Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P24928 (RPB1_HUMAN)
Last modified
June 16, 2009.
Version 102.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 Short name=RNA polymerase II subunit B1 EC=2.7.7.6 Alternative name(s): DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 EC=2.7.7.48 | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1970 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template. At the start of transcription, a single stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol II. A bridging helix emanates from RPB1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol II by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. During transcription elongation, Pol II moves on the template as the transcript elongates. Elongation is influenced by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II largest subunit (RPB1), which serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing. Acts as a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase when associated with small delta antigen of Hepatitis delta virus, acting both as a replicate and transcriptase for the viral RNA circular genome. Ref.16 |
| Catalytic activity | Nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). |
| Subunit structure | Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits By similarity. The phosphorylated C-terminal domain interacts with FNBP3 and SYNCRIP. Interacts with SAFB/SAFB1. Interacts with CCNL1 and MYO1C By similarity. Interacts with CCNL2 and SFRS19. Component of a complex which is at least composed of HTATSF1/Tat-SF1, the P-TEFb complex components CDK9 and CCNT1, RNA polymerase II, SUPT5H, and NCL/nucleolin. Interacts with PAF1. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Post-translational modification | The tandem 7 residues repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) can be highly phosphorylated. The phosphorylation activates Pol II. Phosphorylation occurs mainly at residues 'Ser-2' and 'Ser-5' of the heptapepdtide repeat. The phosphorylation state is believed to result from the balanced action of site-specific CTD kinases and phosphataes, and a "CTD code" that specifies the position of Pol II within the transcription cycle has been proposed. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.17 |
| Miscellaneous | The binding of ribonucleoside triphosphate to the RNA polymerase II transcribing complex probably involves a two-step mechanism. The initial binding seems to occur at the entry (E) site and involves a magnesium ion temporarily coordinated by three conserved aspartate residues of the two largest RNA Pol II subunits. The ribonucleoside triphosphate is transferred by a rotation to the nucelotide addition (A) site for pairing with the template DNA. The catalytic A site involves three conserved aspartate residues of the RNA Pol II largest subunit which permanently coordinate a second magnesium ion. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. Contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAGI2 | Q86UL8 | 1 | EBI-295301,EBI-311035 | |
| SUPT5H | O00267 | 2 | EBI-295301,EBI-710464 | |
| XAB2 | Q9HCS7 | 1 | EBI-295301,EBI-295232 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1970 | 1970 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 | PRO_0000073940 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Repeat | 1593 – 1599 | 7 | 1 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1600 – 1606 | 7 | 2; approximate | ||||||
| Repeat | 1608 – 1614 | 7 | 3 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1615 – 1621 | 7 | 4 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1622 – 1628 | 7 | 5 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1629 – 1635 | 7 | 6 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1636 – 1642 | 7 | 7 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1643 – 1649 | 7 | 8 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1650 – 1656 | 7 | 9 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1657 – 1663 | 7 | 10 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1664 – 1670 | 7 | 11 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1671 – 1677 | 7 | 12 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1678 – 1684 | 7 | 13 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1685 – 1691 | 7 | 14 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1692 – 1698 | 7 | 15 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1699 – 1705 | 7 | 16 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1706 – 1712 | 7 | 17 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1713 – 1719 | 7 | 18 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1720 – 1726 | 7 | 19 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1727 – 1733 | 7 | 20 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1734 – 1740 | 7 | 21 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1741 – 1747 | 7 | 22 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1748 – 1754 | 7 | 23 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1755 – 1761 | 7 | 24 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1762 – 1768 | 7 | 25 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1769 – 1775 | 7 | 26 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1776 – 1782 | 7 | 27 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1783 – 1789 | 7 | 28 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1790 – 1796 | 7 | 29 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1797 – 1803 | 7 | 30 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1804 – 1810 | 7 | 31 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1811 – 1817 | 7 | 32 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1818 – 1824 | 7 | 33 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1825 – 1831 | 7 | 34 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1832 – 1838 | 7 | 35 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1839 – 1845 | 7 | 36 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1846 – 1852 | 7 | 37 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1853 – 1859 | 7 | 38 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1860 – 1866 | 7 | 39 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1867 – 1873 | 7 | 40 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1874 – 1880 | 7 | 41 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1881 – 1887 | 7 | 42 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1888 – 1894 | 7 | 43 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1895 – 1901 | 7 | 44 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1902 – 1908 | 7 | 45 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1909 – 1915 | 7 | 46 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1916 – 1922 | 7 | 47 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1923 – 1929 | 7 | 48 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1930 – 1936 | 7 | 49 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1940 – 1946 | 7 | 50 | ||||||
| Repeat | 1947 – 1953 | 7 | 51; approximate | ||||||
| Repeat | 1954 – 1960 | 7 | 52; approximate | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 71 – 87 | 17 | C2H2-type By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 833 – 845 | 13 | Bridging helix | ||||||
| Region | 1593 – 1960 | 368 | 52 X 7 AA approximate tandem repeats of Y-[ST]-P-[STQ]-[ST]-P-[SRTEVKGN] | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Metal binding | 71 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 74 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 81 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 84 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 111 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 114 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 154 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 184 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 495 | 1 | Magnesium 1; catalytic By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 495 | 1 | Magnesium 2; shared with RPB2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 497 | 1 | Magnesium 1; catalytic By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 497 | 1 | Magnesium 2; shared with RPB2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 499 | 1 | Magnesium 1; catalytic By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 145 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 772 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 777 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1849 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1874 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1878 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1891 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1896 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1923 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1927 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1933 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1934 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 Ref.17 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 292 | 1 | R → C: dbSNP rs2229198. | VAR_051872 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1067 | 1 | W → L in CAA52862. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1449 | 1 | D → Y in CAA52862. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Complete sequence of the human RNA polymerase II largest subunit." Wintzerith M., Acker J., Vicaire S., Vigneron M., Kedinger C. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:910-910(1992) [PubMed: 1542581] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [2] | "The human gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II." Mita K., Tsuji H., Morimyo M., Takahashi E., Nenoi M., Ichimura S., Yamauchi M., Hongo E., Hayashi A. Gene 159:285-286(1995) [PubMed: 7622068] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "SAF-B couples transcription and pre-mRNA splicing to SAR/MAR elements." Nayler O., Straetling W., Bourquin J.-P., Stagljar I., Lindemann L., Jasper H., Hartmann A.M., Fackelmeyer F.O., Ullrich A., Stamm S. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:3542-3549(1998) [PubMed: 9671816] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SAFB. |
| [4] | "A novel RNA polymerase II-containing complex potentiates Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription." Parada C.A., Roeder R.G. EMBO J. 18:3688-3701(1999) [PubMed: 10393184] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN A COMPLEX WITH HTATSF1; CCNT1; NCL; SUPT5H AND CDK9. |
| [5] | "Tat-SF1 protein associates with RAP30 and human SPT5 proteins." Kim J.B., Yamaguchi Y., Wada T., Handa H., Sharp P.A. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:5960-5968(1999) [PubMed: 10454543] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH HTATSF1. |
| [6] | "The structure of an FF domain from human HYPA/FBP11." Allen M., Friedler A., Schon O., Bycroft M. J. Mol. Biol. 323:411-416(2002) [PubMed: 12381297] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FNBP3. |
| [7] | "Hyperphosphorylated C-terminal repeat domain-associating proteins in the nuclear proteome link transcription to DNA/chromatin modification and RNA processing." Carty S.M., Greenleaf A.L. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 1:598-610(2002) [PubMed: 12376575] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SYNCRIP. |
| [8] | "Cyclin L2, a novel RNA polymerase II-associated cyclin, is involved in pre-mRNA splicing and induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells." Yang L., Li N., Wang C., Yu Y., Yuan L., Zhang M., Cao X. J. Biol. Chem. 279:11639-11648(2004) [PubMed: 14684736] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CCNL2. |
| [9] | "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins." Beausoleil S.A., Jedrychowski M., Schwartz D., Elias J.E., Villen J., Li J., Cohn M.A., Cantley L.C., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:12130-12135(2004) [PubMed: 15302935] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1896 AND SER-1934, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [10] | "Expression of the C-terminal domain of novel human SR-A1 protein: interaction with the CTD domain of RNA polymerase II." Katsarou M.E., Papakyriakou A., Katsaros N., Scorilas A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 334:61-68(2005) [PubMed: 15992770] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SFRS19. |
| [11] | "Identification and characterization of a novel human histone H3 lysine 36 specific methyltransferase." Sun X.-J., Wei J., Wu X.-Y., Hu M., Wang L., Wang H.-H., Zhang Q.-H., Chen S.-J., Huang Q.-H., Chen Z. J. Biol. Chem. 280:35261-35271(2005) [PubMed: 16118227] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SETD2. |
| [12] | "Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells." Rush J., Moritz A., Lee K.A., Guo A., Goss V.L., Spek E.J., Zhang H., Zha X.-M., Polakiewicz R.D., Comb M.J. Nat. Biotechnol. 23:94-101(2005) [PubMed: 15592455] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-145, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [13] | "Solution structure of the Set2-Rpb1 interacting domain of human Set2 and its interaction with the hyperphosphorylated C-terminal domain of Rpb1." Li M., Phatnani H.P., Guan Z., Sage H., Greenleaf A.L., Zhou P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:17636-17641(2005) [PubMed: 16314571] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SETD2. |
| [14] | "The human homologue of the RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (hPaf1), localized on the 19q13 amplicon, is associated with tumorigenesis." Moniaux N., Nemos C., Schmied B.M., Chauhan S.C., Deb S., Morikane K., Choudhury A., Vanlith M., Sutherlin M., Sikela J.M., Hollingsworth M.A., Batra S.K. Oncogene 25:3247-3257(2006) [PubMed: 16491129] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PAF1 IN PAF1/RNA POLYMERASE II. Tissue: Fetal pancreas. |
| [15] | "Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column." Imami K., Sugiyama N., Kyono Y., Tomita M., Ishihama Y. Anal. Sci. 24:161-166(2008) [PubMed: 18187866] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-772 AND SER-777, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [16] | "Transcription of hepatitis delta virus RNA by RNA polymerase II." Chang J., Nie X., Chang H.E., Han Z., Taylor J. J. Virol. 82:1118-1127(2008) [PubMed: 18032511] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION AS RNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE. |
| [17] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1849; TYR-1874; THR-1891; SER-1896; TYR-1923; SER-1927 AND SER-1934, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [18] | Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X63564 mRNA. Translation: CAA45125.1. X74874 X74870 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA52862.1. | |||||||||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00031627. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PIR | I38186. S21054. | ||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_000928.1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.270017 | ||||||||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||||||||
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| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP:29011N. | ||||||||||||||||||
| IntAct | P24928. 13 interactions. | ||||||||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | P24928. | ||||||||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P24928. | ||||||||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000181222. Homo sapiens. [Contig view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneID | 5430. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:5430. | ||||||||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC17P007329. | ||||||||||||||||||
| H-InvDB | HIX0039202. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:9187. POLR2A. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HPA | CAB012226. CAB016388. | ||||||||||||||||||
| MIM | 180660. gene+phenotype. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA33507. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | P24928. | ||||||||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| BRENDA | 2.7.7.6. 247. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_12472. Regulatory RNA pathways. REACT_1675. mRNA Processing. REACT_1788. Transcription. REACT_1892. Elongation arrest and recovery. REACT_216. DNA Repair. REACT_6143. Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV-1 elongation. REACT_6167. Influenza Infection. REACT_6185. HIV Infection. REACT_6244. Pausing and recovery of HIV-1 elongation. REACT_6259. HIV-1 elongation arrest and recovery. REACT_6344. Tat-mediated HIV-1 elongation arrest and recovery. REACT_71. Gene Expression. REACT_769. Pausing and recovery of elongation. | ||||||||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P24928. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bgee | P24928. | ||||||||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_POLR2A. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000181222. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000722. RNA_pol_asu. IPR000684. RNA_pol_II_repeat_euk. IPR006592. RNA_pol_N. IPR007080. RNA_pol_Rpb1_1. IPR007066. RNA_pol_Rpb1_3. IPR007083. RNA_pol_Rpb1_4. IPR007081. RNA_pol_Rpb1_5. IPR007075. RNA_pol_Rpb1_6. IPR007073. RNA_pol_Rpb1_7. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gene3D | G3DSA:2.40.40.30. RNA_pol_A. 1 hit. G3DSA:3.90.1120.10. RNA_pol_Rpb1_1. 1 hit. G3DSA:3.30.1360.90. RNA_pol_Rpb1_7. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF04997. RNA_pol_Rpb1_1. 1 hit. PF00623. RNA_pol_Rpb1_2. 1 hit. PF04983. RNA_pol_Rpb1_3. 1 hit. PF05000. RNA_pol_Rpb1_4. 1 hit. PF04998. RNA_pol_Rpb1_5. 1 hit. PF04992. RNA_pol_Rpb1_6. 1 hit. PF04990. RNA_pol_Rpb1_7. 1 hit. PF05001. RNA_pol_Rpb1_R. 26 hits. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00663. RPOLA_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00115. RNA_POL_II_REPEAT. 43 hits. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Other Resources | |||||||||||||||||||
| NextBio | 21009. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | RPB1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P24928 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 17 Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


