Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P27708 (PYR1_HUMAN)
Last modified
February 9, 2010.
Version 122.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: CAD protein Including the following 3 domains: 1- Recommended name: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase EC=6.3.5.5 2- Recommended name: Aspartate carbamoyltransferase EC=2.1.3.2 3- Recommended name: Dihydroorotase EC=3.5.2.3 | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 2225 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | This protein is a "fusion" protein encoding four enzymatic activities of the pyrimidine pathway (GATase, CPSase, ATCase and DHOase). |
| Catalytic activity | 2 ATP + L-glutamine + HCO3- + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate. Carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = phosphate + N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. |
| Cofactor | Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit (for dihydroorotase activity) Potential. |
| Enzyme regulation | Allosterically regulated and controlled by phosphorylation. 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate is an activator while UMP is an inhibitor of the CPSase reaction. |
| Pathway | |
| Subunit structure | Homohexamer. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Miscellaneous | GATase (glutamine amidotransferase) and CPSase (carbamoyl phosphate synthase) form together the glutamine-dependent CPSase (GD-CPSase) (EC 6.3.5.5). |
| Sequence similarities | In the central section; belongs to the DHOase family. Contains 2 ATP-grasp domains. Contains 1 glutamine amidotransferase type-1 domain. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed Ref.3 | ||||||
| Chain | 2 – 2225 | 2224 | CAD protein | PRO_0000199506 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 177 – 363 | 187 | Glutamine amidotransferase type-1 | ||||||
| Domain | 519 – 711 | 193 | ATP-grasp 1 | ||||||
| Domain | 1052 – 1243 | 192 | ATP-grasp 2 | ||||||
| Region | 2 – 365 | 364 | GATase (Glutamine amidotransferase) | ||||||
| Region | 366 – 394 | 29 | Linker | ||||||
| Region | 395 – 1455 | 1061 | CPSase (Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase) | ||||||
| Region | 395 – 933 | 539 | CPSase A | ||||||
| Region | 934 – 1455 | 522 | CPSase B | ||||||
| Region | 1456 – 1788 | 333 | DHOase (dihydroorotase) | ||||||
| Region | 1789 – 1917 | 129 | Linker | ||||||
| Region | 1918 – 2225 | 308 | ATCase (Aspartate transcarbamylase) | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 252 | 1 | For GATase activity By similarity | ||||||
| Active site | 336 | 1 | For GATase activity By similarity | ||||||
| Active site | 338 | 1 | For GATase activity By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 1471 | 1 | Zinc Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 1473 | 1 | Zinc Potential | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 2 | 1 | N-acetylalanine Ref.3 Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 747 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1037 | 1 | Phosphothreonine | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1038 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.8 Ref.13 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1411 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1423 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.7 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1823 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.5 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1859 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.8 Ref.13 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1884 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.8 Ref.9 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 177 | 1 | R → Q in a colorectal cancer sample; somatic mutation. Ref.15 | VAR_035897 | |||||
| Natural variant | 735 | 1 | Y → C in a colorectal cancer sample; somatic mutation. Ref.15 | VAR_035898 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 505 | 1 | P → T in BAA11423. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 535 | 1 | A → G in BAA11423. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 560 | 1 | L → V in BAA11423. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1103 | 1 | T → A in BAA11423. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1513 | 1 | A → G in BAA11423. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1676 | 1 | N → D in BAA11423. Ref.1 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular cloning of a human cDNA encoding a trifunctional enzyme of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase in de Novo pyrimidine synthesis." Iwahana H., Fujimura M., Ii S., Kondo M., Moritani M., Takahashi Y., Yamaoka T., Yoshimoto K., Itakura M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 219:249-255(1996) [PubMed: 8619816] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Fetal lung fibroblast. |
| [2] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Eye. |
| [3] | Bienvenut W.V., Dhillon A.S., Matallanas D., Murray L., Brunton V.G., Cooper W.N., Boldt K., von Kriegsheim A.F., Kolch W., Frame M.C. Submitted (FEB-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-13; 157-165; 169-177; 359-371; 501-516; 548-555; 599-606; 697-719; 761-778; 843-854; 932-944; 1034-1048; 1067-1075; 1110-1127; 1229-1240; 1263-1270; 1313-1323; 1326-1333; 1658-1667; 1723-1731; 1840-1848; 1976-1986; 2025-2036; 2103-2110; 2179-2187 AND 2215-2225, CLEAVAGE OF INITIATOR METHIONINE, ACETYLATION AT ALA-2, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Colon adenocarcinoma and Hepatoma. |
| [4] | "Organization and nucleotide sequence of the 3' end of the human CAD gene." Davidson J.N., Rao G.N., Niswander L., Andreano C., Tamer C., Chen K.C. DNA Cell Biol. 9:667-676(1990) [PubMed: 1979741] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1752-2225. |
| [5] | "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed: 17081983] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1823 AND SER-1859, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Epithelium. |
| [6] | "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization." Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Gerber S.A., Rush J., Gygi S.P. Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006) [PubMed: 16964243] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1859, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Epithelium. |
| [7] | "Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column." Imami K., Sugiyama N., Kyono Y., Tomita M., Ishihama Y. Anal. Sci. 24:161-166(2008) [PubMed: 18187866] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1423, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [8] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed: 18691976] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1038; SER-1859 AND THR-1884, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [9] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1859 AND THR-1884, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [10] | Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [11] | "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach." Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S. Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed: 19413330] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ALA-2, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [12] | "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome." Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G., Mann M., Daub H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009) [PubMed: 19369195] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-1037 AND SER-1859, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [13] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed: 19690332] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1038 AND SER-1859, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: T-cell. |
| [14] | "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions." Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T., Olsen J.V., Mann M. Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed: 19608861] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-747 AND LYS-1411, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [15] | "The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers." Sjoeblom T., Jones S., Wood L.D., Parsons D.W., Lin J., Barber T.D., Mandelker D., Leary R.J., Ptak J., Silliman N., Szabo S., Buckhaults P., Farrell C., Meeh P., Markowitz S.D., Willis J., Dawson D., Willson J.K.V. Velculescu V.E.Science 314:268-274(2006) [PubMed: 16959974] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] GLN-177 AND CYS-735. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | D78586 mRNA. Translation: BAA11423.1. BC065510 mRNA. Translation: AAH65510.1. M38561 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51907.1. |
| IPI | IPI00301263. |
| PIR | A36240. |
| RefSeq | NP_004332.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.377010 |
3D structure databases | |
| SMR | P27708. Positions 2-360, 178-603, 1452-1818, 1921-2224. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP-39484N. |
| IntAct | P27708. 22 interactions. |
| STRING | P27708. |
Protein family/group databases | |
| MEROPS | C26.952. M38.972. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P27708. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PeptideAtlas | P27708. |
| PRIDE | P27708. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000264705; ENSP00000264705; ENSG00000084774; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 790. |
| KEGG | hsa:790. |
| UCSC | uc002rji.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 790. |
| GeneCards | GC02P027351. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0001913. |
| HGNC | HGNC:1424. CAD. |
| HPA | CAB007781. |
| MIM | 114010. gene. |
| PharmGKB | PA26023. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | prNOG17154. |
| HOGENOM | HBG405439. |
| HOVERGEN | P27708. |
| InParanoid | P27708. |
| OrthoDB | EOG9XWJHS. |
| PhylomeDB | P27708. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BioCyc | MetaCyc:ENSG00000084774-MONOMER. |
| BRENDA | 2.1.3.2. 247. 3.5.2.3. 247. 6.3.5.5. 247. |
| Reactome | REACT_1698. Metabolism of nucleotides. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P27708. |
| Bgee | P27708. |
| CleanEx | HS_CAD. |
| Genevestigator | P27708. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000084774. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR006680. Amidohydro_1. IPR006132. Asp/Orn_carbamoyltranf_P_bd. IPR006130. Asp/Orn_carbamoylTrfase. IPR006131. Asp_carbamoyltransf_Asp/Orn_bd. IPR002082. Asp_carbamoyltransf_euk. IPR011761. ATP-grasp. IPR013816. ATP_grasp_subdomain_2. IPR001317. CarbamoylP_synth_GATase_dom. IPR005483. CarbamoylP_synth_lsu. IPR005479. CarbamoylP_synth_lsu_ATP-bd. IPR006275. CarbamoylP_synth_lsu_Gln-dep. IPR005481. CarbamoylP_synth_lsu_N. IPR005480. CarbamoylP_synth_lsu_oligo. IPR006274. CarbamoylP_synth_ssu. IPR002474. CarbamoylP_synth_ssu_N. IPR004722. DHOmult. IPR002195. Dihydroorotase_CS. IPR011702. GATASE. IPR017926. GATASE_1. IPR000991. GATase_class1_C. IPR011059. Metal-dep_hydrolase_composite. IPR011607. MGS. IPR013817. Pre-ATP_grasp. IPR016185. PreATP-grasp-like. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:3.30.470.20. ATP_grasp_subdomain_2. 2 hits. G3DSA:3.40.50.20. Pre-ATP_grasp. 2 hits. |
| Pfam | PF01979. Amidohydro_1. 1 hit. PF00289. CPSase_L_chain. 2 hits. PF02786. CPSase_L_D2. 2 hits. PF02787. CPSase_L_D3. 1 hit. PF00988. CPSase_sm_chain. 1 hit. PF00117. GATase. 1 hit. PF02142. MGS. 1 hit. PF00185. OTCace. 1 hit. PF02729. OTCace_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00100. AOTCASE. PR00101. ATCASE. PR00098. CPSASE. PR00099. CPSGATASE. PR00096. GATASE. |
| SMART | SM00851. MGS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| TIGRFAMs | TIGR00670. asp_carb_tr. 1 hit. TIGR01369. CPSaseII_lrg. 1 hit. TIGR01368. CPSaseIIsmall. 1 hit. TIGR00857. pyrC_multi. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS50975. ATP_GRASP. 2 hits. PS00097. CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE. 1 hit. PS00866. CPSASE_1. 2 hits. PS00867. CPSASE_2. 2 hits. PS00482. DIHYDROOROTASE_1. 1 hit. PS00483. DIHYDROOROTASE_2. 1 hit. PS51273. GATASE_TYPE_1. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| DrugBank | DB00128. L-Aspartic Acid. DB00130. L-Glutamine. |
| NextBio | 3214. |
| PMAP-CutDB | P27708. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | PYR1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P27708 Secondary accession number(s): Q6P0Q0 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 2 Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


