Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P29279 (CTGF_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Connective tissue growth factor
Alternative name(s):
    Hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific protein 24

Gene names

Name:	CTGF
Synonyms:	CCN2, HCS24, IGFBP8

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	349 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Major connective tissue mitoattractant secreted by vascular endothelial cells. Promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Mediates heparin- and divalent cation-dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis. Ref.12
Subunit structure	Monomer.
Subcellular location	Secreted › extracellular space › extracellular matrix By similarity. Secreted By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the CCN family. Contains 1 CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) domain. Contains 1 IGFBP N-terminal domain. Contains 1 TSP type-1 domain. Contains 1 VWFC domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell adhesion DNA synthesis
Cellular component	Extracellular matrix Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Ligand	Heparin-binding
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	DNA replication Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW epidermis development Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc regulation of cell growth Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro response to wounding Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Cellular component	extracellular space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell plasma membrane Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc proteinaceous extracellular matrix Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Molecular function	heparin binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW insulin-like growth factor binding Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: P29279-1)

Also known as: Long;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: P29279-2)

Also known as: Short;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     172-198: Missing.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 26	26	Potential
	Chain	27 – 349	323	Connective tissue growth factor		PRO_0000014402
Regions
	Domain	27 – 98	72	IGFBP N-terminal
	Domain	101 – 167	67	VWFC
	Domain	198 – 243	46	TSP type-1
	Domain	256 – 330	75	CTCK
	Region	247 – 349	103	Heparin-binding
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	28	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	225	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Disulfide bond	256 ↔ 293		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	273 ↔ 307		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	284 ↔ 323		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	287 ↔ 325		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	292 ↔ 329		By similarity
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	172 – 198	27	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_002460
	Natural variant	83	1	H → D: dbSNP rs7451102. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.11		VAR_027925

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 (Long) [UniParc]. Last modified October 17, 2006. Version 2. Checksum: 62CF878C7F57EC1F	FASTA	349	38,091
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MTAASMGPVR VAFVVLLALC SRPAVGQNCS GPCRCPDEPA PRCPAGVSLV LDGCGCCRVC 70 80 90 100 110 120 AKQLGELCTE RDPCDPHKGL FCHFGSPANR KIGVCTAKDG APCIFGGTVY RSGESFQSSC 130 140 150 160 170 180 KYQCTCLDGA VGCMPLCSMD VRLPSPDCPF PRRVKLPGKC CEEWVCDEPK DQTVVGPALA 190 200 210 220 230 240 AYRLEDTFGP DPTMIRANCL VQTTEWSACS KTCGMGISTR VTNDNASCRL EKQSRLCMVR 250 260 270 280 290 300 PCEADLEENI KKGKKCIRTP KISKPIKFEL SGCTSMKTYR AKFCGVCTDG RCCTPHRTTT 310 320 330 340 LPVEFKCPDG EVMKKNMMFI KTCACHYNCP GDNDIFESLY YRKMYGDMA
	Isoform 2 (Short). Checksum: 372DBF768AA2B2D0	FASTA	322	35,205
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MTAASMGPVR VAFVVLLALC SRPAVGQNCS GPCRCPDEPA PRCPAGVSLV LDGCGCCRVC 70 80 90 100 110 120 AKQLGELCTE RDPCDPHKGL FCHFGSPANR KIGVCTAKDG APCIFGGTVY RSGESFQSSC 130 140 150 160 170 180 KYQCTCLDGA VGCMPLCSMD VRLPSPDCPF PRRVKLPGKC CEEWVCDEPK DCLVQTTEWS 190 200 210 220 230 240 ACSKTCGMGI STRVTNDNAS CRLEKQSRLC MVRPCEADLE ENIKKGKKCI RTPKISKPIK 250 260 270 280 290 300 FELSGCTSMK TYRAKFCGVC TDGRCCTPHR TTTLPVEFKC PDGEVMKKNM MFIKTCACHY 310 320 NCPGDNDIFE SLYYRKMYGD MA

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Connective tissue growth factor: a cysteine-rich mitogen secreted by human vascular endothelial cells is related to the SRC-induced immediate early gene product CEF-10." Bradham D.M., Igarashi A., Potter R.L., Grotendorst G.R. J. Cell Biol. 114:1285-1294(1991) [PubMed: 1654338] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT ASP-83. Tissue: Umbilical vein endothelial cell.
[2]	"Connective tissue growth factor." Igarashi A., Bradham D.M., Okochi H., Grotendorst G.R. J. Dermatol. 19:642-643(1992) [PubMed: 1293144] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT ASP-83. Tissue: Umbilical vein endothelial cell.
[3]	"Human connective tissue growth factor is expressed in advanced atherosclerotic lesions." Oemar B.S., Werner A., Garnier J.-M., Do D.D., Godoy N., Nauck M., Marz W., Rupp J., Pech M., Luescher T.F. Circulation 95:831-839(1997) [PubMed: 9054739] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT ASP-83. Tissue: Aorta.
[4]	"Expression, purification and bio-activity of human connective tissue growth factor." Li Q.-H., Wang L.-C., Liu L.-D., Dong S.-Z., Wang J.-J., Hu F., Wang J., He S.-Q., Dong C.-H., Zhao S.-D., Zhao H.-L. Submitted (SEP-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ASP-83.
[5]	"Complete mRNA sequence of human connective tissue growth factor." Dai W.-J., Jiang H.-C., Fu S.-B. Submitted (FEB-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ASP-83. Tissue: Liver.
[6]	"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (OCT-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ASP-83.
[7]	"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Halleck A., Ebert L., Mkoundinya M., Schick M., Eisenstein S., Neubert P., Kstrang K., Schatten R., Shen B., Henze S., Mar W., Korn B., Zuo D., Hu Y., LaBaer J. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ASP-83.
[8]	"The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6." Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Andrews T.D. , Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Banerjee R., Barker D.J., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beare D.M., Beasley H., Beasley O., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bray-Allen S., Brook J., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clark G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Collins J.E., Colman L.K., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., Culley K.M., Dhami P., Davies J., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.E., Evans K.A., Faulkner L., Francis M.D., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Ghori M.J., Gilby L.M., Gillson C.J., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Grant M., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Griffiths M.N.D., Hall R., Halls K.S., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A., Heath P.D., Heathcott R., Holmes S.J., Howden P.J., Howe K.L., Howell G.R., Huckle E., Humphray S.J., Humphries M.D., Hunt A.R., Johnson C.M., Joy A.A., Kay M., Keenan S.J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Leversha M., Lloyd C.R., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Maslen G.L., Matthews L., McCann O.T., McLaren S.J., McLay K., McMurray A., Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Niblett D., Nickerson T., Novik K.L., Oliver K., Overton-Larty E.K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S., Plumb R.W., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., Ranby S.A., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Searle S.M., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Skuce C.D., Smith S., Smith M., Spraggon L., Squares S.L., Steward C.A., Sycamore N., Tamlyn-Hall G., Tester J., Theaker A.J., Thomas D.W., Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M., West A.P., White S.S., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker H., Wild A., Willey D.J., Wilmer T.E., Wood J.M., Wray P.W., Wyatt J.C., Young L., Younger R.M., Bentley D.R., Coulson A., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Dunham I., Rogers J., Beck S. Nature 425:805-811(2003) [PubMed: 14574404] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[9]	"Differential expression of novH and CTGF in human glioma cell lines." Xin L.W., Martinerie C., Zumkeller W., Westphal M., Perbal B. Clin. Mol. Pathol. 49:91-97(1996) Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-20. Tissue: Placenta.
[10]	"Identification of human CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor) promoter polymorphisms." Blom I.E., van Dijk A.J., de Weger R.A., Tilanus M.G.J., Goldschmeding R. J. Clin. Pathol. 54:192-196(2001) Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-20.
[11]	"Connective tissue growth factor mRNA is expressed in human keratinocytes as an immediate early gene that responds to serum, EGF, or wounding." Cody C.W., Walker N.J., Greenlee W.F., Sutter T.R. Submitted (SEP-1994) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 75-349, VARIANT ASP-83.
[12]	"Effects of CTGF/Hcs24, a product of a hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene, on the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in culture." Nakanishi T., Nishida T., Shimo T., Kobayashi K., Kubo T., Tamatani T., Tezuka K., Takigawa M. Endocrinology 141:264-273(2000) [PubMed: 10614647] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Tissue: Chondrocyte.
[13]	"The heparin-binding 10 kDa fragment of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) containing module 4 alone stimulates cell adhesion." Ball D.K., Rachfal A.W., Kemper S.A., Brigstock D.R. J. Endocrinol. 176:R1-R7(2003) [PubMed: 12553878] [Abstract] Cited for: HEPARIN-BINDING, CELL ADHESION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	M92934 mRNA. Translation: AAA91279.1. X78947 mRNA. Translation: CAA55544.1. AY395801 mRNA. Translation: AAQ95223.1. AY550024 mRNA. Translation: AAS55639.1. BT019794 mRNA. Translation: AAV38597.1. BT019795 mRNA. Translation: AAV38598.1. CR541759 mRNA. Translation: CAG46559.1. AL354866 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAC44023.1. X92511 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA63267.1. AF316366 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK60505.1. AF316367 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK60506.1. AF316368 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK60507.1. U14750 mRNA. Translation: AAA75378.1.
IPI	IPI00020977. IPI00220647.
PIR	A40551.
UniGene	Hs.591346
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P29279.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000118523. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards	GC06M132311.
H-InvDB	HIX0006222.
HGNC	HGNC:2500. CTGF.
HPA	CAB005123.
MIM	121009. gene.
Orphanet	801. Scleroderma. 90291. Scleroderma, systemic.
PharmGKB	PA27003.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	P29279.
HOVERGEN	P29279.
OMA	P29279. KNMMFIK.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Pathway_Interaction_DB	amb2_neutrophils_pathway. amb2 Integrin signaling. tgfbrpathway. TGF-beta receptor signaling.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P29279.
Bgee	P29279.
CleanEx	HS_CTGF.
GermOnline	ENSG00000118523. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR006208. Cys_knot. IPR006207. Cys_knot_C. IPR000867. IGFBP-like. IPR012395. IGFBP_CNN. IPR017891. Insulin_growth_fac-bd_prot_N. IPR000884. Thrombospondin_1_rpt. IPR001007. VWF_C. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00007. Cys_knot. 1 hit. PF00219. IGFBP. 1 hit. PF00090. TSP_1. 1 hit. PF00093. VWC. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF036495. IGFBP_rP_CNN. 1 hit.
SMART	SM00041. CT. 1 hit. SM00121. IB. 1 hit. SM00209. TSP1. 1 hit. SM00214. VWC. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS01185. CTCK_1. 1 hit. PS01225. CTCK_2. 1 hit. PS00222. IGFBP_N_1. 1 hit. PS51323. IGFBP_N_2. 1 hit. PS50092. TSP1. 1 hit. PS01208. VWFC_1. 1 hit. PS50184. VWFC_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CTGF_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P29279
Secondary accession number(s): Q6LCY0, Q96A79, Q96QX2

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	December 1, 1992
Last sequence update:	October 17, 2006
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 94 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)