Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P28343 (THS1_VITVI)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Stilbene synthase 1
    EC=2.3.1.95
Alternative name(s):
    Resveratrol synthase 1
    Trihydroxystilbene synthase 1
      Short name=StSy 1
    Vitis stilbene synthase 1
    PSV25

Gene names

Name:	VINST1
Synonyms:	STS2, VST1
ORF Names:	GSVIVT00009226001, VITISV_035301

Organism

Vitis vinifera (Grape)

Taxonomic identifier

29760 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › Vitales › Vitaceae › Vitis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	392 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Mediates resistance to pathogens which are sensitive to stilbenes such as Botrytis cinerea, Eutypa lata and Plasmopora viticola by enhancing the production of phytoalexins. Confers resistance to Phytophthora palmivora when expressed in papaya. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10
Catalytic activity	3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene + 4 CO2.
Pathway	Phytoalexin biosynthesis; 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene biosynthesis; 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene from 4-coumaric acid: step 2/2.
Subunit structure	Homodimer By similarity.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm.
Tissue specificity	In leaves, expressed in palisade and spongy parenchyma cells and, to a lesser extent, in epidermal cells after induction. Ref.7
Induction	By stress, including UV light, ozone and pathogens such as B.cinerea. Strongly induced by ergosterol, a non-specific fungal elicitor. Positively regulated by jasmonate (JA) and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). Induction by phytopathogen attack decreases with grape berry ripening. Ref.8 Ref.7 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17
Biotechnological use	Driven by a stress-inducible promoter, stilbene synthase is used to improve resistance to pathogens which are sensitive to stilbenes such as B.cinerea, P.palmivora, E.lata or P.viticola. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.16 Expression in heterologous systems (e.g. S.cerevisiae and Populus alba) is used to produce resveratrol for human food and medication. Resveratrol, a product of the chemical reaction catalized by stilbene synthase, exhibits several clinical benefits for human diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases and has positive effects on longevity. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.16
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the chalcone/stilbene synthases family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Plant defense Stress response
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Molecular function	Acyltransferase Transferase
Technical term	Genetically modified food
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro defense response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	acyltransferase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW trihydroxystilbene synthase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 392	392	Stilbene synthase 1		PRO_0000216082
Regions
	Region	55 – 58	4	Substrate binding By similarity
	Region	305 – 307	3	Substrate binding By similarity
Sites
	Active site	164	1	By similarity
	Binding site	267	1	Substrate; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	387 – 389	3	VPT → IPM in S63227. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	387 – 389	3	VPT → IPM in ABC84860. Ref.4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P28343-1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1996. Version 2. Checksum: 0C2E8C2553792431	FASTA	392	42,840
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MASVEEFRNA QRAKGPATIL AIGTATPDHC VYQSDYADYY FRVTKSEHMT ELKKKFNRIC 70 80 90 100 110 120 DKSMIKKRYI HLTEEMLEEH PNIGAYMAPS LNIRQEIITA EVPRLGRDAA LKALKEWGQP 130 140 150 160 170 180 KSKITHLVFC TTSGVEMPGA DYKLANLLGL ETSVRRVMLY HQGCYAGGTV LRTAKDLAEN 190 200 210 220 230 240 NAGARVLVVC SEITVVTFRG PSEDALDSLV GQALFGDGSS AVIVGSDPDV SIERPLFQLV 250 260 270 280 290 300 SAAQTFIPNS AGAIAGNLRE VGLTFHLWPN VPTLISENIE KCLTQAFDPL GISDWNSLFW 310 320 330 340 350 360 IAHPGGPAIL DAVEAKLNLE KKKLEATRHV LSEYGNMSSA CVLFILDEMR KKSLKGEKAT 370 380 390 TGEGLDWGVL FGFGPGLTIE TVVLHSVPTV TN

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Grapevine stilbene synthase cDNA only slightly differing from chalcone synthase cDNA is expressed in Escherichia coli into a catalytically active enzyme." Melchior F., Kindl H. FEBS Lett. 268:17-20(1990) [PubMed: 2200709] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Strain: cv. Optima.
[2]	"Coordinate- and elicitor-dependent expression of stilbene synthase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes in Vitis cv. Optima." Melchior F., Kindl H. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 288:552-557(1991) [PubMed: 1898048] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Strain: cv. Optima.
[3]	"Kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa) transformed with a Vitis stilbene synthase gene produce piceid (resveratrol-glucoside)." Kobayashi S., Ding C., Nakamura Y., Nakajima I., Matsumoto R. Plant Cell Rep. 19:904-910(2000) Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Optima.
[4]	Zhang Y., Yu O. Submitted (JAN-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[5]	"The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla." Jaillon O., Aury J.-M., Noel B., Policriti A., Clepet C., Casagrande A., Choisne N., Aubourg S., Vitulo N., Jubin C., Vezzi A., Legeai F., Hugueney P., Dasilva C., Horner D., Mica E., Jublot D., Poulain J. , Bruyere C., Billault A., Segurens B., Gouyvenoux M., Ugarte E., Cattonaro F., Anthouard V., Vico V., Del Fabbro C., Alaux M., Di Gaspero G., Dumas V., Felice N., Paillard S., Juman I., Moroldo M., Scalabrin S., Canaguier A., Le Clainche I., Malacrida G., Durand E., Pesole G., Laucou V., Chatelet P., Merdinoglu D., Delledonne M., Pezzotti M., Lecharny A., Scarpelli C., Artiguenave F., Pe M.E., Valle G., Morgante M., Caboche M., Adam-Blondon A.-F., Weissenbach J., Quetier F., Wincker P. Nature 449:463-467(2007) [PubMed: 17721507] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Pinot noir / PN40024.
[6]	"A high quality draft consensus sequence of the genome of a heterozygous grapevine variety." Velasco R., Zharkikh A., Troggio M., Cartwright D.A., Cestaro A., Pruss D., Pindo M., FitzGerald L.M., Vezzulli S., Reid J., Malacarne G., Iliev D., Coppola G., Wardell B., Micheletti D., Macalma T., Facci M., Mitchell J.T. , Perazzolli M., Eldredge G., Gatto P., Oyzerski R., Moretto M., Gutin N., Stefanini M., Chen Y., Segala C., Davenport C., Dematte L., Mraz A., Battilana J., Stormo K., Costa F., Tao Q., Si-Ammour A., Harkins T., Lackey A., Perbost C., Taillon B., Stella A., Solovyev V., Fawcett J.A., Sterck L., Vandepoele K., Grando S.M., Toppo S., Moser C., Lanchbury J., Bogden R., Skolnick M., Sgaramella V., Bhatnagar S.K., Fontana P., Gutin A., Van de Peer Y., Salamini F., Viola R. PLoS ONE 2:E1326-E1326(2007) Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Pinot noir.
[7]	"An ozone-responsive region of the grapevine resveratrol synthase promoter differs from the basal pathogen-responsive sequence." Schubert R., Fischer R., Hain R., Schreier P.H., Bahnweg G., Ernst D., Sandermann H. Jr. Plant Mol. Biol. 34:417-426(1997) [PubMed: 9225853] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY OZONE AND PATHOGENS, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]	"In vitro tolerance to Botrytis cinerea of grapevine 41B rootstock in transgenic plants expressing the stilbene synthase Vst1 gene under the control of a pathogen-inducible PR 10 promoter." Coutos-Thevenot P., Poinssot B., Bonomelli A., Yean H., Breda C., Buffard D., Esnault R., Hain R., Boulay M. J. Exp. Bot. 52:901-910(2001) [PubMed: 11432907] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, BIOTECHNOLOGY, INDUCTION BY PHYTOPATHOGEN AND ABIOTIC STRESS.
[9]	"Nucleic acid comprising the sequence of a promoter unductible by stress and a gene sequence coding for a stilbene synthase." Coutos-Thevenot P., Hain R., Schreier P.-H., Boulay M., Esnault R. Patent number US6800794, 05-OCT-2004 Cited for: FUNCTION, BIOTECHNOLOGY.
[10]	"Expression of the grapevine stilbene synthase gene VST1 in papaya provides increased resistance against diseases caused by Phytophthora palmivora." Zhu Y.J., Agbayani R., Jackson M.C., Tang C.S., Moore P.H. Planta 220:241-250(2004) [PubMed: 15309535] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, BIOTECHNOLOGY.
[11]	"Expression of the stilbene synthase (StSy) gene from grapevine in transgenic white poplar results in high accumulation of the antioxidant resveratrol glucosides." Giorcelli A., Sparvoli F., Mattivi F., Tava A., Balestrazzi A., Vrhovsek U., Calligari P., Bollini R., Confalonieri M. Transgenic Res. 13:203-214(2004) [PubMed: 15359598] [Abstract] Cited for: BIOTECHNOLOGY.
[12]	"Jasmonates and Na-orthovanadate promote resveratrol production in Vitis vinifera cv. Barbera cell cultures." Tassoni A., Fornale S., Franceschetti M., Musiani F., Michael A.J., Perry B., Bagni N. New Phytol. 166:895-905(2005) [PubMed: 15869650] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, INDUCTION BY JA.
[13]	"Antioxidant metabolite profiles in tomato fruit constitutively expressing the grapevine stilbene synthase gene." Giovinazzo G., D'Amico L., Paradiso A., Bollini R., Sparvoli F., DeGara L. Plant Biotechnol. J. 3:57-69(2005) [PubMed: 17168899] [Abstract] Cited for: BIOTECHNOLOGY.
[14]	"Methyl jasmonate induces defense responses in grapevine and triggers protection against Erysiphe necator." Belhadj A., Saigne C., Telef N., Cluzet S., Bouscaut J., Corio-Costet M.-F., Merillon J.-M. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:9119-9125(2006) [PubMed: 17117799] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY JA.
[15]	"Transgenic peas (Pisum sativum) expressing polygalacturonase inhibiting protein from raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and stilbene synthase from grape (Vitis vinifera)." Richter A., de Kathen A., de Lorenzo G., Briviba K., Hain R., Ramsay G., Jacobsen H.-J., Kiesecker H. Plant Cell Rep. 25:1166-1173(2006) [PubMed: 16802117] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY UV LIGHT.
[16]	"Production of resveratrol in recombinant microorganisms." Beekwilder J., Wolswinkel R., Jonker H., Hall R., de Vos C.H.R., Bovy A. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:5670-5672(2006) [PubMed: 16885328] [Abstract] Cited for: BIOTECHNOLOGY.
[17]	"Molecular basis of ergosterol-induced protection of grape against botrytis cinerea: induction of type I LTP promoter activity, WRKY, and stilbene synthase gene expression." Laquitaine L., Gomes E., Francois J., Marchive C., Pascal S., Hamdi S., Atanassova R., Delrot S., Coutos-Thevenot P. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 19:1103-1112(2006) [PubMed: 17022174] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY ERGOSTEROL.
[18]	"Chemoprevention by resveratrol: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential." Shankar S., Singh G., Srivastava R.K. Front. Biosci. 12:4839-4854(2007) [PubMed: 17569614] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	S63225 mRNA. No translation available. S63227 mRNA. No translation available. AB046375 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB20980.1. DQ366302 mRNA. Translation: ABC84860.1. CU459442 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAO15528.1. AM426171 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAN60215.1.
PIR	S11044.
RefSeq	XP_002263962.1.
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1CGZ based on UniProtKB P30074.
SMR	P28343. Positions 3-387.
ModBase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	100256566.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	2.3.1.95. 81671.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR012328. Chal_sti_synt_C. IPR018088. Chalcone/stilbene_synthase_AS. IPR001099. Chalcone/stilbene_synthase_N. IPR011141. Polyketide_synthase_type-III. IPR016038. Thiolase-like_subgr. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.40.47.10. Thiolase-like_subgr. 2 hits.
Pfam	PF02797. Chal_sti_synt_C. 1 hit. PF00195. Chal_sti_synt_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF000451. PKS_III. 1 hit.
ProDom	PD000453. N-C_synthase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
PROSITE	PS00441. CHALCONE_SYNTH. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

THS1_VITVI

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P28343
Secondary accession number(s): A5AGH1, Q2HY09, Q54AD0

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	December 1, 1992
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1996
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 68 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

PPAP (Plant Proteome Annotation Project)