ID UCP1_HUMAN Reviewed; 307 AA. AC P25874; Q13218; Q4KMZ3; Q68G66; DT 01-MAY-1992, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 19-JUL-2005, sequence version 3. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 191. DE RecName: Full=Mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 {ECO:0000305}; DE Short=UCP 1 {ECO:0000305}; DE AltName: Full=Solute carrier family 25 member 7 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23266187}; DE AltName: Full=Thermogenin {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04575}; GN Name=UCP1 {ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:12517}; GN Synonyms=SLC25A7 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23266187}, UCP GN {ECO:0000303|PubMed:2380264}; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=2380264; DOI=10.1002/jcb.240430306; RA Cassard A.M., Bouillaud F., Mattei M.-G., Hentz E., Raimbault S., RA Thomas M., Ricquier D.; RT "Human uncoupling protein gene: structure, comparison with rat gene, and RT assignment to the long arm of chromosome 4."; RL J. Cell. Biochem. 43:255-264(1990). RN [2] RP SEQUENCE REVISION. RA Bouillaud F.; RL Submitted (JUL-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Brown adipose tissue; RA Bouillaud F., Ricquier D., Raimbault S.; RT "Sequence of the cDNA coding for the human uncoupling protein UCP."; RL Submitted (JUL-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=15815621; DOI=10.1038/nature03466; RA Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., RA Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., RA Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., RA Du H., Sun H., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Carter J., Cordes M., Harris A., RA Isak A., van Brunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Courtney L., Kalicki J., RA Ozersky P., Abbott S., Armstrong J., Belter E.A., Caruso L., Cedroni M., RA Cotton M., Davidson T., Desai A., Elliott G., Erb T., Fronick C., Gaige T., RA Haakenson W., Haglund K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Kim K., Kruchowski S.S., RA Strong C.M., Grewal N., Goyea E., Hou S., Levy A., Martinka S., Mead K., RA McLellan M.D., Meyer R., Randall-Maher J., Tomlinson C., RA Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Shah N., Swearengen-Shahid S., RA Snider J., Strong J.T., Thompson J., Yoakum M., Leonard S., Pearman C., RA Trani L., Radionenko M., Waligorski J.E., Wang C., Rock S.M., RA Tin-Wollam A.-M., Maupin R., Latreille P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Pohl C., RA Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Berkowicz N., Nelson J.O., Osborne J., RA Ding L., Meyer R., Sabo A., Shotland Y., Sinha P., Wohldmann P.E., RA Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Jones T.A., She X., RA Ciccarelli F.D., Izaurralde E., Taylor J., Schmutz J., Myers R.M., RA Cox D.R., Huang X., McPherson J.D., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Warren W.C., RA Chinwalla A.T., Eddy S.R., Marra M.A., Ovcharenko I., Furey T.S., RA Miller W., Eichler E.E., Bork P., Suyama M., Torrents D., Waterston R.H., RA Wilson R.K.; RT "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and RT 4."; RL Nature 434:724-731(2005). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 113-196, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RC TISSUE=Brown adipose tissue; RX PubMed=3165741; DOI=10.1042/cs0750021; RA Bouillaud F., Villarroya F., Hentz E., Raimbault S., Cassard A.M., RA Ricquier D.; RT "Detection of brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein mRNA in adult RT patients by a human genomic probe."; RL Clin. Sci. 75:21-27(1988). RN [7] RP FUNCTION, TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY, AND SUBUNIT. RX PubMed=24196960; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m113.509935; RA Hoang T., Smith M.D., Jelokhani-Niaraki M.; RT "Expression, folding, and proton transport activity of human uncoupling RT protein-1 (UCP1) in lipid membranes: evidence for associated functional RT forms."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 288:36244-36258(2013). RN [8] RP NOMENCLATURE. RX PubMed=23266187; DOI=10.1016/j.mam.2012.05.005; RA Palmieri F.; RT "The mitochondrial transporter family SLC25: identification, properties and RT physiopathology."; RL Mol. Aspects Med. 34:465-484(2013). RN [9] RP VARIANT LEU-229. RX PubMed=11317671; DOI=10.1007/s001250051629; RA Mori H., Okazawa H., Iwamoto K., Maeda E., Hashiramoto M., Kasuga M.; RT "A polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region and a Met229-->Leu variant in RT exon 5 of the human UCP1 gene are associated with susceptibility to type II RT diabetes mellitus."; RL Diabetologia 44:373-376(2001). RN [10] RP VARIANT THR-64. RX PubMed=12756473; DOI=10.1007/s00109-003-0431-1; RA Herrmann S.M., Wang J.G., Staessen J.A., Kertmen E., Schmidt-Petersen K., RA Zidek W., Paul M., Brand E.; RT "Uncoupling protein 1 and 3 polymorphisms are associated with waist-to-hip RT ratio."; RL J. Mol. Med. 81:327-332(2003). RN [11] RP FUNCTION, TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY, LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACID BINDING, MUTAGENESIS RP OF LYS-38; ARG-54; LYS-56 AND LYS-269, AND ACTIVITY REGULATION. RX PubMed=28781081; DOI=10.1016/j.str.2017.07.005; RA Zhao L., Wang S., Zhu Q., Wu B., Liu Z., Ouyang B., Chou J.J.; RT "Specific Interaction of the Human Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 with RT Free Long-Chain Fatty Acid."; RL Structure 25:1371-1379(2017). CC -!- FUNCTION: Mitochondrial protein responsible for thermogenic CC respiration, a specialized capacity of brown adipose tissue and beige CC fat that participates in non-shivering adaptive thermogenesis to CC temperature and diet variations and more generally to the regulation of CC energy balance (By similarity). Functions as a long-chain fatty CC acid/LCFA and proton symporter, simultaneously transporting one LCFA CC and one proton through the inner mitochondrial membrane CC (PubMed:24196960, PubMed:28781081). However, LCFAs remaining associated CC with the transporter via their hydrophobic tails, it results in an CC apparent transport of protons activated by LCFAs. Thereby, dissipates CC the mitochondrial proton gradient and converts the energy of substrate CC oxydation into heat instead of ATP. Regulates the production of CC reactive oxygen species/ROS by mitochondria (By similarity). CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12242, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24196960, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28781081}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H(+)(in) = H(+)(out); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:34979, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:24196960, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28781081}; CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Has no constitutive proton transporter activity CC and has to be activated by long-chain fatty acids/LCFAs CC (PubMed:28781081). Inhibited by purine nucleotides (PubMed:28781081). CC Both purine nucleotides and LCFAs bind the cytosolic side of the CC transporter and directly compete to activate or inhibit it CC (PubMed:28781081). Activated by noradrenaline and reactive oxygen CC species. Despite lacking canonical translational encoding for CC selenocysteine, a small pool of the protein has been observed to CC selectively incorporate selenocysteine at 'Cys-254'. Selenocysteine- CC modified protein is highly sensitive to redox modification and may CC constitute a pool of protein highly sensitive to activation by elevated CC levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12242, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28781081}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Most probably functions as a monomer. Binds one purine CC nucleotide per monomer (By similarity). However, has also been CC suggested to function as a homodimer or a homotetramer CC (PubMed:24196960). Tightly associates with cardiolipin in the CC mitochondrion inner membrane; may stabilize and regulate its activity CC (PubMed:24196960). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:W5PSH7, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:24196960}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12242}; Multi-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brown adipose tissue. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:3165741}. CC -!- PTM: May undergo sulfenylation upon cold exposure. May increase the CC sensitivity of UCP1 thermogenic function to the activation by CC noradrenaline probably through structural effects. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12242}. CC -!- PTM: May undergo ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=A touch of warmth - Issue CC 195 of September 2017; CC URL="https://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/195/"; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; X51952; CAA36214.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; X51953; CAA36214.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; X51954; CAA36214.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; X51955; CAA36214.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U28480; AAA85271.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AC108019; AAY41026.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC069556; AAH69556.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC098168; AAH98168.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC098258; AAH98258.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS3753.1; -. DR PIR; G01858; G01858. DR RefSeq; NP_068605.1; NM_021833.4. DR PDB; 8G8W; EM; 3.80 A; A=2-307. DR PDB; 8HBV; EM; 2.51 A; A=1-307. DR PDB; 8HBW; EM; 2.57 A; A=1-307. DR PDB; 8J1N; EM; 2.51 A; A=1-307. DR PDBsum; 8G8W; -. DR PDBsum; 8HBV; -. DR PDBsum; 8HBW; -. DR PDBsum; 8J1N; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P25874; -. DR EMDB; EMD-34644; -. DR EMDB; EMD-34645; -. DR EMDB; EMD-35928; -. DR SMR; P25874; -. DR BioGRID; 113197; 4. DR IntAct; P25874; 1. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000262999; -. DR TCDB; 2.A.29.3.2; the mitochondrial carrier (mc) family. DR iPTMnet; P25874; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P25874; -. DR BioMuta; UCP1; -. DR DMDM; 71153184; -. DR jPOST; P25874; -. DR MassIVE; P25874; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000262999; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P25874; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 54299; -. DR Antibodypedia; 16250; 505 antibodies from 38 providers. DR DNASU; 7350; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000262999.4; ENSP00000262999.3; ENSG00000109424.4. DR GeneID; 7350; -. DR KEGG; hsa:7350; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000262999.4; ENSP00000262999.3; NM_021833.5; NP_068605.1. DR UCSC; uc011chj.3; human. DR AGR; HGNC:12517; -. DR CTD; 7350; -. DR DisGeNET; 7350; -. DR GeneCards; UCP1; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:12517; UCP1. DR HPA; ENSG00000109424; Tissue enhanced (adrenal). DR MIM; 113730; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_P25874; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000109424; -. DR PharmGKB; PA37164; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000109424; -. DR eggNOG; KOG0753; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000160382; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_015166_14_2_1; -. DR InParanoid; P25874; -. DR OMA; NCAMKMF; -. DR OrthoDB; 1832865at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P25874; -. DR TreeFam; TF323211; -. DR PathwayCommons; P25874; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-167826; The fatty acid cycling model. DR Reactome; R-HSA-167827; The proton buffering model. DR SignaLink; P25874; -. DR SIGNOR; P25874; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 7350; 12 hits in 1152 CRISPR screens. DR GeneWiki; Thermogenin; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 7350; -. DR Pharos; P25874; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:P25874; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 4. DR RNAct; P25874; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000109424; Expressed in male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis and 52 other cell types or tissues. DR GO; GO:0005743; C:mitochondrial inner membrane; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; IDA:MGI. DR GO; GO:1901612; F:cardiolipin binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0019003; F:GDP binding; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0005525; F:GTP binding; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0036041; F:long-chain fatty acid binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0017077; F:oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0015078; F:proton transmembrane transporter activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0032555; F:purine ribonucleotide binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0022857; F:transmembrane transporter activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:1990845; P:adaptive thermogenesis; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0050873; P:brown fat cell differentiation; ISS:HGNC-UCL. DR GO; GO:0070417; P:cellular response to cold; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:1903495; P:cellular response to dehydroepiandrosterone; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0071398; P:cellular response to fatty acid; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0032870; P:cellular response to hormone stimulus; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0034614; P:cellular response to reactive oxygen species; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0002024; P:diet induced thermogenesis; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:1990542; P:mitochondrial transmembrane transport; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0120162; P:positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; ISS:YuBioLab. DR GO; GO:1902600; P:proton transmembrane transport; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:1903426; P:regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0006357; P:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0009409; P:response to cold; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0031667; P:response to nutrient levels; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0009266; P:response to temperature stimulus; ISS:UniProtKB. DR Gene3D; 1.50.40.10; Mitochondrial carrier domain; 1. DR InterPro; IPR002067; Mit_carrier. DR InterPro; IPR018108; Mitochondrial_sb/sol_carrier. DR InterPro; IPR023395; Mt_carrier_dom_sf. DR PANTHER; PTHR45618:SF19; MITOCHONDRIAL BROWN FAT UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 1; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR45618; MITOCHONDRIAL DICARBOXYLATE CARRIER-RELATED; 1. DR Pfam; PF00153; Mito_carr; 3. DR PRINTS; PR00784; MTUNCOUPLING. DR SUPFAM; SSF103506; Mitochondrial carrier; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50920; SOLCAR; 3. DR Genevisible; P25874; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Diabetes mellitus; Ion channel; Ion transport; Membrane; KW Mitochondrion; Mitochondrion inner membrane; Obesity; Oxidation; KW Reference proteome; Repeat; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Transport. FT CHAIN 1..307 FT /note="Mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1" FT /id="PRO_0000090657" FT TOPO_DOM 1..10 FT /note="Mitochondrial intermembrane" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633" FT TRANSMEM 11..32 FT /note="Helical; Name=1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 33..73 FT /note="Mitochondrial matrix" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633" FT TRANSMEM 74..96 FT /note="Helical; Name=2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 97..116 FT /note="Mitochondrial intermembrane" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633" FT TRANSMEM 117..133 FT /note="Helical; Name=3" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 134..178 FT /note="Mitochondrial matrix" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633" FT TRANSMEM 179..195 FT /note="Helical; Name=4" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 196..212 FT /note="Mitochondrial intermembrane" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633" FT TRANSMEM 213..232 FT /note="Helical; Name=5" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 233..266 FT /note="Mitochondrial matrix" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633" FT TRANSMEM 267..289 FT /note="Helical; Name=6" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 290..307 FT /note="Mitochondrial intermembrane" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04633" FT REPEAT 11..102 FT /note="Solcar 1" FT REPEAT 111..201 FT /note="Solcar 2" FT REPEAT 210..295 FT /note="Solcar 3" FT BINDING 56 FT /ligand="fatty acid 16:0" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:78123" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:28781081" FT BINDING 269 FT /ligand="fatty acid 16:0" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:78123" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:28781081" FT MOD_RES 254 FT /note="Cysteine sulfenic acid (-SOH)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12242" FT VARIANT 64 FT /note="A -> T (in dbSNP:rs45539933)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12756473" FT /id="VAR_022840" FT VARIANT 229 FT /note="M -> L (risk factor for type II diabetes mellitus; FT dbSNP:rs2270565)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11317671" FT /id="VAR_022841" FT MUTAGEN 38 FT /note="K->S: Does not affect H(+) transmembrane transport FT activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28781081" FT MUTAGEN 54 FT /note="R->S: Does not affect H(+) transmembrane transport FT activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28781081" FT MUTAGEN 56 FT /note="K->S: Severely reduced H(+) transmembrane transport FT activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28781081" FT MUTAGEN 269 FT /note="K->S: Severely reduced H(+) transmembrane transport FT activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28781081" FT CONFLICT 21 FT /note="G -> P (in Ref. 1; CAA36214)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT HELIX 13..42 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT TURN 43..46 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT STRAND 50..52 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 58..69 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT TURN 72..77 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 78..105 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT TURN 106..108 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 113..143 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT STRAND 146..149 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 157..168 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 171..174 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 177..204 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 212..242 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 251..262 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 266..268 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" FT HELIX 271..297 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:8HBV" SQ SEQUENCE 307 AA; 33005 MW; BCC99AB27171FC67 CRC64; MGGLTASDVH PTLGVQLFSA GIAACLADVI TFPLDTAKVR LQVQGECPTS SVIRYKGVLG TITAVVKTEG RMKLYSGLPA GLQRQISSAS LRIGLYDTVQ EFLTAGKETA PSLGSKILAG LTTGGVAVFI GQPTEVVKVR LQAQSHLHGI KPRYTGTYNA YRIIATTEGL TGLWKGTTPN LMRSVIINCT ELVTYDLMKE AFVKNNILAD DVPCHLVSAL IAGFCATAMS SPVDVVKTRF INSPPGQYKS VPNCAMKVFT NEGPTAFFKG LVPSFLRLGS WNVIMFVCFE QLKRELSKSR QTMDCAT //