Alanine aminotransferase 1 - Homo sapiens (Human)

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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P24298 (ALAT1_HUMAN)

Last modified March 2, 2010. Version 111. History...

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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

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Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Alanine aminotransferase 1
Short name=ALT1
EC=2.6.1.2

Alternative name(s):
Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 1
Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 1
Short name=GPT 1
Glutamic--alanine transaminase 1

Gene names

Name:	GPT
Synonyms:	AAT1, GPT1

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

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Protein attributes

Sequence length	496 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

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General annotation (Comments)

Function	Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles.
Catalytic activity	L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate.
Cofactor	Pyridoxal phosphate.
Pathway	Amino-acid degradation; L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway; pyruvate from L-alanine: step 1/1.
Subunit structure	Homodimer.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm.
Tissue specificity	Liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscles. Expressed at moderate levels in the adipose tissue. Ref.7
Induction	By glucocorticoids.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.

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Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	Pyridoxal phosphate
Molecular function	Aminotransferase Transferase
PTM	Acetylation
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	gluconeogenesis Non-traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB nitrogen compound metabolic process Non-traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	cytosol Ref.1 Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome
Molecular function	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity Ref.1 Ref.5 Non-traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB pyridoxal phosphate binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

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Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Initiator methionine

Removed Ref.5

Chain

2 – 496

495

Alanine aminotransferase 1

PRO_0000123933

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

N-acetylalanine Ref.5

Modified residue

314

N6-(pyridoxal phosphate)lysine By similarity

Natural variations

Natural variant

H → N in allele GPT*2. dbSNP rs1063739. Ref.1

VAR_000561

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

4 – 7

STGD → RRGN in BAA01186. Ref.6

Sequence conflict

G → S in BAA01186. Ref.6

Sequence conflict

222

H → A Ref.5

Sequence conflict

222

H → A Ref.6

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Sequences

Sequence

Length

Mass (Da)

Tools

P24298-1 [UniParc].

Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 3.
Checksum: 23705E7A3A4283B6
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FASTA

496

54,637

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MASSTGDRSQ AVRHGLRAKV LTLDGMNPRV RRVEYAVRGP IVQRALELEQ ELRQGVKKPF 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
TEVIRANIGD AQAMGQRPIT FLRQVLALCV NPDLLSSPNF PDDAKKRAER ILQACGGHSL 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
GAYSVSSGIQ LIREDVARYI ERRDGGIPAD PNNVFLSTGA SDAIVTVLKL LVAGEGHTRT 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
GVLIPIPQYP LYSATLAELG AVQVDYYLDE ERAWALDVAE LHRALGQARD HCRPRALCVI 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
NPGNPTGQVQ TRECIEAVIR FAFEERLFLL ADEVYQDNVY AAGSQFHSFK KVLMEMGPPY 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
AGQQELASFH STSKGYMGEC GFRGGYVEVV NMDAAVQQQM LKLMSVRLCP PVPGQALLDL 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
VVSPPAPTDP SFAQFQAEKQ AVLAELAAKA KLTEQVFNEA PGISCNPVQG AMYSFPRVQL 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
PPRAVERAQE LGLAPDMFFC LRLLEETGIC VVPGSGFGQR EGTYHFRMTI LPPLEKLRLL 

       490 
LEKLSRFHAK FTLEYS

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References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Human glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT): localization to 8q24.3, cDNA and genomic sequences, and polymorphic sites." Sohocki M.M., Sullivan L.S., Harrison W.R., Sodergren E.J., Elder F.F.B., Weinstock G., Tanase S., Daiger S.P. Genomics 40:247-252(1997) [PubMed: 9119391] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT ASN-14.
[2]	"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[3]	NHLBI resequencing and genotyping service (RS&G) Submitted (FEB-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[5]	"Complete amino acid sequence of human liver cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (GPT) determined by a combination of conventional and mass spectral methods." Ishiguro M., Takio K., Suzuki M., Oyama R., Matsuzawa T., Titani K. Biochemistry 30:10451-10457(1991) [PubMed: 1931970] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-496. Tissue: Liver.
[6]	"Human mRNA for alanine aminotransferase." Funatsu M., Tanase S., Nakao J., Hamada F., Oka T., Morino Y. Submitted (AUG-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 4-496. Tissue: Liver.
[7]	"cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase." Yang R.-Z., Blaileanu G., Hansen B.C., Shuldiner A.R., Gong D.-W. Genomics 79:445-450(2002) [PubMed: 11863375] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

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Web resources

SHMPD

The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database

Wikipedia

Alanine transaminase entry

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Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	U70732 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC51155.1. BT006992 mRNA. Translation: AAP35638.1. EF444981 Genomic DNA. Translation: ACA05996.1. BC018207 mRNA. Translation: AAH18207.1. D10355 mRNA. Translation: BAA01186.1.
IPI	IPI00217458.
PIR	A40465.
RefSeq	NP_005300.1.
UniGene	Hs.103502
3D structure databases
SMR	P24298. Positions 81-488, 112-490.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	P24298.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P24298.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000394955; ENSP00000378408; ENSG00000167701; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID	2875.
KEGG	hsa:2875.
UCSC	uc003zdh.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	2875.
GeneCards	GC08P145632.
H-InvDB	HIX0021627.
HGNC	HGNC:4552. GPT.
MIM	138200. gene.
PharmGKB	PA28947.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG15139.
HOGENOM	HBG645860.
HOVERGEN	HBG026148.
InParanoid	P24298.
OMA	HAKFTLE.
OrthoDB	EOG9N3383.
PhylomeDB	P24298.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	MetaCyc:MONOMER-12785.
BRENDA	2.6.1.2. 247.
Reactome	REACT_13. Metabolism of amino acids.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P24298.
Bgee	P24298.
CleanEx	HS_GPT.
Genevestigator	P24298.
GermOnline	ENSG00000167701. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001176. ACC_synthase. IPR004839. Aminotransferase_I/II. IPR015424. PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_dom. IPR015421. PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub1. IPR015422. PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub2. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.40.640.10. PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub1. 1 hit. G3DSA:3.90.1150.10. PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub2. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00155. Aminotran_1_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00753. ACCSYNTHASE.
SUPFAM	SSF53383. PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
DrugBank	DB00160. L-Alanine. DB00142. L-Glutamic Acid. DB00114. Pyridoxal Phosphate.
NextBio	11349.
SOURCE	Search...

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Entry information

Entry name

ALAT1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P24298
Secondary accession number(s): B0YJ18, P78398, Q93076

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	March 1, 1992
Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
Last modified:	March 2, 2010
This is version 111 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

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