Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P30046 (DOPD_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    D-dopachrome decarboxylase
    EC=4.1.1.84
Alternative name(s):
    D-dopachrome tautomerase
    Phenylpyruvate tautomerase II

Gene names

Name:

DDT

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	118 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Tautomerization of D-dopachrome with decarboxylation to give 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI).
Catalytic activity	D-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO2.
Subunit structure	Homotrimer. Ref.12
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the MIF family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Melanin biosynthesis
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Molecular function	Lyase
PTM	Acetylation
Technical term	3D-structure Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	D-dopachrome decarboxylase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC dopachrome isomerase activity Ref.2 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
DSTYK	Q6XUX3	1	EBI-1052258,EBI-1049520

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Initiator methionine

1

1

Removed Ref.9 Ref.10

Chain

2 – 118

117

D-dopachrome decarboxylase

PRO_0000158070

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

2

1

N-acetylproline By similarity

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

3

1

F → G AA sequence Ref.9

Secondary structure

1

.

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.

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.

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118

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

3 – 10

8

Helix

12 – 14

3

Helix

19 – 31

13

Helix

35 – 37

3

Beta strand

39 – 43

5

Beta strand

47 – 50

4

Beta strand

58 – 68

11

Helix

71 – 89

19

Helix

93 – 95

3

Beta strand

96 – 103

8

Helix

105 – 107

3

Beta strand

108 – 110

3

Helix

115 – 117

3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P30046-1 [UniParc]. Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 3. Checksum: 12FEF51908F342B7	FASTA	118	12,712
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPFLELDTNL PANRVPAGLE KRLCAAAASI LGKPADRVNV TVRPGLAMAL SGSTEPCAQL 70 80 90 100 110 SISSIGVVGT AEDNRSHSAH FFEFLTKELA LGQDRILIRF FPLESWQIGK IGTVMTFL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	Thelin S., Panagopoulos I., Lassen C., Rosengren E., Aman P., Rorsman H. Submitted (FEB-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Placenta.
[2]	"Molecular cloning of human D-dopachrome tautomerase cDNA: N-terminal proline is essential for enzyme activation." Nishihira J., Fujinaga M., Kuriyama T., Suzuki M., Sugimoto H., Nakagawa A., Tanaka I., Sakai M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243:538-544(1998) [PubMed: 9480844] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[3]	Rorsman H. Submitted (MAY-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"Conserved gene structure and genomic linkage for D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) and MIF." Esumi N., Budarf M., Ciccarelli L., Sellinger B., Kozak C.A., Wistow G. Mamm. Genome 9:753-757(1998) [PubMed: 9716662] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	Board P.G., Coggan M.A. Submitted (APR-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome." Collins J.E., Wright C.L., Edwards C.A., Davis M.P., Grinham J.A., Cole C.G., Goward M.E., Aguado B., Mallya M., Mokrab Y., Huckle E.J., Beare D.M., Dunham I. Genome Biol. 5:RESEARCH84.1-RESEARCH84.11(2004) [PubMed: 15461802] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[7]	"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22." Dunham I., Hunt A.R., Collins J.E., Bruskiewich R., Beare D.M., Clamp M., Smink L.J., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bridgeman A.M. , Buck D., Burgess J., Burrill W.D., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chen Y., Clark G., Clegg S.M., Cobley V.E., Cole C.G., Collier R.E., Connor R., Conroy D., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., Cox A.V., Davis J., Dawson E., Dhami P.D., Dockree C., Dodsworth S.J., Durbin R.M., Ellington A.G., Evans K.L., Fey J.M., Fleming K., French L., Garner A.A., Gilbert J.G.R., Goward M.E., Grafham D.V., Griffiths M.N.D., Hall C., Hall R.E., Hall-Tamlyn G., Heathcott R.W., Ho S., Holmes S., Hunt S.E., Jones M.C., Kershaw J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C.F., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Martyn I.D., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L.H., Mccann O.T., Mcclay J., Mclaren S., McMurray A.A., Milne S.A., Mortimore B.J., Odell C.N., Pavitt R., Pearce A.V., Pearson D., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S.H., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Ramsey Y., Rogers L., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Skuce C.D., Smalley S., Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Spragon L., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whiteley M.N., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Williamson H., Wilmer T.E., Wilming L., Wright C.L., Hubbard T., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J., Shimizu N., Minoshima S., Kawasaki K., Sasaki T., Asakawa S., Kudoh J., Shintani A., Shibuya K., Yoshizaki Y., Aoki N., Mitsuyama S., Roe B.A., Chen F., Chu L., Crabtree J., Deschamps S., Do A., Do T., Dorman A., Fang F., Fu Y., Hu P., Hua A., Kenton S., Lai H., Lao H.I., Lewis J., Lewis S., Lin S.-P., Loh P., Malaj E., Nguyen T., Pan H., Phan S., Qi S., Qian Y., Ray L., Ren Q., Shaull S., Sloan D., Song L., Wang Q., Wang Y., Wang Z., White J., Willingham D., Wu H., Yao Z., Zhan M., Zhang G., Chissoe S., Murray J., Miller N., Minx P., Fulton R., Johnson D., Bemis G., Bentley D., Bradshaw H., Bourne S., Cordes M., Du Z., Fulton L., Goela D., Graves T., Hawkins J., Hinds K., Kemp K., Latreille P., Layman D., Ozersky P., Rohlfing T., Scheet P., Walker C., Wamsley A., Wohldmann P., Pepin K., Nelson J., Korf I., Bedell J.A., Hillier L.W., Mardis E., Waterston R., Wilson R., Emanuel B.S., Shaikh T., Kurahashi H., Saitta S., Budarf M.L., McDermid H.E., Johnson A., Wong A.C.C., Morrow B.E., Edelmann L., Kim U.J., Shizuya H., Simon M.I., Dumanski J.P., Peyrard M., Kedra D., Seroussi E., Fransson I., Tapia I., Bruder C.E., O'Brien K.P., Wilkinson P., Bodenteich A., Hartman K., Hu X., Khan A.S., Lane L., Tilahun Y., Wright H. Nature 402:489-495(1999) [PubMed: 10591208] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[8]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain and Pancreas.
[9]	"Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides." Gevaert K., Goethals M., Martens L., Van Damme J., Staes A., Thomas G.R., Vandekerckhove J. Nat. Biotechnol. 21:566-569(2003) [PubMed: 12665801] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-22. Tissue: Platelet.
[10]	"Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison." Hochstrasser D.F., Frutiger S., Paquet N., Bairoch A., Ravier F., Pasquali C., Sanchez J.-C., Tissot J.-D., Bjellqvist B., Vargas R., Appel R.D., Hughes G.J. Electrophoresis 13:992-1001(1992) [PubMed: 1286669] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-12. Tissue: Liver.
[11]	Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[12]	"Crystal structure of human D-dopachrome tautomerase, a homologue of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, at 1.54-A resolution." Sugimoto H., Taniguchi M., Nakagawa A., Tanaka I., Suzuki M., Nishihira J. Biochemistry 38:3268-3279(1999) [PubMed: 10079069] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.54 ANGSTROMS), SUBUNIT.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBLGenBankDDBJ

U49785 mRNA. Translation: AAB48546.1.
U84143 mRNA. Translation: AAB41503.1.
Y11151 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA72037.1.
AF012434, AF012432, AF012433 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC77468.1.
AF058293 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC13717.1.
CR456431 mRNA. Translation: CAG30317.1.
Z84718 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
BC005971 mRNA. Translation: AAH05971.1.
BC015508 mRNA. Translation: AAH15508.1.

IPI

IPI00293867.

PIR

G02438.
JE0162.

RefSeq

NP_001077861.1.
NP_001346.1.

UniGene

Hs.656723

3D structure databases

PDBPDBe

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1DPT	X-ray	1.54	A/B/C	2-118	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

P30046. 5 interactions.

2-D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGE

P30046.

Proteomic databases

PeptideAtlas

P30046.

PRIDE

P30046.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENSG00000099977. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]

GeneID

1652.

KEGG

hsa:1652.

Organism-specific databases

GeneCards

GC22M022638.

H-InvDB

HIX0016303.
HIX0027870.

HGNC

HGNC:2732. DDT.

MIM

602750. gene.

PharmGKB

PA27197.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOM

P30046.

HOVERGEN

P30046.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA

4.1.1.84. 247.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P30046.

Bgee

P30046.

CleanEx

HS_DDT.

GermOnline

ENSG00000099977. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR001398. Macrophage_inhib_fac.
IPR019829. Macrophage_inhib_fac_CS.
IPR014347. Tautomerase.
[Graphical view]

Gene3D

G3DSA:3.30.429.10. Tautomerase. 1 hit.

PANTHER

PTHR11954. MIF. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF01187. MIF. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProDom

PD004816. MIF. 1 hit.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]

PROSITE

PS01158. MIF. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other Resources

NextBio

6800.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

DOPD_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P30046
Secondary accession number(s): O00774, O60787, Q13534

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 1, 1993
Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 95 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)