P26367 (PAX6_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Paired box protein Pax-6

Alternative name(s):
Aniridia type II protein
Oculorhombin

Gene names

Name:	PAX6
Synonyms:	AN2

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	422 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells By similarity. Competes with PAX4 in binding to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters. Regulates specification of the ventral neuron subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains By similarity. Isoform 5a appears to function as a molecular switch that specifies target genes.
Subunit structure	Interacts with MAF and MAFB By similarity. Interacts with TRIM11; this interaction leads to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, as well as inhibition of transactivation, possibly in part by preventing PAX6 binding to consensus DNA sequences By similarity.
Subcellular location	Nucleus.
Tissue specificity	Fetal eye, brain, spinal cord and olfactory epithelium. Isoform 5a is less abundant than the PAX6 shorter form.
Developmental stage	Expressed in the developing eye and brain.
Post-translational modification	Ubiquitinated by TRIM11, leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation By similarity.
Involvement in disease	Aniridia (AN) [MIM:106210]: A congenital, bilateral, panocular disorder characterized by complete absence of the iris or extreme iris hypoplasia. Aniridia is not just an isolated defect in iris development but it is associated with macular and optic nerve hypoplasia, cataract, corneal changes, nystagmus. Visual acuity is generally low but is unrelated to the degree of iris hypoplasia. Glaucoma is a secondary problem causing additional visual loss over time. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.10 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.24 Ref.25 Ref.27 Ref.28 Ref.29 Ref.30 Ref.31 Ref.32 Ref.33 Ref.34 Ref.36 Peters anomaly (PAN) [MIM:604229]: Consists of a central corneal leukoma, absence of the posterior corneal stroma and Descemet membrane, and a variable degree of iris and lenticular attachments to the central aspect of the posterior cornea. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.14 Ref.21 Ref.31 Foveal hypoplasia (FOVHYP) [MIM:136520]: Foveal hypoplasia can be isolated or associated with presenile cataract. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.15 Ref.23 Keratitis hereditary (KERH) [MIM:148190]: An ocular disorder characterized by corneal opacification, recurrent stromal keratitis and vascularization. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Coloboma of iris choroid and retina (COI) [MIM:120200]: Set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion of the fetal fissure (optic fissure). The clinical presentation of ocular coloboma is variable. Some individuals may present with minimal defects in the anterior iris leaf without other ocular defects. More complex malformations create a combination of iris, uveoretinal and/or optic nerve defects without or with microphthalmia or even anophthalmia. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.31 Coloboma of optic nerve (COLON) [MIM:120430]: An ocular defect that is due to malclosure of the fetal intraocular fissure affecting the optic nerve head. In some affected individuals, it appears as enlargement of the physiologic cup with severely affected eyes showing huge cavities at the site of the disk. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (BONH) [MIM:165550]: A congenital anomaly in which the optic disk appears abnormally small. It may be an isolated finding or part of a spectrum of anatomic and functional abnormalities that includes partial or complete agenesis of the septum pellucidum, other midline brain defects, cerebral anomalies, pituitary dysfunction, and structural abnormalities of the pituitary. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.31 Aniridia, cerebellar ataxia and mental deficiency (ACAMD) [MIM:206700]: A rare condition consisting of partial rudimentary iris, cerebellar impairment of the ability to perform coordinated voluntary movements, and mental retardation. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.35
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain. Contains 1 paired domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Nucleus
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Disease	Disease mutation Mental retardation Peters anomaly
Domain	Homeobox Paired box
Ligand	DNA-binding
Molecular function	Developmental protein Repressor
PTM	Ubl conjugation
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	astrocyte differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara axon guidance Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara blood vessel development Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 7550230. Source: DFLAT cell fate determination Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara central nervous system development Traceable author statement PubMed 10747901. Source: ProtInc cerebral cortex regionalization Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cornea development in camera-type eye Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 7550230. Source: DFLAT dorsal/ventral axis specification Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara eye photoreceptor cell development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara forebrain-midbrain boundary formation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara glucose homeostasis Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 11756345. Source: DFLAT hindbrain development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara iris morphogenesis Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 7550230. Source: DFLAT keratinocyte differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara lacrimal gland development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara lens development in camera-type eye Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of neurogenesis Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of neuron differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara neuron fate commitment Non-traceable author statement PubMed 17291498. Source: UniProtKB neuron migration Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara oligodendrocyte cell fate specification Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara pancreatic A cell development Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 20592023. Source: BHF-UCL pituitary gland development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of cell fate specification Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL protein localization to organelle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of cell migration Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of timing of cell differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in somatic motor neuron fate commitment Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord motor neuron fate specification Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to wounding Inferred from expression pattern PubMed 17982423. Source: UniProtKB salivary gland morphogenesis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara smoothened signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara visual perception Traceable author statement Ref.21. Source: ProtInc
Cellular_component	cytoplasm Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17291498. Source: UniProtKB nuclear chromatin Inferred from direct assay PubMed 20592023. Source: BHF-UCL
Molecular_function	AT DNA binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 20592023. Source: BHF-UCL double-stranded DNA binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara histone acetyltransferase binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL protein kinase binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity Inferred from direct assay PubMed 20592023. Source: BHF-UCL transcription factor binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL ubiquitin-protein ligase activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
Dynll1	P63168	3	EBI-747278,EBI-349121	From a different organism.
HOMER3	Q9NSC5	3	EBI-747278,EBI-748420

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: P26367-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 5a (identifier: P26367-2)

Also known as: Pax6-5a;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     47-47: Q → QTHADAKVQVLDNQN

Isoform 3 (identifier: P26367-3)

Also known as: Pax6-5A,6*;

The sequence of this isoform is not available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 422

422

Paired box protein Pax-6

PRO_0000050185

Regions

Domain

4 – 130

127

Paired

DNA binding

210 – 269

60

Homeobox Ref.7

Compositional bias

131 – 209

79

Gln/Gly-rich

Compositional bias

279 – 422

144

Pro/Ser/Thr-rich

Natural variations

Alternative sequence

47

1

Q → QTHADAKVQVLDNQN in isoform 5a.

VSP_002366

Natural variant

17

1

N → S in AN. Ref.20

VAR_003808

Natural variant

18

1

G → W in AN. Ref.18

VAR_003809

Natural variant

19

1

R → P in AN. Ref.32

VAR_047860

Natural variant

22 – 26

5

Missing in AN.

VAR_008693

Natural variant

26

1

R → G in PAN. Ref.14 Ref.16

VAR_003810

Natural variant

29

1

I → S in AN. Ref.24

VAR_008694

Natural variant

29

1

I → V in AN. Ref.20

VAR_003811

Natural variant

33

1

A → P in AN. Ref.23

VAR_008695

Natural variant

37 – 39

3

Missing in AN.

VAR_008696

Natural variant

42

1

I → S in AN; mild. Ref.22

VAR_008697

Natural variant

43

1

S → P in AN. Ref.23

VAR_008698

Natural variant

44

1

R → Q in AN. Ref.20

VAR_003812

Natural variant

46

1

L → R in AN; shows almost no binding efficiency; transcriptional activation ability is about 50% lower than that of the wild-type protein. Ref.33

VAR_047861

Natural variant

52

1

C → R in AN; shows almost no binding efficiency; transcriptional activation ability is about 50% lower than that of the wild-type protein. Ref.33

VAR_047862

Natural variant

53

1

V → D in PAN; also found in patients with congenital cataract and foveal hypoplasia. Ref.21

VAR_008700

Natural variant

53

1

V → L in AN; mild; shows 50% lower DNA-binding and transactivation ability than the wild-type protein. Ref.22 Ref.33

VAR_008699

Natural variant

56

1

I → T in AN; shows only one-quarter to one-third the binding ability of the normal wild-type protein; exhibits normal transactivation. Ref.33

VAR_047863

Natural variant

63

1

T → P in AN; mild. Ref.22

VAR_008701

Natural variant

64

1

G → V in foveal hypoplasia; associated with presenile cataract syndrome. Ref.23

VAR_008702

Natural variant

68

1

P → S in morning glory disk anomaly; significant impairment of transcriptional activation ability. Ref.31

VAR_017540

Natural variant

73

1

G → D in AN; shows almost no binding efficiency; transcriptional activation ability is about 80% of that of the wild-type protein. Ref.33

VAR_047864

Natural variant

79

1

A → E in AN; mild. Ref.22

VAR_008703

Natural variant

87

1

I → K in AN. Ref.33

VAR_047865

Natural variant

87

1

I → R in AN; loss of activity. Ref.16

VAR_003813

Natural variant

118

1

P → R in a family with nystagmus associated with a variant form of aniridia. Ref.26

VAR_015065

Natural variant

119

1

S → R in AN. Ref.24 Ref.28

VAR_008704

Natural variant

125

1

R → C in FOVHYP; isolated. Ref.15

VAR_017541

Natural variant

126

1

V → D in AN; atypical form. Ref.23

VAR_008705

Natural variant

128

1

R → C in FOVHYP; isolated. Ref.15

VAR_003814

Natural variant

178

1

Q → H in AN. Ref.20

VAR_003815

Natural variant

208

1

R → Q in AN; mild. Ref.22

VAR_008706

Natural variant

208

1

R → W in AN. Ref.13

VAR_003816

Natural variant

242

1

R → T in AN; the mutant homeodomain binds DNA as well as the wild-type homeodomain; the mutant does not modify the DNA-binding properties of the paired domain; the steady-state levels of the full length mutant protein are higher than those of the wild-type one; a responsive promoter is activated to a higher extend by the mutant protein than by the wild-type protein; the presence of the mutation reduces sensitivity to trypsin digestion. Ref.30 Ref.34

VAR_047866

Natural variant

258

1

F → S in COI; significant impairment of transcriptional activation ability. Ref.31

VAR_017542

Natural variant

292

1

S → I in BONH; significant impairment of ability to activate transcription. Ref.31

VAR_017543

Natural variant

321

1

A → T Shows about two-fold higher binding efficiency than the normal wild-type protein; transcriptional activation ability is about 89% of that of the wild-type protein. Ref.33

VAR_047867

Natural variant

353

1

S → A in AN. Ref.24

VAR_008707

Natural variant

363

1

S → P in PAN. Ref.31

VAR_017544

Natural variant

375

1

P → Q in AN; reduced DNA binding ability. Ref.29

VAR_015066

Natural variant

378

1

Q → R in optic nerve aplasia. Ref.31

VAR_017545

Natural variant

381

1

M → V in BONH. Ref.31

VAR_017546

Natural variant

387

1

G → D. Ref.27

VAR_047868

Natural variant

391

1

T → A in BONH. Ref.31

VAR_017547

Natural variant

395

1

G → R in AN. Ref.36

VAR_067698

Natural variant

422

1

Q → R in AN and ocular anterior segment anomalies; loss of DNA binding ability. Ref.19 Ref.29

VAR_008708

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

317

1

R → L in AAA59962. Ref.1

Sequence conflict

369

1

Y → C in CAE45868. Ref.4

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

422

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

6 – 8

3

Beta strand

14 – 16

3

Helix

23 – 34

12

Helix

39 – 46

8

Helix

50 – 63

14

Beta strand

77 – 79

3

Helix

81 – 93

13

Helix

99 – 108

10

Turn

114 – 116

3

Helix

120 – 133

14

Helix

219 – 229

11

Helix

237 – 246

10

Helix

251 – 275

25

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified July 15, 1999. Version 2. Checksum: C33CDD2C1B13C397	FASTA	422	46,683
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MQNSHSGVNQ LGGVFVNGRP LPDSTRQKIV ELAHSGARPC DISRILQVSN GCVSKILGRY 70 80 90 100 110 120 YETGSIRPRA IGGSKPRVAT PEVVSKIAQY KRECPSIFAW EIRDRLLSEG VCTNDNIPSV 130 140 150 160 170 180 SSINRVLRNL ASEKQQMGAD GMYDKLRMLN GQTGSWGTRP GWYPGTSVPG QPTQDGCQQQ 190 200 210 220 230 240 EGGGENTNSI SSNGEDSDEA QMRLQLKRKL QRNRTSFTQE QIEALEKEFE RTHYPDVFAR 250 260 270 280 290 300 ERLAAKIDLP EARIQVWFSN RRAKWRREEK LRNQRRQASN TPSHIPISSS FSTSVYQPIP 310 320 330 340 350 360 QPTTPVSSFT SGSMLGRTDT ALTNTYSALP PMPSFTMANN LPMQPPVPSQ TSSYSCMLPT 370 380 390 400 410 420 SPSVNGRSYD TYTPPHMQTH MNSQPMGTSG TTSTGLISPG VSVPVQVPGS EPDMSQYWPR LQ
	Isoform 5a (Pax6-5a) [UniParc]. Checksum: 74926827347A20B5	FASTA	436	48,218
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MQNSHSGVNQ LGGVFVNGRP LPDSTRQKIV ELAHSGARPC DISRILQTHA DAKVQVLDNQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 NVSNGCVSKI LGRYYETGSI RPRAIGGSKP RVATPEVVSK IAQYKRECPS IFAWEIRDRL 130 140 150 160 170 180 LSEGVCTNDN IPSVSSINRV LRNLASEKQQ MGADGMYDKL RMLNGQTGSW GTRPGWYPGT 190 200 210 220 230 240 SVPGQPTQDG CQQQEGGGEN TNSISSNGED SDEAQMRLQL KRKLQRNRTS FTQEQIEALE 250 260 270 280 290 300 KEFERTHYPD VFARERLAAK IDLPEARIQV WFSNRRAKWR REEKLRNQRR QASNTPSHIP 310 320 330 340 350 360 ISSSFSTSVY QPIPQPTTPV SSFTSGSMLG RTDTALTNTY SALPPMPSFT MANNLPMQPP 370 380 390 400 410 420 VPSQTSSYSC MLPTSPSVNG RSYDTYTPPH MQTHMNSQPM GTSGTTSTGL ISPGVSVPVQ 430 VPGSEPDMSQ YWPRLQ
	Isoform 3 (Pax6-5A,6*) (Sequence not available).		–	–

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Positional cloning and characterization of a paired box- and homeobox-containing gene from the aniridia region." Ton C.C.T., Hirvonen H., Miwa H., Weil M.M., Monaghan P., Jordan T., van Heyningen V., Hastie N.D., Meijers-Heijboer H., Drechsler M., Royer-Pokora B., Collins F.S., Swaroop A., Strong L.C., Saunders G.F. Cell 67:1059-1074(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Fetal eye.
[2]	"Genomic structure, evolutionary conservation and aniridia mutations in the human PAX6 gene." Glaser T., Walton D.S., Maas R.L. Nat. Genet. 2:232-239(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[3]	Liu J., Zhang B., Zhou Y., Peng X., Yuan J., Qiang B. Submitted (JUL-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[4]	"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 5A). Tissue: Cerebellum.
[5]	"Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification." Taylor T.D., Noguchi H., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Dewar K., Lloyd C., Itoh T., Takeda T., Kim D.-W., She X., Barlow K.F., Bloom T., Bruford E., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Eichler E., FitzGerald M.G. , Jaffe D.B., LaButti K., Nicol R., Park H.-S., Seaman C., Sougnez C., Yang X., Zimmer A.R., Zody M.C., Birren B.W., Nusbaum C., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Rogers J., Lander E.S., Sakaki Y. Nature 440:497-500(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Lung.
[7]	"Two independent and interactive DNA-binding subdomains of the Pax6 paired domain are regulated by alternative splicing." Epstein J.A., Glaser T., Cai J., Jepeal L., Walton D.S., Maas R.L. Genes Dev. 8:2022-2034(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, DNA-BINDING.
[8]	"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[9]	"Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[10]	"Crystal structure of the human Pax-6 paired domain-DNA complex reveals specific roles for the linker region and carboxyl-terminal subdomain in DNA binding." Xu H.E., Rould M.A., Xu W., Epstein J.A., Maas R.L., Pabo C.O. Genes Dev. 13:1263-1275(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.5 ANGSTROMS) OF 4-136.
[11]	"PAX6 mutations reviewed." Prosser J., van Heyningen V. Hum. Mutat. 11:93-108(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW ON VARIANTS.
[12]	"Solution structure of the homeobox domain of the human paired box protein PAX-6." RIKEN structural genomics initiative (RSGI) Submitted (NOV-2005) to the PDB data bank Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 211-277.
[13]	"PAX6 mutations in aniridia." Hanson I.M., Seawright A., Hardman K., Hodgson S., Zaletayev D., Fekete G., van Heyningen V. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2:915-920(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN TRP-208.
[14]	"Mutations at the PAX6 locus are found in heterogeneous anterior segment malformations including Peters' anomaly." Hanson I.M., Fletcher J.M., Jordan T., Brown A., Taylor D., Adams R.J., Punnet H.H., van Heyningen V. Nat. Genet. 6:168-173(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PAN GLY-26.
[15]	"PAX6 missense mutation in isolated foveal hypoplasia." Azuma N., Nishina S., Yanagisawa H., Okuyama T., Yamada M. Nat. Genet. 13:141-142(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS FOVHYP CYS-125 AND CYS-128.
[16]	"Functional analysis of paired box missense mutations in the PAX6 gene." Tang H.K., Chao L.-Y., Saunders G.F. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6:381-386(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN ARG-87, VARIANT GLY-26.
[17]	"Combined SSCP/heteroduplex analysis in the screening for PAX6 mutations." Axton R., Hanson I.M., Love J., Seawright A., Prosser J., van Heyningen V. Mol. Cell. Probes 11:287-292(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN 22-PRO--ARG-26 DEL.
[18]	"Ten novel mutations found in Aniridia." Wolf M.T.F., Lorenz B., Winterpacht A., Drechsler M., Schumacher V., Royer-Pokora B., Blankenagel A., Zabel B., Wildhardt G. Hum. Mutat. 12:304-313(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN TRP-18.
[19]	"Missense mutation at the C-terminus of the PAX6 gene in ocular anterior segment anomalies." Azuma N., Yamada M. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39:828-830(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT EYE MALFORMATIONS ARG-422.
[20]	"Missense mutations in the PAX6 gene in aniridia." Azuma N., Hotta Y., Tanaka H., Yamada M. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39:2524-2528(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AN SER-17; VAL-29; GLN-44 AND HIS-178.
[21]	"Missense mutation in the alternative splice region of the PAX6 gene in eye anomalies." Azuma N., Yamaguchi Y., Handa H., Hayakawa M., Kanai A., Yamada M. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:656-663(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PAN ASP-53.
[22]	"Mutational analysis of PAX6: 16 novel mutations including 5 missense mutations with a mild aniridia phenotype." Groenskov K., Rosenberg T., Sand A., Broendum-Nielsen K. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 7:274-286(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, VARIANTS AN SER-42; LEU-53; PRO-63; GLU-79 AND GLN-208.
[23]	"Missense mutations in the most ancient residues of the PAX6 paired domain underlie a spectrum of human congenital eye malformations." Hanson I.M., Churchill A., Love J., Axton R., Moore T., Clarke M., Meire F., van Heyningen V. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8:165-172(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AN PRO-33; PRO-43 AND ASP-126, VARIANT FOVHYP VAL-64.
[24]	Wildhardt G. Unpublished observations (APR-1999) Cited for: VARIANTS AN SER-29; ARG-119 AND ALA-353.
[25]	Saunders G.F. Unpublished observations (AUG-1999) Cited for: VARIANT AN 37-ALA--PRO-39 DEL.
[26]	"A novel PAX6 gene mutation (P118R) in a family with congenital nystagmus associated with a variant form of aniridia." Sonoda S., Isashiki Y., Tabata Y., Kimura K., Kakiuchi T., Ohba N. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238:552-558(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT NYSTAGMUS ARG-118.
[27]	"Mutation in the PAX6 gene in twenty patients with aniridia." Chao L.-Y., Huff V., Strong L.C., Saunders G.F. Hum. Mutat. 15:332-339(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN 37-ARG--PRO-39 DEL, VARIANT ASP-387.
[28]	"PAX6 mutation in a family with aniridia, congenital ptosis, and mental retardation." Malandrini A., Mari F., Palmeri S., Gambelli S., Berti G., Bruttini M., Bardelli A.M., Williamson K., van Heyningen V., Renieri A. Clin. Genet. 60:151-154(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN ARG-119.
[29]	"Missense mutation at the C-terminus of PAX6 negatively modulates homeodomain function." Singh S., Chao L.-Y., Mishra R., Davies J., Saunders G.F. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:911-918(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AN GLN-375 AND ARG-422.
[30]	"National study of microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) in Scotland: investigation of genetic aetiology." Morrison D., FitzPatrick D., Hanson I., Williamson K., van Heyningen V., Fleck B., Jones I., Chalmers J., Campbell H. J. Med. Genet. 39:16-22(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN THR-242.
[31]	"Mutations of the PAX6 gene detected in patients with a variety of optic-nerve malformations." Azuma N., Yamaguchi Y., Handa H., Tadokoro K., Asaka A., Kawase E., Yamada M. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:1565-1570(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT MORNING GLORY DISK ANOMALY SER-68, VARIANT COI SER-258, VARIANT PAN PRO-363, VARIANTS BONH ILE-292; ARG-378; VAL-381 AND ALA-391.
[32]	"Screening for PAX6 gene mutations is consistent with haploinsufficiency as the main mechanism leading to various ocular defects." Vincent M.-C., Pujo A.-L., Olivier D., Calvas P. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 11:163-169(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AN PRO-19 AND 22-PRO--ARG-26 DEL.
[33]	"Missense mutations in the DNA-binding region and termination codon in PAX6." Chao L.-Y., Mishra R., Strong L.C., Saunders G.F. Hum. Mutat. 21:138-145(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AN ARG-46; ARG-52; THR-56; ASP-73 AND LYS-87, VARIANT THR-321, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS AN ARG-46; ARG-52; LEU-53; THR-56 AND ASP-73, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT THR-321.
[34]	"Molecular analysis of a human PAX6 homeobox mutant." D'Elia A.V., Puppin C., Pellizzari L., Pianta A., Bregant E., Lonigro R., Tell G., Fogolari F., van Heyningen V., Damante G. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 14:744-751(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT AN THR-242.
[35]	"A de novo nonsense mutation of PAX6 gene in a patient with aniridia, ataxia, and mental retardation." Graziano C., D'Elia A.V., Mazzanti L., Moscano F., Guidelli Guidi S., Scarano E., Turchetti D., Franzoni E., Romeo G., Damante G., Seri M. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 143:1802-1805(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN ACAMD.
[36]	"Mutation spectrum of PAX6 in Chinese patients with aniridia." Zhang X., Wang P., Li S., Xiao X., Guo X., Zhang Q. Mol. Vis. 17:2139-2147(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AN ARG-395.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Human PAX6 allelic variant database web site

GeneReviews

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

M77844 mRNA. Translation: AAA59962.1.
M93650 mRNA. Translation: AAA36416.1.
AY047583 mRNA. Translation: AAK95849.1.
BX640762 mRNA. Translation: CAE45868.1.
Z95332, Z83307 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAG38363.1.
Z83307, Z95332 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAG38087.1.
BC011953 mRNA. Translation: AAH11953.1.

IPI

IPI00218800.
IPI00449071.

PIR

A56674.

RefSeq

NP_000271.1. NM_000280.4.
NP_001121084.1. NM_001127612.1.
NP_001245391.1. NM_001258462.1.
NP_001245392.1. NM_001258463.1.
NP_001245393.1. NM_001258464.1.
NP_001245394.1. NM_001258465.1.
NP_001595.2. NM_001604.5.

UniGene

Hs.270303.
Hs.611376.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2CUE	NMR	-	A	211-277	[»]
6PAX	X-ray	2.50	A	4-136	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

P26367.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

P26367. 5 interactions.

MINT

MINT-1465118.

STRING

9606.ENSP00000368401.

PTM databases

PhosphoSite

P26367.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM

6174889.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

P26367.

PRIDE

P26367.

Protocols and materials databases

DNASU

5080.

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000241001; ENSP00000241001; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000379107; ENSP00000368401; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000379109; ENSP00000368403; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000379111; ENSP00000368406; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000379115; ENSP00000368410; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000379123; ENSP00000368418; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000379129; ENSP00000368424; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000379132; ENSP00000368427; ENSG00000007372.
ENST00000419022; ENSP00000404100; ENSG00000007372.

GeneID

5080.

KEGG

hsa:5080.

UCSC

uc001mtd.4. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

5080.

GeneCards

GC11M031806.

HGNC

HGNC:8620. PAX6.

HPA

CAB034143.
HPA030775.

MIM

106210. phenotype.
120200. phenotype.
120430. phenotype.
136520. phenotype.
148190. phenotype.
165550. phenotype.
206700. phenotype.
604229. phenotype.
607108. gene.

neXtProt

NX_P26367.

Orphanet

1065. Aniridia - cerebellar ataxia - intellectual deficit.
2334. Autosomal dominant keratitis.
2253. Foveal hypoplasia - presenile cataract.
250923. Isolated aniridia.
137902. Isolated optic nerve hypoplasia.
35737. Morning glory syndrome.
194. Ocular coloboma.
708. Peters anomaly.
893. WAGR syndrome.

PharmGKB

PA32960.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

NOG326044.

HOVERGEN

HBG009115.

KO

K08031.

OMA

NGQTGTW.

OrthoDB

EOG47PX63.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P26367.

Bgee

P26367.

CleanEx

HS_PAX6.

Genevestigator

P26367.

GermOnline

ENSG00000007372. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

Gene3D

1.10.10.10. 2 hits.
1.10.10.60. 1 hit.

InterPro

IPR017970. Homeobox_CS.
IPR001356. Homeodomain.
IPR009057. Homeodomain-like.
IPR001523. Paired_dom.
IPR011991. WHTH_DNA-bd_dom.
[Graphical view]

Pfam

PF00046. Homeobox. 1 hit.
PF00292. PAX. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PRINTS

PR00027. PAIREDBOX.

SMART

SM00389. HOX. 1 hit.
SM00351. PAX. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

SUPFAM

SSF46689. Homeodomain_like. 2 hits.

PROSITE

PS00027. HOMEOBOX_1. 1 hit.
PS50071. HOMEOBOX_2. 1 hit.
PS00034. PAIRED_1. 1 hit.
PS51057. PAIRED_2. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

EvolutionaryTrace

P26367.

GenomeRNAi

5080.

NextBio

19596.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PAX6_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P26367
Secondary accession number(s): Q6N006, Q99413

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 1, 1992
Last sequence update:	July 15, 1999
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 161 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.