P28065 (PSB9_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 29, 2013.
Version 152.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Proteasome subunit beta type-9 EC=3.4.25.1 Alternative name(s): Low molecular mass protein 2 Macropain chain 7 Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex chain 7 Proteasome chain 7 Proteasome subunit beta-1i Really interesting new gene 12 protein | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 219 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit is involved in antigen processing to generate class I binding peptides. Replacement of PSMB6 by PSMB9 increases the capacity of the immunoproteasome to cleave model peptides after hydrophobic and basic residues. Ref.11 |
| Catalytic activity | Cleavage of peptide bonds with very broad specificity. |
| Subunit structure | The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits. The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits. The catalytic chamber with the active sites is on the inside of the barrel. This subunit is part of the immunoproteasome where it displaces the equivalent houskeeping subunit PSMB6. Interacts with HIV-1 TAT protein. Ref.12 Ref.16 Ref.19 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Developmental stage | Highly expressed in immature dendritic cells (at protein level). Ref.15 |
| Induction | Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated by IRF1. Up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (at protein level). Up-regulated by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in glial cells. Up-regulated in Crohn's bowel disease (CD). Up-regulated by heat shock treatment. Up-regulated by CD40L via the NFKB1 pathway in cancer cells. Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.22 |
| Post-translational modification | Autocleaved. The resulting N-terminal Thr residue of the mature subunit is responsible for the nucleophile proteolytic activity. |
| Miscellaneous | Encoded in the MHC class II region. A model for self-activation in which residue Thr-21 serves as nucleophile and Lys-53 as proton donor/acceptor has been proposed. Subunit processing of mammalian beta-subunits proceeds via a novel ordered two-step mechanism involving autocatalysis. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the peptidase T1B family. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSMB7 | Q99436 | 5 | EBI-603300,EBI-603319 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform LMP2.L (identifier: P28065-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform LMP2.S (identifier: P28065-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 4-13: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propeptide | 1 – 20 | 20 | Removed in mature form | PRO_0000026619 | |||||
| Chain | 21 – 219 | 199 | Proteasome subunit beta type-9 | PRO_0000026620 | |||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 21 | 1 | Nucleophile | ||||||
| Site | 20 – 21 | 2 | Cleavage; by autocatalysis | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 53 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.23 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 109 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.23 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 4 – 13 | 10 | Missing in isoform LMP2.S. | VSP_005288 | |||||
| Natural variant | 9 | 1 | G → E. Corresponds to variant rs35100697 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_051551 | |||||
| Natural variant | 32 | 1 | V → I. Corresponds to variant rs241419 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_051552 | |||||
| Natural variant | 60 | 1 | R → H. Ref.3 Ref.25 Corresponds to variant rs17587 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_013578 | |||||
| Natural variant | 173 | 1 | R → C. Corresponds to variant rs17213861 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_051553 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 20 | 1 | G → A: Impairs correct processing at the consensus site. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 21 | 1 | T → A: Impairs correct processing at the consensus site. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 53 | 1 | K → A: Impairs correct processing at the consensus site. Ref.12 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "The major histocompatibility complex-encoded proteasome component LMP7: alternative first exons and post-translational processing." Glynne R., Kerr L.A., Mockridge I., Beck S., Kelly A., Trowsdale J. Eur. J. Immunol. 23:860-866(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [2] | "DNA sequence analysis of 66 kb of the human MHC class II region encoding a cluster of genes for antigen processing." Beck S., Kelly A., Radley E., Khurshid F., Alderton R.P., Trowsdale J. J. Mol. Biol. 228:433-441(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Second proteasome-related gene in the human MHC class II region." Kelly A., Powis S.H., Glynne R., Radley E., Beck S., Trowsdale J. Nature 353:667-668(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LMP2.L), VARIANT HIS-60. |
| [4] | "Alternative exon usage and processing of the major histocompatibility complex-encoded proteasome subunits." Fruh K., Yang Y., Arnold D., Chambers J., Wu L., Waters J.B., Spies T., Peterson P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 267:22131-22140(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | "Evolutionary dynamics of non-coding sequences within the class II region of the human MHC." Beck S., Abdulla S., Alderton R.P., Glynne R.J., Gut I.G., Hosking L.K., Jackson A., Kelly A., Newell W.R., Sanseau P., Radley E., Thorpe K.L., Trowsdale J. J. Mol. Biol. 255:1-13(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "Major histocompatibility-encoded human proteasome LMP2. Genomic organization and a new form of mRNA." Singal D.P., Ye M., Quadri S.A. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1966-1970(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] (ISOFORMS LMP2.S AND LMP2.L). |
| [7] | "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM LMP2.L). |
| [8] | "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6." Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Andrews T.D. Beck S.Nature 425:805-811(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [9] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [10] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM LMP2.L). Tissue: Pancreas. |
| [11] | "Replacement of proteasome subunits X and Y by LMP7 and LMP2 induced by interferon-gamma for acquirement of the functional diversity responsible for antigen processing." Akiyama K., Kagawa S., Tamura T., Shimbara N., Takashina M., Kristensen P., Hendil K.B., Tanaka K., Ichihara A. FEBS Lett. 343:85-88(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [12] | "Analysis of mammalian 20S proteasome biogenesis: the maturation of beta-subunits is an ordered two-step mechanism involving autocatalysis." Schmidtke G., Kraft R., Kostka S., Henklein P., Froemmel C., Loewe J., Huber R., Kloetzel P.-M., Schmidt M. EMBO J. 15:6887-6898(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-20; THR-21 AND LYS-53, SELF ACTIVATION OF BETA-SUBUNITS MODEL. |
| [13] | "Proteasome subunits X and Y alter peptidase activities in opposite ways to the interferon-gamma-induced subunits LMP2 and LMP7." Gaczynska M., Goldberg A.L., Tanaka K., Hendil K.B., Rock K.L. J. Biol. Chem. 271:17275-17280(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [14] | "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces coordinated changes in major histocompatibility class I presentation pathway, resulting in increased stability of class I complexes at the cell surface." Hallermalm K., Seki K., Wei C., Castelli C., Rivoltini L., Kiessling R., Levitskaya J. Blood 98:1108-1115(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY TNF AND IFNG. |
| [15] | "Bipartite regulation of different components of the MHC class I antigen-processing machinery during dendritic cell maturation." Li J., Schuler-Thurner B., Schuler G., Huber C., Seliger B. Int. Immunol. 13:1515-1523(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [16] | "Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein interacts with distinct proteasomal alpha and beta subunits." Apcher G.S., Heink S., Zantopf D., Kloetzel P.-M., Schmid H.-P., Mayer R.J., Krueger E. FEBS Lett. 553:200-204(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH HIV-1 TAT. |
| [17] | "Potential effects of tetrodotoxin exposure to human glial cells postulated using microarray approach." Raghavendra Prasad H.S., Qi Z., Srinivasan K.N., Gopalakrishnakone P. Toxicon 44:597-608(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY TETRODOTOXIN. |
| [18] | "IRF-1 mediates upregulation of LMP7 by IFN-gamma and concerted expression of immunosubunits of the proteasome." Namiki S., Nakamura T., Oshima S., Yamazaki M., Sekine Y., Tsuchiya K., Okamoto R., Kanai T., Watanabe M. FEBS Lett. 579:2781-2787(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY IFNG AND IRF1. |
| [19] | "The catalytic subunit of the proteasome is engaged in the entire process of estrogen receptor-regulated transcription." Zhang H., Sun L., Liang J., Yu W., Zhang Y., Wang Y., Chen Y., Li R., Sun X., Shang Y. EMBO J. 25:4223-4233(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NCOA1; NCOA2 AND NCOA3. |
| [20] | "Heat shock up-regulates lmp2 and lmp7 and enhances presentation of immunoproteasome-dependent epitopes." Callahan M.K., Wohlfert E.A., Menoret A., Srivastava P.K. J. Immunol. 177:8393-8399(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY HEAT SHOCK. |
| [21] | "Genome-wide gene expression differences in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis from endoscopic pinch biopsies: insights into distinctive pathogenesis." Wu F., Dassopoulos T., Cope L., Maitra A., Brant S.R., Harris M.L., Bayless T.M., Parmigiani G., Chakravarti S. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 13:807-821(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [22] | "CD40 induces antigen transporter and immunoproteasome gene expression in carcinomas via the coordinated action of NF-kappaB and of NF-kappaB-mediated de novo synthesis of IRF-1." Moschonas A., Kouraki M., Knox P.G., Thymiakou E., Kardassis D., Eliopoulos A.G. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28:6208-6222(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION BY CD40L. |
| [23] | "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions." Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.C., Olsen J.V., Mann M. Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-53 AND LYS-109, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [24] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [25] | "Complex association analysis of Graves disease using a set of polymorphic markers." Chistyakov D.A., Savost'anov K.V., Turakulov R.I., Petunina N.A., Trukhina L.V., Kudinova A.V., Balabolkin M.I., Nosikov V.V. Mol. Genet. Metab. 70:214-218(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HIS-60. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X66401 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA47024.1. X62741 mRNA. Translation: CAA44603.1. Z14977 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA78700.1. X87344 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA60784.1. U01025 mRNA. Translation: AAC50154.1. S75169 mRNA. Translation: AAC60646.1. CR541656 mRNA. Translation: CAG46457.1. AL669918 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI18141.1. AL935043 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI18627.1. BX088556 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAM26264.1. BX927138 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAQ08450.1. CR762476 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAQ08497.1. CR933844 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAQ08907.1. CR753889 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAQ10289.1. CH471081 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAX03654.1. BC065513 mRNA. Translation: AAH65513.1. |
| IPI | IPI00000787. IPI00170899. |
| PIR | A55632. S27332. |
| RefSeq | NP_002791.1. NM_002800.4. |
| UniGene | Hs.654585. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P28065. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | P28065. 7 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-2802096. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000396813. |
Protein family/group databases | |
| MEROPS | T01.013. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P28065. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 417529. |
2D gel databases | |
| OGP | P28065. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P28065. |
| PRIDE | P28065. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 5698. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000374859; ENSP00000363993; ENSG00000240065. ENST00000383114; ENSP00000372595; ENSG00000240118. ENST00000383234; ENSP00000372721; ENSG00000243594. ENST00000422729; ENSP00000407233; ENSG00000243067. ENST00000427870; ENSP00000412027; ENSG00000242711. ENST00000434471; ENSP00000393744; ENSG00000243958. ENST00000444284; ENSP00000396813; ENSG00000239836. ENST00000453059; ENSP00000407810; ENSG00000240508. |
| GeneID | 5698. |
| KEGG | hsa:5698. |
| UCSC | uc003sga.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 5698. |
| GeneCards | GC06P032815. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0166929. HIX0207611. HIX0207787. |
| HGNC | HGNC:9546. PSMB9. |
| HPA | CAB015180. |
| MIM | 177045. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P28065. |
| PharmGKB | PA33891. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0638. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000091079. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG000123. |
| InParanoid | P28065. |
| KO | K02741. |
| OMA | CRRFTTN. |
| PhylomeDB | P28065. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_111217. Metabolism. REACT_115566. Cell Cycle. REACT_116125. Disease. REACT_13505. Proteasome mediated degradation of PAK-2p34. REACT_21257. Metabolism of RNA. REACT_21300. Mitotic M-M/G1 phases. REACT_383. DNA Replication. REACT_578. Apoptosis. REACT_6850. Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A. REACT_6900. Immune System. REACT_71. Gene Expression. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P28065. |
| Bgee | P28065. |
| CleanEx | HS_PSMB9. |
| Genevestigator | P28065. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000204261. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000243. Pept_T1A_subB. IPR016050. Proteasome_bsu_CS. IPR001353. Proteasome_sua/b. IPR023333. Proteasome_suB-type. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00227. Proteasome. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00141. PROTEASOME. |
| PROSITE | PS00854. PROTEASOME_B_1. 1 hit. PS51476. PROTEASOME_B_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1944495. |
| GenomeRNAi | 5698. |
| NextBio | 22136. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | PSB9_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P28065 Secondary accession number(s): B0V0T1, Q16523, Q5JNW4 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Peptidase families Classification of peptidase families and list of entries |
| Human chromosome 6 Human chromosome 6: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
