9]	"Heterologous expression of plant vacuolar pyrophosphatase in yeast demonstrates sufficiency of the substrate-binding subunit for proton transport." Kim E.J., Zhen R.-G., Rea P.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:6128-6132(1994) [PubMed: 8016125] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, ENZYME REGULATION.
[10]	"Site-directed mutagenesis of vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase. Necessity of Cys634 for inhibition by maleimides but not catalysis." Kim E.J., Zhen R.-G., Rea P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 270:2630-2635(1995) [PubMed: 7852329] [Abstract] Cited for: MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-634, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
[11]	"Acidic residues necessary for pyrophosphate-energized pumping and inhibition of the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide." Zhen R.-G., Kim E.J., Rea P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 272:22340-22348(1997) [PubMed: 9268385] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLU-119; GLU-229; GLU-305; GLU-427; ASP-504; ASP-573; GLU-667 AND GLU-751.
[12]	"AVP2, a sequence-divergent, K(+)-insensitive H(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase from Arabidopsis." Drozdowicz Y.M., Kissinger J.C., Rea P.A. Plant Physiol. 123:353-362(2000) [PubMed: 10806252] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[13]	"Drought- and salt-tolerant plants result from overexpression of the AVP1 H(+)-pump." Gaxiola R.A., Li J., Undurraga S., Dang L.M., Allen G.J., Alper S.L., Fink G.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:11444-11449(2001) [PubMed: 11572991] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[14]	"Arabidopsis CAMTA family proteins enhance V-PPase expression in pollen." Mitsuda N., Isono T., Sato M.H. Plant Cell Physiol. 44:975-981(2003) [PubMed: 14581622] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION.
[15]	"Isolation of intact vacuoles and proteomic analysis of tonoplast from suspension-cultured cells of Arabidopsis thaliana." Shimaoka T., Ohnishi M., Sazuka T., Mitsuhashi N., Hara-Nishimura I., Shimazaki K., Maeshima M., Yokota A., Tomizawa K., Mimura T. Plant Cell Physiol. 45:672-683(2004) [PubMed: 15215502] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[16]	"Arabidopsis H(+)-PPase AVP1 regulates auxin-mediated organ development." Li J., Yang H., Peer W.A., Richter G., Blakeslee J., Bandyopadhyay A., Titapiwantakun B., Undurraga S., Khodakovskaya M., Richards E.L., Krizek B., Murphy A.S., Gilroy S., Gaxiola R. Science 310:121-125(2005) [PubMed: 16210544] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M81892 mRNA. Translation: AAA32754.1. AB015138 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA32210.1. AC034256 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF82139.1. CP002684 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE29349.1. AY065016 mRNA. Translation: AAL57660.1. AY078953 mRNA. Translation: AAL84953.1. BT002481 mRNA. Translation: AAO00841.1. Z17694 mRNA. Translation: CAA79038.1. Z17695 mRNA. Translation: CAA79039.1. Frameshift. AK221989 mRNA. Translation: BAD94555.1. Different initiation.
IPI	IPI00521876.
PIR	A38230.
RefSeq	NP_173021.1. NM_101437.4.
UniGene	At.21942. At.66944. At.67102. At.74973.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	P31414.
Protein family/group databases
TCDB	3.A.10.1.1. H+-translocating pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) family.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P31414.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT1G15690.1; AT1G15690.1; AT1G15690.
GeneID	838138.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT1G15690 in contig CT485782_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT1G15690.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.1875.
Organism-specific databases
GeneFarm	5159. 491.
TAIR	At1g15690.
Phylogenomic databases
InParanoid	P31414.
OMA	MAITSIV.
PhylomeDB	P31414.
ProtClustDB	PLN02255.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	3.6.1.1. 399.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P31414.
Genevestigator	P31414.
GermOnline	AT1G15690. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR004131. PPase-energised_H-pump. [Graphical view]
KO	K01507.
Pfam	PF03030. H_PPase. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF001265. H+-PPase. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01104. V_PPase. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

AVP1_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P31414
Secondary accession number(s): O80390 , Q41919, Q41920, Q56WP6, Q8RY20, Q8VZE3

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 1, 1993
Last sequence update:	July 1, 1993
Last modified:	December 14, 2011
This is version 98 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program