P30536 (TSPOA_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Translocator protein

Alternative name(s):
Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor
PKBS
Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor
Short name=PBR

Gene names

Name:	TSPO
Synonyms:	BZRP, MBR

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	169 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Responsible for the manifestation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine recognition sites and is most likely to comprise binding domains for benzodiazepines and isoquinoline carboxamides. May play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme. Plays a role in the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes in steroidogenic cells By similarity.
Subunit structure	Interacts with BZRAP1 By similarity. May interact with STAR By similarity. Interacts with MOST-1. Ref.9 Ref.11
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Tissue specificity	Found in many tissue types. Expressed at the highest levels under normal conditions in tissues that synthesize steroids. Ref.12
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the TspO/BZRP family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Membrane Mitochondrion
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Molecular function	Receptor
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	adrenal gland development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara aging Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara anion transport Traceable author statement Ref.10. Source: HGNC apoptotic process Traceable author statement Ref.10. Source: HGNC behavioral response to pain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cell proliferation Traceable author statement Ref.10. Source: HGNC cellular hypotonic response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to zinc ion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara contact inhibition Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara glial cell migration Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara heme biosynthetic process Traceable author statement Ref.10. Source: HGNC negative regulation of glial cell proliferation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara peripheral nervous system axon regeneration Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of apoptotic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of calcium ion transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of necrotic cell death Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara protein targeting to mitochondrion Traceable author statement PubMed 1326278. Source: ProtInc regulation of cholesterol transport Traceable author statement Ref.10. Source: HGNC regulation of steroid biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to drug Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to manganese ion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to progesterone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to testosterone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to vitamin B1 Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara steroid biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara steroid metabolic process Traceable author statement Ref.10. Source: HGNC
Cellular_component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW mitochondrial outer membrane Non-traceable author statement PubMed 8307574. Source: ProtInc
Molecular_function	androgen binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara benzodiazepine receptor activity Traceable author statement PubMed 1326278. Source: ProtInc cholesterol binding Traceable author statement Ref.10. Source: HGNC
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: P30536-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: B1AH88-1)

Also known as: PBR-S;

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry B1AH88.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Note: No experimental confirmation available. The relatively low levels of the corresponding mRNA suggest that it might represent errors of the splicing machinery. In addition, isoform 2 is derived from a different reading frame, compared to isoform 1 and lacks homolog support.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 169	169	Translocator protein		PRO_0000190997
Regions
	Transmembrane	6 – 26	21	Helical; Name=1; Potential
	Transmembrane	47 – 67	21	Helical; Name=2; Potential
	Transmembrane	80 – 100	21	Helical; Name=3; Potential
	Transmembrane	106 – 126	21	Helical; Name=4; Potential
	Transmembrane	135 – 155	21	Helical; Name=5; Potential
Natural variations
	Natural variant	147	1	T → A. Ref.1 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.14 Ref.15 Corresponds to variant rs6971 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_013617
	Natural variant	162	1	R → H. Ref.1 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.14 Ref.15 Corresponds to variant rs6972 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_013618
	Natural variant	169	1	E → Q. Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs9333342 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_018868

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 30, 2010. Version 3. Checksum: 6DD741BF99AB89D9	FASTA	169	18,828
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAPPWVPAMG FTLAPSLGCF VGSRFVHGEG LRWYAGLQKP SWHPPHWVLG PVWGTLYSAM 70 80 90 100 110 120 GYGSYLVWKE LGGFTEKAVV PLGLYTGQLA LNWAWPPIFF GARQMGWALV DLLLVSGAAA 130 140 150 160 ATTVAWYQVS PLAARLLYPY LAWLAFTTTL NYCVWRDNHG WRGGRRLPE
	Isoform 2 (PBR-S) [UniParc]. See B1AH88.		–	–

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of a human peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor." Riond J., Mattei M.-G., Kaghad M., Dumont X., Guillemot J.-C., le Fur G., Caput D., Ferrara P. Eur. J. Biochem. 195:305-311(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS ALA-147 AND HIS-162.
[2]	"Comparison of repetitive elements in the third intron of human and rodent mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor-encoding genes." Yakovlev A.G., Ruffo M., Jurka J., Krueger K.E. Gene 155:201-205(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor: characterization in human T-lymphoma Jurkat cells." Costa B., Salvetti A., Rossi L., Spinetti F., Lena A., Chelli B., Rechichi M., Da Pozzo E., Gremigni V., Martini C. Mol. Pharmacol. 69:37-44(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[4]	"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS ALA-147 AND HIS-162.
[5]	"A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome." Collins J.E., Wright C.L., Edwards C.A., Davis M.P., Grinham J.A., Cole C.G., Goward M.E., Aguado B., Mallya M., Mokrab Y., Huckle E.J., Beare D.M., Dunham I. Genome Biol. 5:R84.1-R84.11(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS ALA-147 AND HIS-162.
[6]	NIEHS SNPs program Submitted (SEP-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS ALA-147 AND GLN-169.
[7]	"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22." Dunham I., Hunt A.R., Collins J.E., Bruskiewich R., Beare D.M., Clamp M., Smink L.J., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bridgeman A.M. , Buck D., Burgess J., Burrill W.D., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chen Y., Clark G., Clegg S.M., Cobley V.E., Cole C.G., Collier R.E., Connor R., Conroy D., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., Cox A.V., Davis J., Dawson E., Dhami P.D., Dockree C., Dodsworth S.J., Durbin R.M., Ellington A.G., Evans K.L., Fey J.M., Fleming K., French L., Garner A.A., Gilbert J.G.R., Goward M.E., Grafham D.V., Griffiths M.N.D., Hall C., Hall R.E., Hall-Tamlyn G., Heathcott R.W., Ho S., Holmes S., Hunt S.E., Jones M.C., Kershaw J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C.F., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Martyn I.D., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L.H., Mccann O.T., Mcclay J., Mclaren S., McMurray A.A., Milne S.A., Mortimore B.J., Odell C.N., Pavitt R., Pearce A.V., Pearson D., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S.H., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Ramsey Y., Rogers L., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Skuce C.D., Smalley S., Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Spragon L., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whiteley M.N., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Williamson H., Wilmer T.E., Wilming L., Wright C.L., Hubbard T., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J., Shimizu N., Minoshima S., Kawasaki K., Sasaki T., Asakawa S., Kudoh J., Shintani A., Shibuya K., Yoshizaki Y., Aoki N., Mitsuyama S., Roe B.A., Chen F., Chu L., Crabtree J., Deschamps S., Do A., Do T., Dorman A., Fang F., Fu Y., Hu P., Hua A., Kenton S., Lai H., Lao H.I., Lewis J., Lewis S., Lin S.-P., Loh P., Malaj E., Nguyen T., Pan H., Phan S., Qi S., Qian Y., Ray L., Ren Q., Shaull S., Sloan D., Song L., Wang Q., Wang Y., Wang Z., White J., Willingham D., Wu H., Yao Z., Zhan M., Zhang G., Chissoe S., Murray J., Miller N., Minx P., Fulton R., Johnson D., Bemis G., Bentley D., Bradshaw H., Bourne S., Cordes M., Du Z., Fulton L., Goela D., Graves T., Hawkins J., Hinds K., Kemp K., Latreille P., Layman D., Ozersky P., Rohlfing T., Scheet P., Walker C., Wamsley A., Wohldmann P., Pepin K., Nelson J., Korf I., Bedell J.A., Hillier L.W., Mardis E., Waterston R., Wilson R., Emanuel B.S., Shaikh T., Kurahashi H., Saitta S., Budarf M.L., McDermid H.E., Johnson A., Wong A.C.C., Morrow B.E., Edelmann L., Kim U.J., Shizuya H., Simon M.I., Dumanski J.P., Peyrard M., Kedra D., Seroussi E., Fransson I., Tapia I., Bruder C.E., O'Brien K.P., Wilkinson P., Bodenteich A., Hartman K., Hu X., Khan A.S., Lane L., Tilahun Y., Wright H. Nature 402:489-495(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[8]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Lymph.
[9]	"Cloning and characterization of PRAX-1. A new protein that specifically interacts with the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor." Galiegue S., Jbilo O., Combes T., Bribes E., Carayon P., Le Fur G., Casellas P. J. Biol. Chem. 274:2938-2952(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH BZRAP1. Tissue: Brain.
[10]	"Translocator protein (18kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function." Papadopoulos V., Baraldi M., Guilarte T.R., Knudsen T.B., Lacapere J.-J., Lindemann P., Norenberg M.D., Nutt D., Weizman A., Zhang M.-R., Gavish M. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27:402-409(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NOMENCLATURE.
[11]	"Cellular expression, localization and interactions of the product of the human MOST-1 gene associated with breast and prostate cancers." Tan J.M.M., Chow V.T.K. Int. J. Oncol. 30:81-89(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MOST-1.
[12]	"Regulation of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) expression in health and disease states." Batarseh A., Papadopoulos V. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 327:1-12(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[13]	"Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[14]	"An association study between two missense variations of the benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) gene and schizophrenia in a Japanese sample." Kurumaji A., Nomoto H., Yoshikawa T., Okubo Y., Toru M. J. Neural Transm. 107:491-500(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ALA-147 AND HIS-162.
[15]	"No association of two missense variations of the benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) gene and mood disorders in a Japanese sample." Kurumaji A., Nomoto H., Yamada K., Yoshikawa T., Toru M. Am. J. Med. Genet. 105:172-175(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ALA-147 AND HIS-162.

Web resources

NIEHS-SNPs

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M36035 mRNA. Translation: AAA03652.1. U12421 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA83252.1. AY998017 mRNA. Translation: AAY45787.1. BT006949 mRNA. Translation: AAP35595.1. CR456409 mRNA. Translation: CAG30295.1. AY383615 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ75703.1. Z82214 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB55884.1. BC001110 mRNA. Translation: AAH01110.1.
IPI	IPI00026850.
PIR	I38724. JE0149. S14257.
RefSeq	NP_000705.2. NM_000714.5. NP_001243459.1. NM_001256530.1. NP_001243460.1. NM_001256531.1.
UniGene	Hs.202.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P30536.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
TCDB	9.C.6.1.1. mitochondrial outer membrane insertion pathway (MOM-IP) family.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	464399.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P30536.
PRIDE	P30536.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	706.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000329563; ENSP00000328973; ENSG00000100300. ENST00000337554; ENSP00000338004; ENSG00000100300.
GeneID	706.
KEGG	hsa:706.
UCSC	uc003bdn.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	706.
GeneCards	GC22P043547.
HGNC	HGNC:1158. TSPO.
HPA	CAB011232.
MIM	109610. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P30536.
PharmGKB	PA25473.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG3476.
HOGENOM	HOG000224659.
InParanoid	P30536.
KO	K05770.
OMA	ARQMGWA.
OrthoDB	EOG4HMJBC.
PhylomeDB	P30536.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P30536.
Bgee	P30536.
CleanEx	HS_TSPO.
Genevestigator	P30536.
GermOnline	ENSG00000100300. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR004307. TspO_MBR. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR10057. PTHR10057. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF03073. TspO_MBR. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF005859. PBR. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
BindingDB	P30536.
ChEMBL	CHEMBL5742.
ChiTaRS	TSPO. human.
DrugBank	DB00546. Adinazolam. DB00404. Alprazolam. DB01178. Chlormezanone. DB01594. Cinolazepam. DB01068. Clonazepam. DB00628. Clorazepate. DB01559. Clotiazepam. DB00829. Diazepam. DB00822. Disulfiram. DB01215. Estazolam. DB00402. Eszopiclone. DB01544. Flunitrazepam. DB00801. Halazepam. DB00186. Lorazepam. DB00231. Temazepam. DB00897. Triazolam. DB00962. Zaleplon. DB00425. Zolpidem. DB01198. Zopiclone.
GenomeRNAi	706.
NextBio	2874.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TSPOA_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P30536
Secondary accession number(s): Q53Y59, Q6ICF9, Q96TF6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 1, 1993
Last sequence update:	November 30, 2010
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 117 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.