P25872 (PAL1_TOBAC) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
EC=4.3.1.24

Gene names

Name:	TPA1
Synonyms:	PALB

Organism

Nicotiana tabacum (Common tobacco)

Taxonomic identifier

4097 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Streptophytina › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Euphyllophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › asterids › lamiids › Solanales › Solanaceae › Nicotianoideae › Nicotianeae › Nicotiana

Protein attributes

Sequence length	715 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton.
Catalytic activity	L-phenylalanine = trans-cinnamate + ammonia.
Pathway	Phenylpropanoid metabolism; trans-cinnamate biosynthesis; trans-cinnamate from L-phenylalanine: step 1/1.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm Probable.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in flowers, roots, leaves and stems. Ref.1
Developmental stage	Expression declines during flower maturation but increases during leaf maturation.
Induction	Rapidly induced after wounding. Ref.1
Post-translational modification	Contains an active site 4-methylidene-imidazol-5-one (MIO), which is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of residues Ala-Ser-Gly By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the PAL/histidase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Phenylpropanoid metabolism
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Molecular function	Lyase
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	L-phenylalanine catabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro cinnamic acid biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-UniPathway
Cellular_component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 715	715	Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase		PRO_0000215423
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	202	1	2,3-didehydroalanine (Ser) By similarity
	Cross-link	201 ↔ 203		5-imidazolinone (Ala-Gly) By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P25872 [UniParc]. Last modified May 1, 1992. Version 1. Checksum: 03CB4E8527394C62	FASTA	715	77,781
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MASNGHVNGG ENFELCKKSA DPLNWEMAAE SLRGSHLDEV KKMVSEFRKP MVKLGGESLT 70 80 90 100 110 120 VAQVAAIAVR DKSANGVKVE LSEEARAGVK ASSDWVMDSM NKGTDSYGVT TGFGATSHRR 130 140 150 160 170 180 TKNGGALQKE LIRFLNAGVF GNGTETSHTL PHSATRAAML VRINTLLQGY SGIRFEILEA 190 200 210 220 230 240 ITKLINSNIT PCLPLRGTIT ASGDLVPLSY IAGLLTGRPN SKAVGPNGET LNAEEAFRVA 250 260 270 280 290 300 GVNGGFFELQ PKEGLALVNG TAVGSGMASM VLFDSNILAV MSEVLSAIFA EVMNGKPEFT 310 320 330 340 350 360 DHLTHKLKHH PGQIEAAAIM EHILDGSSYV KAAQKLHEMD PLQKPKQDRY ALRTSPQWLG 370 380 390 400 410 420 PQIEVIRAAT KMIEREINSV NDNPLIDVSR NKALHGGNFQ GTPIGVSMDN ARLALASIGK 430 440 450 460 470 480 LMFAQFSELV NDYYNNGLPS NLTASRNPSL DYGFKGAEIA MASYCSELQF LANPVTNHVQ 490 500 510 520 530 540 SAEQHNQDVN SLGLISARKT AEAVDILKLM SSTYLVALCQ AIDLRHLEEN LKNAVKNTVS 550 560 570 580 590 600 QVAKRTLTMG ANGELHPARF CEKELLRIVD REYLFAYADD PCSCNYPLMQ KLRQVLVDHA 610 620 630 640 650 660 MNNGESEKNV NSSIFQKIGA FEDELKAVLP KEVESARAAL ESGNPAIPNR ITECRSYPLY 670 680 690 700 710 RFVRKELGTE LLTGEKVRSP GEECDKVFTA MCNGQIIDPM LECLKSWNGA PLPIC

References

[1]	"Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene structure, expression, and evolution in Nicotiana." Fukasawa-Akada T., Kung S.D., Watson J.C. Plant Mol. Biol. 30:711-722(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
[2]	Taguchi G., Sharan M., Gonda K., Yanagisawa K., Shimosaka M., Hayashida N., Okazaki M. Submitted (OCT-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Bright Yellow. Tissue: Callus.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M84466 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA34122.1. AB008200 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA22948.1.
PIR	S66343.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P25872.
SMR	P25872. Positions 21-715.
ModBase	Search...
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Enzyme and pathway databases
SABIO-RK	P25872.
UniPathway	UPA00713; UER00725.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	1.10.274.20. 1 hit. 1.10.275.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR001106. Aromatic_Lyase. IPR024083. Fumarase/histidase_N. IPR008948. L-Aspartase-like. IPR022313. Phe/His_NH3-lyase_AS. IPR005922. Phe_NH3-lyase. IPR023144. Phe_NH3-lyase_shielding_dom. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00221. Lyase_aromatic. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF48557. L-Aspartase-like. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01226. phe_am_lyase. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00488. PAL_HISTIDASE. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PAL1_TOBAC

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P25872

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	May 1, 1992
Last sequence update:	May 1, 1992
Last modified:	March 6, 2013
This is version 85 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program